RESUMO
Depression is a common disorder in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and some data support its relationship with functional capacity and quality of life. However, to date, this has not been evaluated systematically or through meta-analysis. We sought to investigate the relationship of quality of life and functional capacity with depressive disorder in patients with CKD on hemodialysis. This systematic review considered studies published up to 2021 and included cross-sectional and cohort studies. PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane (CENTRAL) databases were used to search for studies. The New Castle-Ottawa Quality Assessment scale was used to measure the quality of the studies. A total of 4,626 studies were found and, after applying the selection criteria, 16 studies (2,175 patients) remained for qualitative analysis and 10 for meta-analysis (1,484 patients). The physical component summary (MD=-6.563; 95%CI: -9.702 to -3.424) and mental component summary (MD=-18.760; 95%CI: -28.641 to -8.879) were lower in depressive patients, as in all Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36) domains. Only one study provided data regarding functional capacity, but it was not evaluated by the defined outcome measure. Twelve studies were classified as "moderate quality" (5 to 6 stars) and four were classified as "low-quality" (0 to 4 stars). This meta-analysis with CKD patients on hemodialysis showed a negative relationship between depression and quality of life, with worsening in all physical and mental domains of the SF-36 in depressed patients.
Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Diálise Renal , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapiaRESUMO
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by endothelial dysfunction that causes micro- and macrovascular complications. Low intensity therapeutic ultrasound (LITUS) may improve endothelial function, but its effects have not been investigated in these patients. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of pulsed (PUT) and continuous (CUT) waveforms of LITUS on the endothelium-dependent vasodilation of T2DM patients. The present randomized crossover trial had a sample of twenty-three patients (7 men) diagnosed with T2DM, 55.6 (±9.1) years old, with a body mass index of 28.6 (±3.3) kg/m2. All patients were randomized and submitted to different waveforms (Placebo, CUT, and PUT) of LITUS and the arterial endothelial function was evaluated. The LITUS of 1 MHz was applied in pulsed (PUT: 20% duty cycle, 0.08 W/cm2 SATA), continuous (CUT: 0.4 W/cm2 SPTA), and Placebo (equipment off) types of waves during 5 min on the brachial artery. Endothelial function was evaluated using the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) technique. PUT (mean difference 2.08%, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 3.51) and CUT (mean difference 2.32%, 95% confidence interval 0.89 to 3.74) increased the %FMD compared to Placebo. In the effect size analysis, PUT (d=0.65) and CUT (d=0.65) waveforms presented moderate effects in the %FMD compared to Placebo. The vasodilator effect was similar in the different types of waves. Pulsed and continuous waveforms of LITUS of 1 MHz improved the arterial endothelial function in T2DM patients.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Terapia por Ultrassom , Masculino , Humanos , Vasodilatação , Terapia por Ultrassom/métodos , Endotélio Vascular , Vasodilatadores/farmacologia , Vasodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Artéria Braquial/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Microalbuminuria in Type 2 diabetes is associated with arterial endothelial dysfunction, but the venous bed was never evaluated. AIM: To study the endothelial function in the venous and arterial bed in patients with Type 2 diabetes with normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated 28 patients with Type 2 diabetes, glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) <7.5%, who were classified as normo- (albuminuria <30 mg/24 h; no.=16) or microalbuminuric (albuminuria 30-300 mg/24 h; no.=12). Venous and arterial endothelial function were assessed by the dorsal hand vein technique (venodilation by acetylcholine) and brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation, respectively. RESULTS: Patients were normotensive (systolic arterial pressure: 131.1±10.6 mmHg) and on good metabolic control (HbA(1c): 6.6±0.6%). Microalbuminuric patients presented impaired venous (32.9±17.4 vs 59.3±26.5%; p=0.004) and arterial vasodilation (1.8±0.9 vs 5.1±2.4; p<0.001), as compared to normoalbuminuric patients. There was a negative correlation between acetylcholine-induced venodilation and albuminuria (r=-0.62; p<0.001) and HbA(1c) (r=-0.41; p=0.032). The same was observed between flow mediated arterial vasodilation and albuminuria (r=-0.49; p=0.007) and HbA(1c) (r=-0.44; p=0.019). Venous and arterial vasodilation was positively correlated (r=0.50; p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Both venous and arterial endothelial function are impaired in Type 2 microalbuminuric diabetics, in spite of good metabolic control, suggesting that other factors are involved in its pathogenesis.
Assuntos
Albuminúria/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Angiopatias Diabéticas/complicações , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Idoso , Albuminúria/epidemiologia , Albuminúria/fisiopatologia , Artéria Braquial/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Braquial/fisiopatologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Angiopatias Diabéticas/diagnóstico , Angiopatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Angiopatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Cardiovascular , Feminino , Mãos/irrigação sanguínea , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional , Ultrassonografia , Vasodilatação/fisiologia , Veias/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Depression is a common disorder in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and some data support its relationship with functional capacity and quality of life. However, to date, this has not been evaluated systematically or through meta-analysis. We sought to investigate the relationship of quality of life and functional capacity with depressive disorder in patients with CKD on hemodialysis. This systematic review considered studies published up to 2021 and included cross-sectional and cohort studies. PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane (CENTRAL) databases were used to search for studies. The New Castle-Ottawa Quality Assessment scale was used to measure the quality of the studies. A total of 4,626 studies were found and, after applying the selection criteria, 16 studies (2,175 patients) remained for qualitative analysis and 10 for meta-analysis (1,484 patients). The physical component summary (MD=-6.563; 95%CI: −9.702 to −3.424) and mental component summary (MD=-18.760; 95%CI: −28.641 to −8.879) were lower in depressive patients, as in all Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36) domains. Only one study provided data regarding functional capacity, but it was not evaluated by the defined outcome measure. Twelve studies were classified as "moderate quality" (5 to 6 stars) and four were classified as "low-quality" (0 to 4 stars). This meta-analysis with CKD patients on hemodialysis showed a negative relationship between depression and quality of life, with worsening in all physical and mental domains of the SF-36 in depressed patients.
RESUMO
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by endothelial dysfunction that causes micro- and macrovascular complications. Low intensity therapeutic ultrasound (LITUS) may improve endothelial function, but its effects have not been investigated in these patients. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of pulsed (PUT) and continuous (CUT) waveforms of LITUS on the endothelium-dependent vasodilation of T2DM patients. The present randomized crossover trial had a sample of twenty-three patients (7 men) diagnosed with T2DM, 55.6 (±9.1) years old, with a body mass index of 28.6 (±3.3) kg/m2. All patients were randomized and submitted to different waveforms (Placebo, CUT, and PUT) of LITUS and the arterial endothelial function was evaluated. The LITUS of 1 MHz was applied in pulsed (PUT: 20% duty cycle, 0.08 W/cm2 SATA), continuous (CUT: 0.4 W/cm2 SPTA), and Placebo (equipment off) types of waves during 5 min on the brachial artery. Endothelial function was evaluated using the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) technique. PUT (mean difference 2.08%, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 3.51) and CUT (mean difference 2.32%, 95% confidence interval 0.89 to 3.74) increased the %FMD compared to Placebo. In the effect size analysis, PUT (d=0.65) and CUT (d=0.65) waveforms presented moderate effects in the %FMD compared to Placebo. The vasodilator effect was similar in the different types of waves. Pulsed and continuous waveforms of LITUS of 1 MHz improved the arterial endothelial function in T2DM patients.
RESUMO
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a type of therapy used primarily for analgesia, but also presents changes in the cardiovascular system responses; its effects are dependent upon application parameters. Alterations to the cardiovascular system suggest that TENS may modify venous vascular response. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of TENS at different frequencies (10 and 100 Hz) on venous vascular reactivity in healthy subjects. Twenty-nine healthy male volunteers were randomized into three groups: placebo (n=10), low-frequency TENS (10 Hz, n=9) and high-frequency TENS (100 Hz, n=10). TENS was applied for 30 min in the nervous plexus trajectory from the superior member (from cervical to dorsal region of the fist) at low (10 Hz/200 µs) and high frequency (100 Hz/200 µs) with its intensity adjusted below the motor threshold and intensified every 5 min, intending to avoid accommodation. Venous vascular reactivity in response to phenylephrine, acetylcholine (endothelium-dependent) and sodium nitroprusside (endothelium-independent) was assessed by the dorsal hand vein technique. The phenylephrine effective dose to achieve 70% vasoconstriction was reduced 53% (P<0.01) using low-frequency TENS (10 Hz), while in high-frequency stimulation (100 Hz), a 47% increased dose was needed (P<0.01). The endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and independent (sodium nitroprusside) responses were not modified by TENS, which modifies venous responsiveness, and increases the low-frequency sensitivity of α1-adrenergic receptors and shows high-frequency opposite effects. These changes represent an important vascular effect caused by TENS with implications for hemodynamics, inflammation and analgesia.
Assuntos
Acetilcolina/farmacologia , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/farmacologia , Mãos/irrigação sanguínea , Nitroprussiato/farmacologia , Fenilefrina/farmacologia , Estimulação Elétrica Nervosa Transcutânea/métodos , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Glicemia , Colesterol/sangue , Contagem de Eritrócitos , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Masculino , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Ureia/sangue , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasoconstritores/farmacologia , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasodilatadores/farmacologia , Veias/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
We evaluated the functional activity of Haemophilus influenzae B (Hib) antibodies elicited in a group of infants immunized with the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine combined with an Hib vaccine produced totally in Brazil after technological transfer of Hib vaccine production from Glaxo SmithKline, Belgium. Blood samples from immunized infants (N = 985) were collected for the determination of Hib antibodies. Total Ig and IgM and IgG subclasses of antibodies against polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) were analyzed by ELISA. Almost all vaccinees (97.56%, 961/985) developed a strong anti-PRP IgG antibody response (>or=1.0 microg/mL), while an anti-PRP IgM response was observed in 64.24% (634/985) of them (>or=0.15 microg/mL). Only 18.88% (186/985) of the infants in the group with high PRP antibody IgG concentrations (>or=1.0 microg/mL) developed a high IgM antibody response. Anti-PRP IgG antibody levels were significantly higher than anti-PRP IgM. These results demonstrate the predominance of IgG antibodies over IgM antibodies in response to PRP, with a ratio of 17:1. IgG antibodies were predominantly of the IgG1 subclass. An increase in IgG avidity was also observed during the course of immunization.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Afinidade de Anticorpos/imunologia , Cápsulas Bacterianas/imunologia , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/imunologia , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus/imunologia , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Método Duplo-Cego , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/imunologia , Lactente , Polissacarídeos/imunologia , Vacinas Conjugadas/imunologiaRESUMO
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a type of therapy used primarily for analgesia, but also presents changes in the cardiovascular system responses; its effects are dependent upon application parameters. Alterations to the cardiovascular system suggest that TENS may modify venous vascular response. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of TENS at different frequencies (10 and 100 Hz) on venous vascular reactivity in healthy subjects. Twenty-nine healthy male volunteers were randomized into three groups: placebo (n=10), low-frequency TENS (10 Hz, n=9) and high-frequency TENS (100 Hz, n=10). TENS was applied for 30 min in the nervous plexus trajectory from the superior member (from cervical to dorsal region of the fist) at low (10 Hz/200 μs) and high frequency (100 Hz/200 μs) with its intensity adjusted below the motor threshold and intensified every 5 min, intending to avoid accommodation. Venous vascular reactivity in response to phenylephrine, acetylcholine (endothelium-dependent) and sodium nitroprusside (endothelium-independent) was assessed by the dorsal hand vein technique. The phenylephrine effective dose to achieve 70% vasoconstriction was reduced 53% (P<0.01) using low-frequency TENS (10 Hz), while in high-frequency stimulation (100 Hz), a 47% increased dose was needed (P<0.01). The endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and independent (sodium nitroprusside) responses were not modified by TENS, which modifies venous responsiveness, and increases the low-frequency sensitivity of α1-adrenergic receptors and shows high-frequency opposite effects. These changes represent an important vascular effect caused by TENS with implications for hemodynamics, inflammation and analgesia.
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Acetilcolina/farmacologia , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/farmacologia , Mãos/irrigação sanguínea , Nitroprussiato/farmacologia , Fenilefrina/farmacologia , Estimulação Elétrica Nervosa Transcutânea/métodos , Análise de Variância , Glicemia , Colesterol/sangue , Contagem de Eritrócitos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Ureia/sangue , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasoconstritores/farmacologia , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasodilatadores/farmacologia , Veias/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The objective of the present study was to determine the acute effect of hemodialysis on endothelial venous function and oxidative stress. We studied 9 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), 36.8 +/- 3.0 years old, arterial pressure 133.8 +/- 6.8/80.0 +/- 5.0 mmHg, time on dialysis 55.0 +/- 16.6 months, immediately before and after a hemodialysis session, and 10 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Endothelial function was assessed by the dorsal hand vein technique using graded local infusion of acetylcholine (endothelium-dependent venodilation, EDV) and sodium nitroprusside (endothelium-independent venodilation). Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring protein oxidative damage (carbonyls) and antioxidant defense (total radical trapping antioxidant potential - TRAP) in blood samples. All patients were receiving recombinant human erythropoietin for at least 3 months and were not taking nitrates or a-receptor antagonists. EDV was significantly lower in ESRD patients before hemodialysis (65.6 +/- 10.5) vs controls (109.6 +/- 10.8; P = 0.010) and after hemodialysis (106.6 +/- 15.7; P = 0.045). Endothelium-independent venodilation was similar in all comparisons performed. The hemodialysis session significantly decreased TRAP (402.0 +/- 53.5 vs 157.1 +/- 28.3 U Trolox/microL plasma; P = 0.001). There was no difference in protein damage comparing ESRD patients before and after hemodialysis. The magnitude of change in the EDV was correlated negatively with the magnitude of change in TRAP (r = -0.70; P = 0.037). These results suggest that a hemodialysis session improves endothelial venous function, in association with an antioxidant effect.
Assuntos
Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Falência Renal Crônica/fisiopatologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , MasculinoRESUMO
We evaluated the functional activity of Haemophilus influenzae B (Hib) antibodies elicited in a group of infants immunized with the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine combined with an Hib vaccine produced totally in Brazil after technological transfer of Hib vaccine production from Glaxo SmithKline, Belgium. Blood samples from immunized infants (N = 985) were collected for the determination of Hib antibodies. Total Ig and IgM and IgG subclasses of antibodies against polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) were analyzed by ELISA. Almost all vaccinees (97.56 percent, 961/985) developed a strong anti-PRP IgG antibody response (¡Ý1.0 ¦Ìg/mL), while an anti-PRP IgM response was observed in 64.24 percent (634/985) of them (¡Ý0.15 ¦Ìg/mL). Only 18.88 percent (186/985) of the infants in the group with high PRP antibody IgG concentrations (¡Ý1.0 ¦Ìg/mL) developed a high IgM antibody response. Anti-PRP IgG antibody levels were significantly higher than anti-PRP IgM. These results demonstrate the predominance of IgG antibodies over IgM antibodies in response to PRP, with a ratio of 17:1. IgG antibodies were predominantly of the IgG1 subclass. An increase in IgG avidity was also observed during the course of immunization.
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Afinidade de Anticorpos/imunologia , Cápsulas Bacterianas/imunologia , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/imunologia , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus/imunologia , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Método Duplo-Cego , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Seguimentos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/imunologia , Polissacarídeos/imunologia , Vacinas Conjugadas/imunologiaRESUMO
The objective of the present study was to determine the acute effect of hemodialysis on endothelial venous function and oxidative stress. We studied 9 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), 36.8 ± 3.0 years old, arterial pressure 133.8 ± 6.8/80.0 ± 5.0 mmHg, time on dialysis 55.0 ± 16.6 months, immediately before and after a hemodialysis session, and 10 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Endothelial function was assessed by the dorsal hand vein technique using graded local infusion of acetylcholine (endothelium-dependent venodilation, EDV) and sodium nitroprusside (endothelium-independent venodilation). Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring protein oxidative damage (carbonyls) and antioxidant defense (total radical trapping antioxidant potential - TRAP) in blood samples. All patients were receiving recombinant human erythropoietin for at least 3 months and were not taking nitrates or a-receptor antagonists. EDV was significantly lower in ESRD patients before hemodialysis (65.6 ± 10.5) vs controls (109.6 ± 10.8; P = 0.010) and after hemodialysis (106.6 ± 15.7; P = 0.045). Endothelium-independent venodilation was similar in all comparisons performed. The hemodialysis session significantly decreased TRAP (402.0 ± 53.5 vs 157.1 ± 28.3 U Trolox/µL plasma; P = 0.001). There was no difference in protein damage comparing ESRD patients before and after hemodialysis. The magnitude of change in the EDV was correlated negatively with the magnitude of change in TRAP (r = -0.70; P = 0.037). These results suggest that a hemodialysis session improves endothelial venous function, in association with an antioxidant effect.