Screening for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea in Youth Correctional Facilities, Utah, USA.

We reviewed data obtained in October 2021-May 2023 from youth who reported a history of sexual activity upon admission to 1 of 12 juvenile justice facilities in Utah, USA, that offered screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Urinalysis revealed C. trachomatis positivity of 10.77%, N. gonorrhoeae positivity of 1.08%, and coinfection C. trachomatis N. gonorrhoeae) of 0.90%. Prevalence of infection was similar for youths in rural and urban facilities. A total of 12.01% of those identifying as male and 14.01% of those identifying as female tested positive for C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, or coinfection. Of young adults who tested positive, 74.65% received their results while incarcerated, all of whom accepted treatment. Our research underscores the feasibility of providing prompt C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae screening and treatment in juvenile correctional facilities. The pervasiveness of infection emphasizes the urgent need for early identification and treatment for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae in incarcerated youth nationwide.

Role of Semaphorin 3A in common psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety.

With societal development and an ageing population, psychiatric disorders have become a common cause of severe and long-term disability and socioeconomic burdens worldwide. Semaphorin 3A (Sema-3A) is a secreted glycoprotein belonging to the semaphorin family. Sema-3A is well known as an axon guidance factor in the neuronal system and a potent immunoregulator at all stages of the immune response. It is reported to have various biological functions and is involved in many human diseases, including autoimmune diseases, angiocardiopathy, osteoporosis, and tumorigenesis. The signals of sema-3A involved in the pathogenesis of these conditions, are transduced through its cognate receptors and diverse downstream signalling pathways. An increasing number of studies show that sema-3A plays important roles in synaptic and dendritic development, which are closely associated with the pathophysiological mechanisms of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, depression, and autism, suggesting the involvement of sema-3A in the pathogenesis of mental diseases. This indicates that mutations in sema-3A and alterations in its receptors and signalling may compromise neurodevelopment and predispose patients to these disorders. However, the role of sema-3A in psychiatric disorders, particularly in regulating neurodevelopment, remains elusive. In this review, we summarise the recent progress in understanding sema-3A in the pathogenesis of mental diseases and highlight sema-3A as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.

Silencing FUT4 Inhibits the Progression of Osteosarcoma through Activation of FOXO1.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that inhibition of Fucosyltransferase4 (FUT4) to activate Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) can lead to apoptosis of cancer cells, however, the mechanism in osteosarcoma is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the biological significance of the connection between FUT4 and FOXO1 in osteosarcoma growth. METHODS: In vitro tests were conducted using the human osteoblast cell line and the osteosarcoma cell lines. QRT-PCR assay as well as western blot assay were used to ascertain the relative expression levels of FUT4 and FOXO1 in the cells. By using the CCK-8 assay, colony assay, EDU assay, wound healing assay and Transwell assay, osteosarcoma cells' ability to proliferate, migrate and invade were examined in relation to si- FUT4. TUNEL test was used to evaluate Si-impact FUT4's on KHOS and U2OS apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Western blot assay was used to identify the expression of proliferative, migrating and apoptosis-related protein markers in osteosarcoma cells KHOS and U2OS and the expression of important proteins in the Wnt/ ß-catenin signaling pathway. RESULTS: In comparison with osteoblasts, osteosarcoma cells expressed more FUT4. The osteosarcoma cells' capacities to proliferate, invade, and migrate were markedly inhibited by the inhibition of FUT4 expression, which also increased osteosarcoma cell apoptosis. The Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway was blocked by upregulating FOXO1 expression, which was in turn inhibited by inhibiting FUT4 expression. CONCLUSION: Osteosarcoma cells express more FUT4. The Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway has a significant effect on osteosarcoma cell death, and inhibition of FUT4 expression may target FOXO1 activation to decrease osteosarcoma cells' ability to proliferate, invade, and migrate.

Midlife Women's Menopausal Transition Symptom Experience and Access to Medical and Integrative Health Care: Informing the Development of MENOGAP.

Background: Individuals with a uterus experience menopause, the cessation of menses, on average at age 51 years in the United States. While menopause is a natural occurrence for most, over 85% of women experience multiple interfering symptoms. Menopausal women face health disparities, including a lack of access to high-quality healthcare and greater disparities are experienced by women who are black, indigenous, and people of color. Some women are turning away from hormone therapy, and some seek integrative health interventions. Objective: Some menopausal women who seek healthcare do not receive it as they lack access to medical and integrative healthcare providers. A potential solution to this problem is a medical group visit (MGV), during which a provider sees multiple patients at once. The aims of this study were to gather women's opinions about the menopause, provider access, and conventional and integrative health interventions for later use to develop a menopause MGV. Methods: We conducted a Community Engagement Session and a Return of Results (RoR) with midlife women to learn about their menopause experiences, barriers and facilitators to accessing health providers, and their interest in and suggestions for designing a future integrative MGV (IMGV). Thematic qualitative research methods were used to summarize session results. Results: Nine women participated in the Session and six attended the RoR. Participants were well-educated and diverse in race and ethnicity. Themes included: an interest in this topic; unfamiliar medical terms; relevant social factors; desired whole person care; interest in integrative health; barriers and facilitators to accessing healthcare. The group expressed interest in ongoing participation in the future process of adapting an IMGV, naming it MENOGAP. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of stakeholder engagement before designing and implementing MENOGAP and the great need among midlife women for education about the menopausal transition, integrative self-care, and healthcare.