[Morphometric features of breast cancer cells in the evaluation of the degree of tumor differentiation]. / Morfometricheskie osobennosti kletok raka molochnoi zhelezy v otsenke stepeni differentsirovki opukholi.

Morphometric study of the cell and nucleus surface as well as nucleus-cytoplasmatic ratio are performed in 80 patients with mammary carcinoma using a Soviet cytoanalyzer "Integral-2MT". Highly differentiated carcinomas are characterized by a domination (61.3%) of small nuclei (up to 120 microns 2). Moderately differentiated carcinomas are polymorphic by their composition: 43.3% nuclei up to 120 microns 2, 39.3% from 120 to 160 microns 2, remaining nuclei are of a large size. Poorly differentiated carcinomas are even more polymorphic due to high percentage of large nuclei--from 140 to 200 microns 2 and larger representing 46.5% cells. The analysis of nuclear size distribution allows estimation of the degree of cell differentiation in the tumour.

[Immediate intraoperative cytological diagnosis of tumors of the ovaries]. / Srochnaia suboperatsionnaia tsitologicheskaia diagnostika opukholei iaichnikov.

Suboperative cytological examination of 86 neoplastic and 4 non-tumor lesions of the ovaries was performed. Phase-contrast, supravital and luminescent microscopy and stained smears from different parts of excised tumor were used simultaneously. Ovarian tumors were shown to have definite cytomorphological features which permit identification of benign and malignant tumors and, in most cases, their histological pattern, too. Three degrees of proliferation of epithelium in serous cystadenoma that require different clinical approach, were distinguished. Correct diagnosis was established in 92.2% of cases. This figure amounted to 95.5% (67 patients) in the benign tumor group, while diagnostic errors were made in 4.5% of cases. In the malignancy group those figures were 91.3 and 8.6%, respectively. Suboperative cytological examination can be carried out within 7-10 minutes; it allows to avoid errors in specimen preparation and is of high diagnostic value.

[Objective cytological criteria in assessing the degree of the differentiation of breast cancer cells]. / Ob''ektivizatsiia tsitologicheskikh kriteriev v otsenke stepeni differentsirovki kletok raka molochnoi zhelezy.

Quantitative assessment of basic cytological and some morphometric parameters in punctates obtained from 98 cases of breast cancer showed well-differentiated tumors to have fairly small (126.7 microns 2) nuclei (63.1% of cells), a relatively small number of hyperchromatic and "bare" nuclei (29.6% each) and large nucleoli in the nucleus (9.6%); cell clusters prevailed (coefficient--2.56). Moderately differentiated tumor revealed a wider range of nucleus size, less clustering (coefficient--3.59) and more hyperchromatic (70.1%) and "bare" (49.4%) nuclei and large nucleoli (22.2%). Poorly differentiated carcinomas appeared even more pleomorphic due to increased number of cells (46.5%) containing large (140-260 microns 2) nuclei. The coefficient of clustering was 3.99 whereas the percentage of hyperchromatic and "bare" nuclei and large nucleoli-69.7, 52.1 and 17.4. The above figures may be used to evaluate the degree of tumor cell differentiation in individual patient.

[Aggressive fibromatosis of the small pelvis]. / Agressivnyi fibromatoz polosti malogo taza.

Experience in the treatment of 25 patients with aggressive fibromatosis of the true pelvis is discussed. To establish a precise diagnosis obligatory and special methods of examination were applied. Secondary changes in the adjacent organs and structures were found in 24 patients. Radical operations were conducted on 19 (76%) patients, in 13 of them the interventions were combined. The mean duration of the operations was 5.3 hours. Complications developed in 17 out of 19 patients. Hemorrhage was the most frequent (in 12 out of 19 patients) and menacing complication. The blood loss was 3036.8 ml on the average. Recurrences were registered in 8 out of 19 (42.1%) patients.

[Cytologic diagnosis of non-organ neoplasms in the small pelvis]. / Tsitologicheskaia diagnostika neorgannykh novoobrazovanii malogo taza.

Puncture biopsy specimens from 165 patients, 93 of these children, were examined to elucidate the potentialities and specific features of the diagnosis of inorganic neoplasms in the small pelvis. Cytologic diagnosis has proved to be a rational and sufficiently informative method, permitting a correct recognition of the process type in 83.6 percent of cases. Malignant tumors were correctly diagnosed in 94.1 percent of cases, benign and inflammatory processes in 45.6 percent. In the children teratoblastomas, neuroblastomas, and unclassified sarcomas predominated.

[Objectivization of the cytologic signs of changes in the bronchial epithelium in cancer and noncancerous diseases of the lungs]. / Ob"ektivizatsiia tsitologicheskih priznakov izmenenii bronkhial'nogo épiteliia pri rake i nerakovykh zabolevaniiakh legkikh.

The cytologic and histologic material from 150 patients and specimens of their 450 bronchi have been analyzed to define the cytological, cytochemical, and histochemical parameters of changes in the bronchial epithelium in pulmonary carcinoma and non-cancer diseases. The data have been statistically processed. Staining according to Pappenheim, Papanicolau (modified by Soviet authors), with hematoxylin-eosin, Brachet's and Feulgen's tests, and detection of mucus and PAS-positive substances according to MacManus and Meyer have been employed in the study. Informative morphofunctional signs on the cytological and histochemical level have been distinguished, that may be used for the differential diagnosis between pulmonary carcinoma and non-cancer diseases.