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1.
Psychol Med ; 54(8): 1810-1823, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38288603

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Incidence of first-episode psychosis (FEP) varies substantially across geographic regions. Phenotypes of subclinical psychosis (SP), such as psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and schizotypy, present several similarities with psychosis. We aimed to examine whether SP measures varied across different sites and whether this variation was comparable with FEP incidence within the same areas. We further examined contribution of environmental and genetic factors to SP. METHODS: We used data from 1497 controls recruited in 16 different sites across 6 countries. Factor scores for several psychopathological dimensions of schizotypy and PLEs were obtained using multidimensional item response theory models. Variation of these scores was assessed using multi-level regression analysis to estimate individual and between-sites variance adjusting for age, sex, education, migrant, employment and relational status, childhood adversity, and cannabis use. In the final model we added local FEP incidence as a second-level variable. Association with genetic liability was examined separately. RESULTS: Schizotypy showed a large between-sites variation with up to 15% of variance attributable to site-level characteristics. Adding local FEP incidence to the model considerably reduced the between-sites unexplained schizotypy variance. PLEs did not show as much variation. Overall, SP was associated with younger age, migrant, unmarried, unemployed and less educated individuals, cannabis use, and childhood adversity. Both phenotypes were associated with genetic liability to schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: Schizotypy showed substantial between-sites variation, being more represented in areas where FEP incidence is higher. This supports the hypothesis that shared contextual factors shape the between-sites variation of psychosis across the spectrum.


Assuntos
Transtornos Psicóticos , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica , Humanos , Transtornos Psicóticos/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/epidemiologia , Incidência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo
2.
Mol Psychiatry ; 28(5): 2095-2106, 2023 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37062770

RESUMO

ABTRACT: Studies conducted in psychotic disorders have shown that DNA-methylation (DNAm) is sensitive to the impact of Childhood Adversity (CA). However, whether it mediates the association between CA and psychosis is yet to be explored. Epigenome wide association studies (EWAS) using the Illumina Infinium-Methylation EPIC array in peripheral blood tissue from 366 First-episode of psychosis and 517 healthy controls was performed. Adversity scores were created for abuse, neglect and composite adversity with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Regressions examining (I) CTQ scores with psychosis; (II) with DNAm EWAS level and (III) between DNAm and caseness, adjusted for a variety of confounders were conducted. Divide-Aggregate Composite-null Test for the composite null-hypothesis of no mediation effect was conducted. Enrichment analyses were conducted with missMethyl package and the KEGG database. Our results show that CA was associated with psychosis (Composite: OR = 1.68; p = <0.001; abuse: OR = 2.16; p < 0.001; neglect: OR = 2.27; p = <0.001). None of the CpG sites significantly mediated the adversity-psychosis association after Bonferroni correction (p < 8.1 × 10-8). However, 28, 34 and 29 differentially methylated probes associated with 21, 27, 20 genes passed a less stringent discovery threshold (p < 5 × 10-5) for composite, abuse and neglect respectively, with a lack of overlap between abuse and neglect. These included genes previously associated to psychosis in EWAS studies, such as PANK1, SPEG TBKBP1, TSNARE1 or H2R. Downstream gene ontology analyses did not reveal any biological pathways that survived false discovery rate correction. Although at a non-significant level, DNAm changes in genes previously associated with schizophrenia in EWAS studies may mediate the CA-psychosis association. These results and associated involved processes such as mitochondrial or histaminergic disfunction, immunity or neural signalling requires replication in well powered samples. The lack of overlap between mediating genes associated with abuse and neglect suggests differential biological trajectories linking CA subtypes and psychosis.


Assuntos
Experiências Adversas da Infância , Testes Psicológicos , Transtornos Psicóticos , Autorrelato , Humanos , Criança , Metilação de DNA/genética , Epigenoma , Transtornos Psicóticos/genética
3.
Psychol Med ; 53(15): 7375-7384, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38078747

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Childhood adversity and cannabis use are considered independent risk factors for psychosis, but whether different patterns of cannabis use may be acting as mediator between adversity and psychotic disorders has not yet been explored. The aim of this study is to examine whether cannabis use mediates the relationship between childhood adversity and psychosis. METHODS: Data were utilised on 881 first-episode psychosis patients and 1231 controls from the European network of national schizophrenia networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study. Detailed history of cannabis use was collected with the Cannabis Experience Questionnaire. The Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire was used to assess exposure to household discord, sexual, physical or emotional abuse and bullying in two periods: early (0-11 years), and late (12-17 years). A path decomposition method was used to analyse whether the association between childhood adversity and psychosis was mediated by (1) lifetime cannabis use, (2) cannabis potency and (3) frequency of use. RESULTS: The association between household discord and psychosis was partially mediated by lifetime use of cannabis (indirect effect coef. 0.078, s.e. 0.022, 17%), its potency (indirect effect coef. 0.059, s.e. 0.018, 14%) and by frequency (indirect effect coef. 0.117, s.e. 0.038, 29%). Similar findings were obtained when analyses were restricted to early exposure to household discord. CONCLUSIONS: Harmful patterns of cannabis use mediated the association between specific childhood adversities, like household discord, with later psychosis. Children exposed to particularly challenging environments in their household could benefit from psychosocial interventions aimed at preventing cannabis misuse.


Assuntos
Experiências Adversas da Infância , Cannabis , Transtornos Psicóticos , Esquizofrenia , Humanos , Criança , Cannabis/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Transtornos Psicóticos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/etiologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/psicologia , Esquizofrenia/epidemiologia , Esquizofrenia/complicações
4.
Psychol Med ; 53(13): 6150-6160, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36305570

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Child maltreatment (CM) and migrant status are independently associated with psychosis. We examined prevalence of CM by migrant status and tested whether migrant status moderated the association between CM and first-episode psychosis (FEP). We further explored whether differences in CM exposure contributed to variations in the incidence rates of FEP by migrant status. METHODS: We included FEP patients aged 18-64 years in 14 European sites and recruited controls representative of the local populations. Migrant status was operationalized according to generation (first/further) and region of origin (Western/non-Western countries). The reference population was composed by individuals of host country's ethnicity. CM was assessed with Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Prevalence ratios of CM were estimated using Poisson regression. We examined the moderation effect of migrant status on the odds of FEP by CM fitting adjusted logistic regressions with interaction terms. Finally, we calculated the population attributable fractions (PAFs) for CM by migrant status. RESULTS: We examined 849 FEP cases and 1142 controls. CM prevalence was higher among migrants, their descendants and migrants of non-Western heritage. Migrant status, classified by generation (likelihood test ratio:χ2 = 11.3, p = 0.004) or by region of origin (likelihood test ratio:χ2 = 11.4, p = 0.003), attenuated the association between CM and FEP. PAFs for CM were higher among all migrant groups compared with the reference populations. CONCLUSIONS: The higher exposure to CM, despite a smaller effect on the odds of FEP, accounted for a greater proportion of incident FEP cases among migrants. Policies aimed at reducing CM should consider the increased vulnerability of specific subpopulations.


Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis , Transtornos Psicóticos , Migrantes , Criança , Humanos , Transtornos Psicóticos/epidemiologia , Etnicidade , Incidência
5.
J Nerv Ment Dis ; 211(7): 543-549, 2023 07 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37382996

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Accumulating evidence suggests that obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) are positively associated with exposure to traumatic experiences and dissociative symptoms in both clinical and community samples. The current study was aimed at investigating the relationships between traumatic experiences, dissociation, and OCSs. A sample of 333 community adults (56.8% females) aged from 18 to 56 years (mean [SD], 25.64 [6.70] years) completed measures on traumatic experiences, dissociative symptoms, and OCSs. A structural equation modeling (SEM) framework was used to test if dissociative symptoms mediated the relationship between traumatic experiences and OCSs. SEM analyses showed that dissociation fully mediated the predictive association between traumatic experiences of emotional neglect and abuse and OCSs in the sample. Accordingly, some individuals suffering from OCSs might benefit from clinical interventions aimed at processing and integrating traumatic experiences.


Assuntos
Transtornos Dissociativos , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Dissociativos/epidemiologia , Análise de Classes Latentes , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/epidemiologia
6.
J Nerv Ment Dis ; 211(9): 696-703, 2023 09 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37399578

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Literature suggests that narcissistic traits may affect socio-affective development from early adolescence. Two interrelated narcissistic domains have been identified, i.e. , narcissistic grandiosity (NG) and narcissistic vulnerability (NV). This study aims to prospectively assess NG and NV during adolescence and to investigate the mediating role of empathy on the stability of narcissistic traits. One-hundred fifty-six adolescents (47.5% females) participated in a longitudinal prospective study. NG, NV, and empathy were assessed at baseline and 24-month follow-up. Compared with NG traits, NV showed a mean-level increasing pattern, albeit with a small effect size. Different empathy domains mediated the developmental trajectories of NG and NV. Specifically, the "fantasy" empathy domain partially mediated the stability of NG, whereas the "personal distress" domain partially mediated the mild increase of NV. The findings suggest that grandiose fantasies and negative activation to others' distress are crucial factors in shaping developmental trajectories of narcissistic traits during adolescence.


Assuntos
Empatia , Narcisismo , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Transtornos do Humor , Delusões
7.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol ; 58(10): 1573-1580, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37335320

RESUMO

This study investigated if the association between childhood maltreatment and cognition among psychosis patients and community controls was partially accounted for by genetic liability for psychosis. Patients with first-episode psychosis (N = 755) and unaffected controls (N = 1219) from the EU-GEI study were assessed for childhood maltreatment, intelligence quotient (IQ), family history of psychosis (FH), and polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (SZ-PRS). Controlling for FH and SZ-PRS did not attenuate the association between childhood maltreatment and IQ in cases or controls. Findings suggest that these expressions of genetic liability cannot account for the lower levels of cognition found among adults maltreated in childhood.


Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis , Transtornos Psicóticos , Esquizofrenia , Adulto , Humanos , Criança , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Transtornos Psicóticos/genética , Esquizofrenia/epidemiologia , Esquizofrenia/genética , Cognição
8.
J Trauma Dissociation ; 24(3): 362-379, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36820493

RESUMO

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between dissociation and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and disorder (OCD). Specifically, the study aimed to (a) estimate the pooled prevalence of dissociative disorders among individuals with OCD; (b) systematically review the prevalence of OCD among individuals with dissociative disorders; (c) compare the severity of dissociative symptoms between individuals with OCD and non-clinical controls; (d) estimate the association between OCS and dissociative symptoms in the clinical and non-clinical populations. A systematic search was carried out in biomedical databases from inception to January 2022 according to PRISMA guidelines. A total of 41 studies met inclusion criteria (n = 9,438, 34.3% males). The pooled prevalence of dissociative disorders in adult samples with OCD was 8% (95% CI [3, 15], k = 5). Studies on adolescent and adult patients with dissociative disorders found that 17-32% reported comorbid OCD, while a prospective study of patients with early-onset dissociative disorders found no evidence of association with OCD. Individuals affected by OCD reported more dissociative symptoms than non-clinical controls (g = .67, 95% CI [.18, 1.16], k = 9). A moderate correlation between dissociative symptoms and OCS was detected (r = .43, 95% CI [.36, .51], k = 18). Sensitivity analyses showed small/moderate correlations between dissociative experiences and specific types of obsessions and compulsions. Findings suggest that dissociative symptoms are moderately related to OCS in both clinical and non-clinical populations. Interventions aimed to reduce dissociation might improve treatment response of patients suffering from OCD.


Assuntos
Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo , Adulto , Masculino , Adolescente , Humanos , Feminino , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/epidemiologia , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/complicações , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Comorbidade , Transtornos Dissociativos/diagnóstico , Prevalência
9.
Eur Eat Disord Rev ; 29(6): 826-841, 2021 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34460991

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine: the pooled prevalence of symptomatic behaviours and mental health deterioration amongst individuals with eating disorders (EDs) and obesity during the COVID-19 confinement. Moreover, we examined changes in EDs and distress before and during the confinement, and the association between psychosocial factors and EDs symptoms. METHOD: A systematic search was carried out in biomedical databases from January 2020 to January 2021. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that used quantitative measures of ED symptoms and psychological distress during and after the COVID-19 confinement were included. RESULTS: A total of 26 studies met inclusion criteria (n = 3399, 85.7% female). The pooled prevalence of symptomatic deterioration in EDs was 65% (95% CI[48,81], k = 10). The pooled prevalence of increased weight in obesity was 52% (95% CI[25,78], k = 4). More than half of the participants experienced depression and anxiety. Moreover, at least 75% of the individuals with EDs reported shape and eating concerns, and increased thinking about exercising. However, the pooled analyses of longitudinal studies showed no significant differences from pre-pandemic levels to the first lockdown phase in Body Mass Index and ED symptoms, whereas only few studies suggested increased distress, particularly among individuals with anorexia nervosa. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of individuals with EDs and obesity reported symptomatic worsening during the lockdown. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to identify vulnerable groups, as well as the long-term consequences of COVID-19.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Estudos Transversais , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2
10.
Psychol Med ; 50(11): 1761-1782, 2020 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32624020

RESUMO

The association between childhood adversity (CA) and psychosis has been extensively investigated in recent years. An increasing body of research has also focused on the mediating or moderating role of biological and psychological mechanisms, as well as other risk factors that might account for the link between CA and psychosis. We conducted a systematic search of the PsychINFO, Embase, Ovid, and Web of Science databases for original articles investigating the role of genetic vulnerabilities, environmental factors, psychological and psychopathological mechanisms in the association between CA and psychosis up to August 2019. We included studies with individuals at different stages of the psychosis continuum, from subclinical psychotic experiences to diagnosed disorders. From the 28 944 records identified, a total of 121 studies were included in this review. Only 26% of the studies identified met the criteria for methodological robustness. Overall, the current evidence suggests that CA may be associated with psychosis largely independently of genetic vulnerabilities. More consistent and robust evidence supports interaction between early and recent adversities, as well as the mediating role of attachment and mood symptoms, which is suggestive of an affective pathway between CA and psychosis across the continuum from subclinical experiences to diagnosable disorder. This review highlighted numerous methodological issues with the existing literature, including selection bias, heterogeneity of measurement instruments utilised, and lack of control for potential confounders. Future research should address these limitations to more accurately estimate mediation and moderation effects on the CA-psychosis association to inform the development of preventive interventions.


Assuntos
Adultos Sobreviventes de Eventos Adversos na Infância/psicologia , Experiências Adversas da Infância , Modificador do Efeito Epidemiológico , Transtornos Psicóticos/etiologia , Interação Gene-Ambiente , Humanos
11.
J Dual Diagn ; 16(1): 22-42, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31647377

RESUMO

Objective: This review discusses the relationship between cannabis use and psychotic, bipolar, depressive, and anxiety disorders, as well as suicide. It summarizes epidemiological evidence from cross-sectional and long-term prospective studies and considers possible etiological mechanisms. Methods: Systematic reviews and methodologically robust studies in the field (from inception to February 2019) were identified using a comprehensive search of Medline, PsychINFO, and Embase and summarized using a narrative synthesis. Results: Consistent evidence, both from observational and experimental studies, has confirmed the important role of cannabis use in the initiation and persistence of psychotic disorders. The size of the effect is related to the extent of cannabis use, with greater risk for early cannabis use and use of high-potency varieties and synthetic cannabinoids. Accumulating evidence suggests that frequent cannabis use also increases the risk for mania as well as for suicide. However, the effect on depression is less clear and findings on anxiety are contradictory with only a few methodologically robust studies. Furthermore, the relationship with common mental disorders may involve reverse causality, as depression and anxiety are reported to lead to greater cannabis consumption in some studies. Pathogenetic mechanisms focus on the effect of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, the main psychoactive ingredient of cannabis) interacting with genetic predisposition and perhaps other environmental risk factors. Cannabidiol (CBD), the other important ingredient of traditional cannabis, ameliorates the psychotogenic effects of THC but is absent from the high-potency varieties that are increasingly available. Conclusions: The evidence that heavy use of high-THC/low-CBD types of cannabis increases the risk of psychosis is sufficiently strong to merit public health education. Evidence of similar but smaller effects in mania and suicide is growing, but is not convincing for depression and anxiety. There is much current interest in the possibility that CBD may be therapeutically useful.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade , Transtorno Bipolar , Moduladores de Receptores de Canabinoides/efeitos adversos , Transtorno Depressivo , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Uso da Maconha/efeitos adversos , Psicoses Induzidas por Substâncias , Suicídio , Transtornos de Ansiedade/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos de Ansiedade/genética , Transtorno Bipolar/induzido quimicamente , Transtorno Bipolar/genética , Transtorno Depressivo/induzido quimicamente , Transtorno Depressivo/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença/etiologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Humanos , Psicoses Induzidas por Substâncias/etiologia , Psicoses Induzidas por Substâncias/genética
12.
J Pers Assess ; 102(5): 689-701, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31012744

RESUMO

Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) is an extensive fantasy activity that replaces human interaction and interferes with work and interpersonal functioning. In this study, we investigated the nomological network of the MD construct and examined the psychometric properties of the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale (MDS-16) in an Italian sample. The MDS-16 is a self-report measure composed of 16 items designed to assess MD. Participants in this study were 468 individuals (333 volunteers, 56.8% female; 135 self-diagnosed maladaptive daydreamers, 78.5% female) between 18 and 56 years of age. MDS-16 scores showed good internal reliability. An exploratory factor analysis suggested a 2-factor solution (interference with life and sensory-motor retreat); this solution was consistent with theory, and all items loaded in the expected direction. MDS-16 scores were associated with global psychopathology, traumatic experiences, maladaptive personality features, alexithymia, dissociation, shame feelings, and anxious attachment styles. Furthermore, MDS-16 scores showed satisfactory incremental validity, and a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that a cutoff value of 51 best discriminates between cases and noncases of self-diagnosed MD. Results suggest that the scale is a suitable measure for assessing MD in Italian samples.


Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Sintomas Comportamentais/diagnóstico , Fantasia , Psicometria/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria/instrumentação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Autorrelato/normas , Adulto Jovem
13.
J Trauma Dissociation ; 21(5): 585-593, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32396059

RESUMO

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Dissociative Symptoms Scale (DSS) among Italian adults from outpatient and community samples. The DSS is a self-report measure of clinically relevant dissociation in adults. An Italian translation of the DSS was administered with measures of lifetime traumatic experiences, psychoform dissociation, and somatoform dissociation to 175 psychiatric outpatients and 423 individuals from the community. The DSS scores for outpatient and community adults were significantly different and showed good internal reliability, good convergent and construct validity, and a four-factor structure (depersonalization and derealization, gaps in awareness and memory, sensory misperceptions, and cognitive and behavioral reexperiencing) that was consistent with findings from previous research. Therefore, our results support previous research showing that the DSS can be used as a screening measure to assess clinically relevant dissociative experiences.


Assuntos
Transtornos Dissociativos , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Adulto , Transtornos Dissociativos/diagnóstico , Humanos , Itália , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
14.
Health Psychol Res ; 12: 122543, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39228864

RESUMO

Background: This study aimed to investigate the mediation role of reflective functioning (i.e., certainty and uncertainty about mental states) in the relationship between insecure attachment (i.e., attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety ) and the severity of prolonged grief symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 329 bereaved participants (51.7% females, mean age= 46.94 ± 14.62 years). Participants completed the Prolonged Grief Scale (PG-13), the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), and the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ). Demographic and bereavement-related information were also collected. Results: Certainty about mental states fully mediated the relationship between both the attachment avoidance and attachement anxiety and severity of prolonged grief symptoms. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that reflective functioning impairment, specifically certainty about mental states of self and others, mediate the paths from insecure attachment to prolonged grief symptoms. This suggests that improving reflective functioning may contribute to the treatment bereaved individuals at risk of PGD.

15.
Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ ; 14(10): 2735-2753, 2024 Oct 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39452175

RESUMO

There is evidence that anxiety and avoidance toward close relationships (i.e., insecure attachment orientations), as well as posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs), are linked to a poor quality of life. The current study aimed to investigate the potential mediating effects of PTSSs on the associations between insecure attachment orientations and domains of quality of life. A convenience sample of 497 adults (375 females, 75.5%), ranging in age between 18 and 65 years old (M = 32.48, SD = 13.26), was recruited. Participants were administered self-report instruments assessing attachment anxiety and avoidance, PTSSs, and domains of quality of life, including physical health, psychological status, social relationships, and environment. A series of mediation analyses were performed to test the mediating role of PTSSs in the relationships between attachment orientations and domains of quality of life. Results showed that attachment anxiety was related to decreased levels of quality of life in all domains, and that their associations were mediated by PTSSs. Also, attachment avoidance was related to a worse quality of psychological status and social relationships, and PTSSs were a significant mediating variable in these associations. Prevention programs and clinical interventions focused on promoting effective strategies for managing distress might be critical in reducing the impact of distressing events on the quality of life of individuals with insecure attachment.

16.
Psychiatry Res ; 333: 115712, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38219350

RESUMO

Both interpersonal trauma (IPT) and substance use are linked to mental health problems, however their interplay is understudied. This study will investigate the relationship between IPT, substance use and mental health in a large population-based sample. Participants included 3756 individuals, mainly young university students using a snowball sampling method. History of IPT was collected retrospectively using the Traumatic Experiences Checklist. Substance use was examined using the World Health Organization's Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Mental health symptoms were assessed by the DSM-5 Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure. Moderation analyses were performed investigating the relationship between IPT, substance use, and mental health symptoms. Participants exposed to IPT had a higher prevalence of substance use (cannabis, alcohol, tobacco) and had more severe mental health problems than people without IPT. Substance use was associated with a blunted increase of depression, anxiety, and anger in trauma victims. A history of abuse was more strongly linked to substance use than neglect. Moderation analyses further revealed that cannabis use increased psychotic symptoms and psychotic symptoms increased cannabis use in participants with high levels of IPT. Our findings indicate that substance use worsens psychotic symptoms in IPT victims whilst dampening other mental health symptoms.


Assuntos
Transtornos Psicóticos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Saúde Mental , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transtornos Psicóticos/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Fumar/epidemiologia
17.
Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ ; 14(9): 2523-2541, 2024 Sep 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39329835

RESUMO

Emerging adulthood represents a critical stage characterized by heightened risks for anxiety, depression, and somatization symptoms development. Research has shown that difficulties in emotional identification, expression, and processing, as well as dysfunctional parenting styles, may exacerbate symptoms in emerging adults. The present study aimed at examining the interplay between mentalized affectivity (i.e., emotional identification, processing, and expression), helicopter parenting, and psychopathological risk in 913 Italian cisgender emerging adults (M = 24.34, SD = 2.81; 71.20% assigned female at birth), using network analysis. The results indicated moderate to strong associations between psychopathological symptoms, with emotional processing difficulties significantly associated with general anxiety, depression, and, to a lesser extent, somatization. Additionally, increased degrees of helicopter parenting from mothers were linked to increased psychopathology and higher emotional processing difficulties. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing the interconnection between symptoms and emotional processing to prevent and treat psychopathological risks in emerging adults. Moreover, interventions targeting intrusive and overprotecting parenting behaviors may promote well-being among emerging adults.

18.
Transl Psychiatry ; 14(1): 454, 2024 Oct 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39461938

RESUMO

Childhood adversity is associated with various clinical dimensions in psychosis; however, how genetic vulnerability shapes the adversity-associated psychopathological signature is yet to be studied. We studied data of 583 First Episode Psychosis (FEP) cases from the EU-GEI FEP case-control study, including Polygenic risk scores for major depressive disorder (MDD-PRS), bipolar disorder (BD-PRS) and schizophrenia (SZ-PRS); childhood adversity measured with the total score of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ); and positive, negative, depressive and manic psychopathological domains from a factor model of transdiagnostic dimensions. Genes and environment interactions were explored as a departure from a multiplicative effect of PRSs and total CTQ on each dimension. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, 10 PCA, site of recruitment and for medication. A childhood adversity and PRS multiplicative interaction was observed between A) the CTQ and MDD-PRS on the predominance of positive (ß = 0.42, 95% CI = [0.155, 0.682], p = 0.004); and depressive (ß = 0.33, 95% CI = [0.071, 0.591], p = 0.013) dimensions; B) between the CTQ and BD-PRS on the positive dimension (ß = 0.45, 95% CI = [0.106, 0.798], p = 0.010), and C) with the CTQ and SZ-PRS on the positive dimension (ß = -0.34, 95% CI = [-0.660, -0.015], p = 0.040). Bonferroni corrected p-value of significance was set at 0.0125. In conclusion, despite being underpowered, this study suggests that genetic liability for MDD and BD may have a moderating effect on the sensibility of childhood adversity on depressive and positive psychotic dimensions. This supports the hypothesis of an affective pathway to psychosis in those exposed to childhood adversity.


Assuntos
Experiências Adversas da Infância , Transtorno Bipolar , Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Herança Multifatorial , Transtornos Psicóticos , Esquizofrenia , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Transtornos Psicóticos/genética , Transtornos Psicóticos/psicologia , Experiências Adversas da Infância/psicologia , Adulto , Transtorno Bipolar/genética , Transtorno Bipolar/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Esquizofrenia/genética , Adulto Jovem , Interação Gene-Ambiente , Adolescente , Fatores de Risco , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estratificação de Risco Genético
19.
Nutrients ; 15(16)2023 Aug 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37630798

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the prevalence of feeding and eating disorder (FED) symptoms or dysfunctional eating behaviours (DEB) in the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHOD: We searched eligible articles in biomedical databases from 1 January 2020 to 31 March 2022. Prevalence rates of FED or DEB changes between pre-pandemic and pandemic time and correlation with psychological distress were pooled with a meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was tested using I-squared (I2) statistics. A total of 186 studies with 406,076 participants met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: The more prevalent FED or DEB during the COVID-19 outbreak were: body image concerns (52%, 95% CI 0.38, 0.66), binge eating (40%, 95% CI 0.25, 0.55), and overeating (40%, 95% CI = 0.32-0.48). Pooled data of longitudinal studies (k = 8) only showed a significant difference in the prevalence of weight gain from pre-pandemic to the pandemic time. Finally, increased levels of psychological distress (k = 35) positively correlated with some ED symptoms. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis evidenced a negative impact of the pandemic on eating symptoms and DEB in the general population.


Assuntos
Transtorno da Compulsão Alimentar , COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Imagem Corporal , Comportamento Alimentar
20.
Schizophr Bull ; 49(2): 285-296, 2023 03 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36107860

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Despite the accepted link between childhood adversity (CA) and psychotic disorders, evidence on the relationship between CA and poor functional outcome remains less consistent and has never been reviewed quantitatively. The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically examine the association between CA and functional outcomes in people with psychotic disorders. STUDY DESIGN: The study protocol was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021254201). A search was conducted across EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Libraries (CENTRAL) using search terms related to psychosis; CA (general, sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect); and functional outcomes (social, occupational, and general functioning [GF]). We conducted random-effects models, sensitivity and heterogeneity analyses, meta-regressions, and we assessed quality. STUDY RESULTS: Our meta-analysis comprised 35 studies, including 10 568 cases with psychosis. General CA was negatively associated with GF (28 studies; r = -0.109, 95%CI = -0.161 to -0.05, P < .001), with greater effects in prospective data (10 studies; r = -0.151, 95% CI = -0.236 to -0.063, P = .001). General CA was also associated with social functioning (r = -0.062, 95% CI = -0.120 to -0.004, P = .018) but not occupational outcomes. All CA subtypes except sexual abuse were significantly associated with GF, with emotional and physical neglect showing the largest magnitudes of effect (ranging from r = -0.199 to r = -0.250). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis provides evidence for a negative association between general CA, specific subtypes, and general and social functional outcomes in people with psychosis.


Assuntos
Experiências Adversas da Infância , Transtornos Psicóticos , Humanos , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Transtornos Psicóticos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/psicologia , Emoções , Ajustamento Social
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