Analysis of bacterial distribution and antibiotic resistance in children with severe pneumonia through bronchoalveolar lavage fluid / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To realize the bacterial distribution and antibiotic resistance in children with severe pneumonia in this region.Methods:A total of 203 children with severe pneumonia diagnosed in Gansu Provincial People′s Hospital from April 2018 to March 2020 were divided into 0-1, 1-3, 3-7 and 7-14 years old groups.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected for bacterial culture and identification, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed.Results:The positive rate of pathogens was 69.5% (141/203), including 72.3% (102 strains) of Gram-negative bacteria and 30.5%(43 strains)of Gram-positive bacteria.The infection rates were highest in 0-1 years old group and the lowest in 7-14 years old group, which were 45.2%(19/42) and 16.9%(10/59), respectively.The infection rates of Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli and Branhamella catarrhalis in the 1-3 years old group were 30.30%(10/33), 33.33% (11/33), and 21.21% (7/33), respectively, which showed significant differences compared with other groups( P<0.05). The infection rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the 0-1 years old group was 42.9%(18/42), which was significantly different compared with other groups ( P<0.001). The resistance rate of Haemophilus influenzae to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was 89.5%(34/38), and the Streptococcus pneumoniae to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline were both 82.4%(28/34). The highest antibiotic resistance rate of Escherichia coli was 34.6%(9/26), and the Branhamella catarrhalis to clindamycin was 56.3%(9/16). Conclusion:The dominant bacteria for severe pneumonia in children are Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Branhamella catarrhalis.The bacterial infection rate is highest within 1 year old, but gradually decreases with the increase of age.Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae have severe resistance to several antibiotics.

Association of fetal cardiac structural abnormalities and chromosomal aneuploidies and copy number variations / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the association of fetal cardiac structural abnormalities with chromosomal aneuploidies and copy number variations (CNVs) in amniocytes.@*METHODS@#328 pregnant women were subjected to fetal ultrasonography and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Based on the fetal heart structure, the subjects were divided into normal (n=273) and abnormal groups (n=55). The detection rates of chromosomal aneuploidies and CNVs were compared between the two groups. Spearman method was used to assess the association between the results and fetal cardiac structural abnormalities.@*RESULTS@#The detection rates for chromosomal aneuploidies and CNVs in the abnormal group were significantly higher than that in the normal group (P< 0.05), and the incidence of fetal cardiac structural abnormalities was strongly associated with chromosomal aneuploidies and CNVs (P< 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Fetal chromosomal aneuploidies and CNVs are strongly associated with cardiac structural abnormalities.

Application of composite 3D scaffolds in repairing skull defects / 中国综合临床

Bone graft is an important basic condition for repairing skull defect caused by various reasons,but whether autologous bone graft or allograft bone transplantation,the clinical limitations was increasingly significant.With the development of bone tissue engineering,the introduction of bone progenitor cells and growth factors into composite scaffolds made from natural or synthetic materials,and as a substitute for bone graft has become a hot spot of research.It will review the research progress on bone graft substitute and bone biomimetic scaffold material,so as to provides reference on the further investigations.

Progress in pathogenesis and early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease / 中国综合临床

Objective Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system.The main pathological feature is the reduction of dopaminergic neurons,which induces motion symptoms such as resting tremor,muscle rigidity,bradykinesia,and postural disorder.The etiology and pathogenesis of PD are complex and related to a variety of factors.The current pathogenesis is related to mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,neuroinflammatory response,apoptosis,and autophagy.The early onset of PD is occult and the rate of misdiagnosis is high.It requires a new simple,safe,and effective early diagnosis method.The current methods of early diagnosis mainly include clinical non-motor symptoms,biomarkers,and imaging examination methods.

Investigation on pressure ulcer prevention behaviors and related factors of nurse / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate behaviors of nurses on pressure ulcer prevention,exploring the related factors of pressure ulcer prevention behaviors. Methods With cross-sectional survey,a self-made questionnaire of nurse′s pressure ulcer prevention behaviors was used to investigate nurses′behaviors. Results The overall score of behavior was(43.97±8.95)points,standard score from high to low were risk assessment (6.98 ± 1.69) points, incontinence care (6.66 ± 1.51) points, Health education (9.61 ± 2.50) points, position and reposition (9.21 ± 2.19) points, supporting surface (11.51 ± 3.20) points. Different department (Z=-2.379, P<0.05), job title (χ2=11.601, P<0.01), past experiences of learning pressure ulcer knowledge(Z=2.474,P<0.05),latest learning time(Z=-2.399,P<0.05),caring number of pressure ulcer patients (χ2=17.338, P<0.01) had different scores. Multiple linear regression analysis of behavior indicated that recent education time from now was the influential factor, which can explain 15.5% of the variation in prevention behavior. Conclusions Nurses′ pressure ulcer prevention behaviors need to be improved, with nurse whose recent studying time was less than one year showing better preventive behavior. Nurse′s behaviors got worse when they didn′t get education for a long time, which indicated that the frequency of training should be enhanced.

External quality assessment of blood cell morphology in National Center for Clinical Laboratories from 1999 to 2016 / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To analyze National Center for Clinical Laboratories external quality assessment(EQA)of blood cell morphology,and to summarize the cell system,morphological types and frequency of EQA.Methods EXCEL software was used to analyze retrospectively 506 pictures from National Center for Clinical Laboratories 51 times EQA of blood cell morphology from 1999 to 2016,then the type and frequency were summarized.Results Among the 506 pictures in National Center for Clinical Laboratories EQA from 1999 to 2016,380 pictures came from peripheral blood,125 pictures came from bone marrow,and the ratio was 3:1.The remaining one came from cerebrospinal fluid cells.In results of 51 times EQA,there were 135 kinds of cell morphology,including 37.78% morphology once only.In blood cell types,mononuclear had the highest frequency(28 times),then atypical lymphocyte appeared 25 times.Conclusion It is necessary for each laboratory to learn the content of blood cell morphology,and master proficiently cell morphology characteristics,especially the basic cells in blood smear for the improvement of diagnosis accuracy.

External quality assessment of blood cell morphology in National Center for Clinical Laboratories from 1999 to 2016 / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To analyze National Center for Clinical Laboratories external quality assessment(EQA)of blood cell morphology,and to summarize the cell system,morphological types and frequency of EQA.Methods EXCEL software was used to analyze retrospectively 506 pictures from National Center for Clinical Laboratories 51 times EQA of blood cell morphology from 1999 to 2016,then the type and frequency were summarized.Results Among the 506 pictures in National Center for Clinical Laboratories EQA from 1999 to 2016,380 pictures came from peripheral blood,125 pictures came from bone marrow,and the ratio was 3:1.The remaining one came from cerebrospinal fluid cells.In results of 51 times EQA,there were 135 kinds of cell morphology,including 37.78% morphology once only.In blood cell types,mononuclear had the highest frequency(28 times),then atypical lymphocyte appeared 25 times.Conclusion It is necessary for each laboratory to learn the content of blood cell morphology,and master proficiently cell morphology characteristics,especially the basic cells in blood smear for the improvement of diagnosis accuracy.

Application of SMART principle in the management of nursing research / 现代临床护理

Objective To study the effect of SMART principle on the management of nursing research in hospitals. Methods The SMART principle was used in the management of nursing research,including the development,specification and verification of research goals as well as supervision of the process.The number of nurses having published research papers and the number of published papers were calculated during November 2008 to November 2011. Result The number of published papers went down but the number of scientific research papers went up in the year of 2003.Conclusion The SMART principle is effective for promoting the quality of nursing research.

The anxiety level of the patients who will have ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy: a survey study / 生物医学工程学杂志

In order to fully understand the anxiety level of the patients who will have ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy, and the survey results will guide the future clinical care to reduce the anxiety score of the patients, and to im-prove the satisfaction of them, which reflects the quality of care, we used Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) to investigate outpatients who will have ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy in a upper first-class hospital by convenience sampling way. The results showed that the SAS standard score of the patients was higher than the Chinese normal population's, and there is significant difference between the patients and the normal population's score (t = 47.12, P < 0.001). So for reducing the patients' anxiety level we should give health education and care intervention to the patients before the operation. This reflects the Patient-centered Culture and Excellent-quality Care in China.

SCREENING FOR PHENYLKETONURIA GENE MUTATION BY DNA AMPLIFICATION WITH THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Exon 3 termination mutation of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene, the only identified one causing classical phenylketonuria (PKU) in Chinese, was detected in fourteen PKU children from Xi'an. The genomic DNA from these patients was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and dot hybridied with specific oligonucleotide probes. This mutation is not present in any of these affected children, which indicates that phenylketonuria in Chinese may be caused by other mutations in phenylalanine hydroxylase locus. PCR amplification combining with oligonucleotide dot hybridization is technically feasible for prenatal diagnosis and carrier screening for PKU.