Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Oxidative 1,3-Aryl Migration of α-Aryl Allylic Alcohols.

A Rh(III)-catalyzed oxidative 1,3-aryl migration of α-arylallylic alcohols via Csp2-Csp3 σ bond activation has been developed. This method provides an efficient strategy to allow for allylic alcohol-based skeleton rearrangement, in which various secondary and tertiary α-arylallylic alcohols are rapidly converted to ß-aryl-α, ß-unsaturated ketones and aldehydes.

[Zinc regulation system in bacteria and its relationship with infection - A review].

Zinc is an indispensable trace element and important for both bacteria and eukaryotes. Zn homeostasis is established by Zn2+ transport and regulation system. Hosts have developed mechanisms for Zn restricting or toxicosis in response to infections. In order to grow and multiply in the infected host, bacteria have progressed strict zinc transportation and regulation system, such as ZnuABC. Zinc is critically involved in a plethora of metabolic and virulence pathways and is paramount important in infection. Therefore, there could be possibilities to use zinc transporters as a very promising target for the development of novel antimicrobial strategies.

[Experimental research of gaits based on young plantar pressure test].

The present paper is to study the center line of the plantar pressure of normal young people, and to find the relation between center line of the plantar pressure and gait stability and balance. The paper gives the testing principle and calculating methods for geometric center of plantar pressure distribution and the center of pressure due to the techniques of footprint frame. The calculating formulas in both x direction and y direction are also deduced in the paper. In the experiments carried out in our laboratory, the gait parameters of 131 young subjects walking as usual speed were acquired, and 14 young subjects of the total were specially analyzed. We then provided reference data for the walking gait database of young people, including time parameters, space parameters and plantar pressure parameters. We also obtained the line of geometry center and pressure center under the foot. We found that the differences existed in normal people's geometric center line and the pressure center line. The center of pressure trajectory revealed foot movement stability. The length and lateral changes of the center line of the plantar pressure could be applied to analysis of the plantar pressure of all kinds of people. The results in this paper are useful in clinical foot disease diagnosis and evaluation of surgical effect.

Mn(I)-catalyzed sigmatropic rearrangement of ß, γ-unsaturated alcohols.

Sigmatropic rearrangement provides a versatile strategy to site-selectively reorganize carbon-skeleton with high atom- and step-economy. Herein, we disclose a Mn(I)-catalyzed sigmatropic rearrangement of ß, γ-unsaturated alcohols via C-C σ bond activation. A variety of α-aryl-allylic alcohols and α-aryl-propargyl alcohols could undergo in-situ 1,2- or 1,3- sigmatropic rearrangements to allow for converting to complex structural arylethyl- and arylvinyl- carbonyl compounds under a simple catalytic system. More importantly, this catalysis model can be further applied to assemble macrocyclic ketones through bimolecular [2n + 4] coupling-cyclization and monomolecular [n + 1] ring-extension. The presented skeleton rearrangement would be a useful tool complementary to the traditional molecular rearrangement.

Health risk and disease burden attributable to long-term global fine-mode particles.

Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) pollution has long been a global environmental problem and still poses a great threat to public health. This study investigates global spatiotemporal variations in PM2.5 using the newly developed satellite-derived PM2.5 dataset from 1998 to 2018. An integrated exposure-response (IER) model was employed to examine the characteristics of PM2.5-related deaths caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), lung cancer (LC), and stroke in adults (age≥25), as well as lower respiratory infection (LRI) in children (age≤5). The results showed that high annual PM2.5 concentrations were observed mainly in East Asia and South Asia. Over the 19-year period, PM2.5 concentrations constantly decreased in developed regions, but increased in most developing regions. Approximately 84% of the population lived in regions where PM2.5 concentrations exceeded 10 µg/m3. Meanwhile, the vast majority of the population (>60%) in East and South Asia was consistently exposed to PM2.5 levels above 35 µg/m3. PM2.5 exposure was linked to 3.38 (95% UI: 3.05-3.70) million premature deaths globally in 2000, a number that increased to 4.11 (95% UI: 3.55-4.69) million in 2018. Premature deaths related to PM2.5 accounted for 6.54%-7.79% of the total cause of deaths worldwide, with a peak in 2011. Furthermore, developing regions contributed to the majority (85.95%-95.06%) of PM2.5-related deaths worldwide, and the three highest-ranking regions were East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Globally, IHD and stroke were the two main contributors to total PM2.5-related deaths, followed by COPD, LC, and LRI.

[Design and manufacture of mechanic modeling of fluid dynamics related to the myocardial bridging and mural coronary artery].

A model of fluid dynamics related to the myocardial bridginged and mural coronary artery was designed and manufactured according to the physical principle and characteristic of the mural coronary artery. The model can imitate systematically well the effect of myocardial bridging on hemodynamic change of the mural coronary artery under different controlled experimental parameter. The methodology is proved to be feasible and has good prosperity of experimental study.

A haemodynamic model for heart-mural coronary artery-myocardial bridge.

An experimental model for heart-mural coronary artery-myocardial bridge was established based on the theory of haemodynamics. The application of the model demonstrated that it can repeat to great extent the phenomenon of the myocardial bridge compressing the mural coronary artery, which results in abnormal haemodynamic characteristics. The results of simulation experiments are mostly consistent with clinical research.

Design of compliance chamber and after-load in apparatus for cultured endothelial cells subjected to stresses.

In order to create a hemodynamic environment that can simulate the physiological condition of arteries, an in vitro experiment apparatus was designed whose key modules were compliance chamber and after-load. These two modules were developed based on the theories of hemodynamics. Both the normal and shear stress to which endothelial cells are exposed can be controlled with these modules, thus facilitating the research of endothelial cells subjected to stresses.