Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs in a rural area of Santa Catarina, Brazil.

We investigated the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs in rural areas of the municipality of Painel, Santa Catarina, Brazil. For this, 91 canine feces samples were collected from 82 farms between August, 2017 and January, 2018. These fecal materials were processed using the techniques of spontaneous sedimentation, centrifugation-floatation in zinc sulfate and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. A questionnaire in the form of an interview was administered to the dogs' owner and information about the farm and the main care provided for the dogs was obtained. Among 91 sampled dogs, 27 (29.7%) were positive for at least one parasite species. Ancylostoma was the most prevalent genus (16.5%), followed by Giardia duodenalis (14.3%), Trichuris vulpis (6.6%), Toxocara canis (5.5%), Entamoeba spp. (4.8%), Cryptosporidium spp. (3.3%) and Taeniidae (1.1%). Most dogs do not receive veterinarian care and rarely received antiparasitic treatment. They were free to roam and had free access to animal remains and garbage, which was reflected in the significant associations with the occurrence of parasites that were found. We conclude that rural dogs harbor gastrointestinal parasites, but that their owners are unaware of the risks that these parasites can bring to human health.

Immune humoral response of young lambs naturally infested by Oestrus ovis (Diptera: Oestridae).

Twenty-six newborn lambs were evaluated for 21 weeks, from birth to slaughter, to assess their plasma anti-Oestrus ovis immunoglobulin (IgG) using the ELISA technique. On the last day of sampling, all the lambs were slaughtered and O. ovis larvae were recovered, quantified and identified according to the larval stage. High levels of IgG were observed over the first three weeks of life, thus indicating that antibodies are transferred via colostrum from ewes to lambs. Afterwards, the antibody levels declined progressively until the lambs were 11 weeks of age and subsequently started to increase again when they were around 13 weeks of age, reaching the apex on the last week of sampling. All the lambs were parasitized with different larval stages of O. ovis, with an average of 39 larvae per lamb, and the intensity of the infestation ranged from 10 to 97 larvae. However, there was non-significant correlation coefficients between IgG levels and O. ovis larval burden (P > 0.05). In conclusion, although the lambs became infested with O. ovis at an early age, the larval burden was not associated with specific IgG levels.

Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs in a rural area of Santa Catarina, Brazil / Ocorrência de parasitas gastrintestinais em cães de área rural de Santa Catarina, Brasil

Abstract We investigated the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs in rural areas of the municipality of Painel, Santa Catarina, Brazil. For this, 91 canine feces samples were collected from 82 farms between August, 2017 and January, 2018. These fecal materials were processed using the techniques of spontaneous sedimentation, centrifugation-floatation in zinc sulfate and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. A questionnaire in the form of an interview was administered to the dogs' owner and information about the farm and the main care provided for the dogs was obtained. Among 91 sampled dogs, 27 (29.7%) were positive for at least one parasite species. Ancylostoma was the most prevalent genus (16.5%), followed by Giardia duodenalis (14.3%), Trichuris vulpis (6.6%), Toxocara canis (5.5%), Entamoeba spp. (4.8%), Cryptosporidium spp. (3.3%) and Taeniidae (1.1%). Most dogs do not receive veterinarian care and rarely received antiparasitic treatment. They were free to roam and had free access to animal remains and garbage, which was reflected in the significant associations with the occurrence of parasites that were found. We conclude that rural dogs harbor gastrointestinal parasites, but that their owners are unaware of the risks that these parasites can bring to human health.

Resumo Foi investigada a ocorrência de parasitos gastrintestinais com potencial zoonótico, em cães de área rural do munícipio de Painel, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Para isso, foram colhidas amostras de fezes de 91 cães de 82 propriedades rurais, no período de agosto de 2017 a janeiro de 2018. Este material fecal foi processado pelas técnicas de sedimentação espontânea, centrífugo-flutuação em sulfato de zinco e coloração pelo Ziehl-Neelsen. Um questionário em forma de entrevista foi aplicado aos tutores dos cães e foram obtidas informações sobre a propriedade rural e principais cuidados com os cães. Entre as 91 amostras de fezes, em 27 (29,7%) foi detectada a presença de parasitos gastrintestinais, sendo Ancylostoma o gênero mais prevalente (15 / 16,5%), seguido por Giardia duodenalis (13 / 14,3%), Trichuris vulpis (6 / 6,6%), Toxocara canis (5 / 5,5%), Entamoeba spp. (4 / 4,8%), Cryptosporidium spp. (3 / 3,3%) e Taeniidae (1 / 1,1%). A maioria dos cães não recebia cuidados veterinários ou antiparasitários. Concluiu-se que os cães de área rural albergam parasitos gastrintestinais, porém seus tutores desconhecem os riscos que esses parasitos podem trazer para a saúde humana.

Efeitos da Intervenção Relaxamento, Imagens Mentais e Espiritualidade em Pacientes com Diagnóstico de Câncer / Effects of the Relaxation, Mental Images and Spirituality Intervention in Patients Diagnosed with Cancer / Efectos de la Intervención Relajación, Imágenes Mentales y Espiritualidad en Pacientes con Diagnóstico de Cáncer

O câncer é considerado uma das principais doenças no mundo, e diversas estratégias vêm sendo utilizadas para amenizar suas consequências negativas. A intervenção Relaxamento, Imagens Mentais e Espiritualidade é um potencial meio para a melhoria do bem-estar dos pacientes. Portanto, o presente estudo objetivou identificar possíveis efeitos dessa intervenção em pacientes acometidos pelo câncer. Assim, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca de artigos ocorreu em agosto de 2020 nas bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, SciELO, PubMed e Google Acadêmico. Os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde estabelecidos foram: "Relaxamento", "Imagens Mentais", "Espiritualidade" e "Câncer", em português e inglês, identificados no título, resumo ou palavras-chave. Foram considerados artigos em português e/ou inglês com texto completo disponível, dissertações e/ou teses, sem limite de ano de publicação. A busca resultou em 948 estudos. Desses, foram descartados: 424 pelos critérios de exclusão, e 500 com base na leitura dos títulos e resumos. Sete estudos foram selecionados para revisão, obtendo-se três categorias finais: transformação da dor simbólica da morte; benefícios no aspecto físico dos pacientes; benefícios no aspecto psicológico dos pacientes. A intervenção Relaxamento, Imagens Mentais e Espiritualidade oferece cuidado integral, sendo considerada benéfica para pacientes oncológicos, mesmo associada aos tratamentos convencionais.

Cancer is considered one of the major diseases in the world, and several strategies have been used to minimize the negative consequences of this disease. The Relaxation, Mental Images and Spirituality intervention is a potential way to improve the patients' well-being. Therefore, this study identifies possible effects of this intervention in oncologic patients. Thus, an integrative literature review was carried out. The search for articles took place in August 2020 in the following databases: Virtual Health Library, SciELO, PubMed and Academic Google. The Health Sciences Descriptors established were: "Relaxation", "Mental Images", "Spirituality" and "Cancer", in Portuguese and English, identified in the title, abstract or keywords. Articles in Portuguese and/or English with available full text, dissertations and/or theses were considered, with no limit on the year of publication. The search resulted in 948 studies. From these, 424 were discarded according to the exclusion criteria, and 500 based on reading of the titles and abstracts. Seven studies were selected for review, obtaining three final categories: transformation of the symbolic pain of death; benefits in the physical aspect of patients; benefits in the psychological aspect of patients. The Relaxation, Mental Images and Spirituality intervention offers comprehensive care, being beneficial for cancer patients, even in association with conventional treatments.

El cáncer es una de las principales enfermedades del mundo y se han utilizado estrategias para paliar consecuencias negativas. La intervención Relajación, Imágenes Mentales y Espiritualidad es un medio para mejorar el bienestar de los pacientes. Así, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar posibles efectos de esta intervención en pacientes oncológicos. Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura, con búsqueda de artículos en agosto de 2020 en las bases de datos: Virtual Health Library, SciELO, PubMed y Academic Google. Los Descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud establecidos: "Relajación", "Imágenes Mentales", "Espiritualidad" y "Cáncer", en portugués e inglés, identificados en el título, resumen o palabras clave. Se consideraron artículos en portugués/inglés con texto completo disponible, disertaciones/tesis, sin límite de año de publicación. La búsqueda resultó en 948 estudios. De estos, 424 se descartaron según los criterios de exclusión y 500 según la lectura de títulos y resúmenes. Se seleccionaron siete estudios para revisión, obteniendo tres categorías finales: transformación del dolor simbólico de la muerte; beneficios en el aspecto físico de los pacientes; beneficios en el aspecto psicológico de los pacientes. La intervención Relajación, Imágenes Mentales y Espiritualidad ofrece atención integral, considerándose beneficiosa para el paciente oncológico, incluso en asociación con tratamientos convencionales.

Incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis detected by PCR in womens endocervical samples in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil / Incidência de Chlamydia trachomatis detectada por PCR em amostras endocervicais de mulheres em Lages, Santa Catarina, Brasil

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the major causative agents of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in men and women, but the greatest impact of infection occurs in the reproductive system of women, causing, among other problems, infertility. Objective: To estimate the incidence of C. trachomatis detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in endocervical samples from women in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted from May to November 2017. Endocervical cell samples were collected from 126 women that receive medical assistance at three primary healthcare units and one gynecology clinic in the city. The samples of endocervical material were evaluated for the diagnosis of C. trachomatis by the PCR technique. Prior to sample collection, a Cancer Information System (SISCAN) standard questionnaire was answered by the participants. Fisher's exact test and chi-square test were used to evaluate the association between infection and the variables of the questionnaire. Results: From the 126 endocervical samples analyzed, 39.7% were positive for C. trachomatis. The average age of the participants was 31.7 years old. From the 118 women who did not show changes in the cervix, 43 were positive for C. trachomatis, which reinforces the asymptomatic character of the infection. There was no significant association between endocervical infection by C. trachomatis and age, use of contraceptive pill, time of last pap test and signs of STI. Conclusion: The incidence of C. trachomatis infection in the endocervical samples from these women can be considered high, which emphasizes the importance of measures designed to clarify and prevent this important STI.

RESUMEN Introducción: Chlamydia trachomatis es uno de los principales agentes causantes de infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) en hombres y mujeres, pero el mayor impacto de la infección se produce en el aparato reproductor de las mujeres, causando, entre otros problemas, infertilidad. Objetivo: Calcular la incidencia de C. trachomatis detectada por la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en muestras endocervicales de mujeres en Lages, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, cuantitativo, realizado entre mayo y noviembre de 2017, con recolección de material endocervical de 126 mujeres atendidas en tres unidades básicas de salud y en un consultorio ginecológico. Se evaluaron las muestras de material endocervical para diagnóstico de C. trachomatis mediante la técnica de PCR. Todas las participantes respondieron a un cuestionario estándar del Sistema de Información del Cáncer (Siscan ) antes de la recolección de las muestras. Las pruebas exacta de Fisher y de ji cuadrado fueron utilizadas para evaluar la asociación entre la infección y las variables del cuestionario. Resultados: De las 126 muestras endocervicales, el 39,7% fueron positivas para C. trachomatis. Las participantes tenían edad media de 31,7 años. De las 118 mujeres que no presentaron alteraciones en el cuello uterino, 43 fueron positivas para C. trachomatis, lo que refuerza el carácter asintomático de la infección. No hubo asociación significativa entre la infección endocervical por C. trachomatis y edad, uso de anticonceptivo, fecha del último Papanicolaou y señales de ITS. Conclusión: La incidencia de infección por C. trachomatis en el material endocervical de esas mujeres puede ser considerada alta. Eso muestra la importancia de medidas de aclaración y prevención de esa seria ITS.

RESUMO Introdução: Chlamydia trachomatis é um dos principais agentes causadores de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) em homens e mulheres, porém, o maior impacto da infecção ocorre no sistema reprodutivo das mulheres, ocasionando, entre outros problemas, infertilidade. Objetivo: Estimar a incidência de C. trachomatis detectadas pela técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em amostras endocervicais de mulheres em Lages, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo quantitativo, realizado entre maio e novembro de 2017, com coleta de material endocervical de 126 mulheres atendidas em três unidades básicas de saúde e em um consultório médico ginecológico. As amostras de material endocervical foram avaliadas para diagnóstico de C. trachomatis pela técnica da PCR. Todas as participantes responderam a um questionário padrão do Sistema de Informação do Câncer (SISCAN) antes da coleta das amostras. Teste exato de Fischer e qui-quadrado foram utilizados para avaliar a associação entre a infecção e as variáveis do questionário. Resultados: Das 126 amostras endocervicais, 39,7% foram positivas para C. trachomatis. As participantes tinham idade média de 31,7 anos. Das 118 mulheres que não apresentaram alterações no colo do útero, 43 foram positivas para C. trachomatis, o que reforça o caráter assintomático da infecção. Não houve associação significativa entre a infecção endocervical por C. trachomatis e a idade, o uso de anticoncepcional, o tempo do último exame preventivo e os sinais de IST. Conclusão: A incidência de infecção por C. trachomatis no material endocervical dessas mulheres pode ser considerada elevada. Isso mostra a importância de medidas para esclarecimento e prevenção dessa importante IST.

Disposal of animal healthcare services waste in southern Brazil: One Health at risk / Descarte de resíduos de serviços de saúde animal no sul do Brasil: Saúde Única em risco

ABSTRACT Brazilian animal livestock is in full expansion but linked to the use of veterinary drugs which may be considered as emerging contaminants. The study aimed to characterize the disposal of Animal Healthcare Service Waste (AHSW), especially of veterinary drugs, besides identifying the most used drugs in the city of São Joaquim municipality, southern Brazil. Eighty-four cattle ranchers were interviewed through a structured questionnaire with closed questions about drugs use and disposal of the AHSW. The active ingredients of drugs most used were the antiparasitic ivermectin (68% of properties) and the antimicrobial oxytetracycline (48%). After the use, the disposal of the AHSW, including expired drugs, leftovers and wrapper, was the disposal next to the domestic trash, burned and deposited in the soil. The Chi square test showed association between the age of the participants and the disposal of sharp objects (X2 = 36,36, p= 0,020), showing that farmers aged above 60 years usually reuse, the ones who are 20 years old return to the place where they acquired the material and the rest adopts improper practices. The disposal practices of the AHSW adopted in the properties are still in disagreement with the current Brazilian legislation and may cause adverse effects on human, animal and environmental health.

RESUMO A pecuária brasileira está em franca expansão, porém associada ao uso de medicamentos veterinários que podem ser considerados contaminantes emergentes. Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o descarte dos Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde Animal (RSSA), especialmente dos medicamentos veterinários, além de identificar os medicamentos mais usados no município de São Joaquim, Sul do Brasil. Foram entrevistados 84 criadores de gado por meio de questionário estruturado com questões fechadas sobre uso de medicamentos e descarte dos RSSA. Os princípios ativos de medicamentos mais usados foram o antiparasitário ivermectina (68% das propriedades) e o antimicrobiano oxitetraciclina (48%). Após o uso, o descarte dos RSSA foi no resíduo domiciliar, queimado e a depositado no solo. O teste Qui quadrado mostrou associação entre a idade dos participantes e o descarte de perfurocortantes (X2 = 36,36, p= 0,020), evidenciando que agricultores com idade acima de 60 anos costumam reutilizar, aqueles com idade abaixo de 20 anos devolvem no local onde adquirem o material e os demais adotam práticas inadequadas para o descarte. As práticas de descarte dos RSSA adotadas nas propriedades rurais estão em desacordo com a legislação brasileira vigente e podem ocasionar efeitos adversos na saúde humana, animal e ambiental.

Prevalence of Oestrus ovis (Diptera: Oestridae) in sheep from the São Paulo Central region, Brazil.

The heads of 139 slaughtered sheep were examined with the aim of determining Oestrus ovis prevalence and infestation intensity in the central region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Heads from slaughtered sheep were examined and the first (L1), second (L2) and third (L3) O. ovis larval instars were recovered from the nasal and sinus cavities. O. ovis larvae were detected in 13.7% of the sheep analyzed. The monthly mean intensity of infestation ranged from 1 to 10.2 larvae per infested head, with general mean intensity of 4.5 larvae/infested head. Of the total of 85 larvae, 21.2% were L1, 37.6% L2 and 41.2% L3. In conclusion, all different O. ovis larvae instars were recovered from slaughtered animals, which demonstrates the existence of favorable climatic conditions for the fly activity and larval development of O. ovis in sheep raised in the Central region of the State of São Paulo.

Immune humoral response of young lambs naturally infested by Oestrus ovis (Diptera: Oestridae) / Resposta imune humoral de cordeiros jovens naturalmente infestados por Oestrus ovis (Diptera: Oestridae)

Abstract Twenty-six newborn lambs were evaluated for 21 weeks, from birth to slaughter, to assess their plasma anti-Oestrus ovis immunoglobulin (IgG) using the ELISA technique. On the last day of sampling, all the lambs were slaughtered and O. ovis larvae were recovered, quantified and identified according to the larval stage. High levels of IgG were observed over the first three weeks of life, thus indicating that antibodies are transferred via colostrum from ewes to lambs. Afterwards, the antibody levels declined progressively until the lambs were 11 weeks of age and subsequently started to increase again when they were around 13 weeks of age, reaching the apex on the last week of sampling. All the lambs were parasitized with different larval stages of O. ovis, with an average of 39 larvae per lamb, and the intensity of the infestation ranged from 10 to 97 larvae. However, there was non-significant correlation coefficients between IgG levels and O. ovis larval burden (P > 0.05). In conclusion, although the lambs became infested with O. ovis at an early age, the larval burden was not associated with specific IgG levels.

Resumo Vinte e seis cordeiros recém-nascidos foram avaliados por 21 semanas, desde o nascimento até o abate, para avaliar os níveis plasmáticos de imunoglobulina (IgG) anti-Oestrus ovis utilizando-se a técnica de ELISA. No último dia de coleta, todos os cordeiros foram abatidos e as larvas de O. ovis foram recuperadas, quantificadas e identificadas de acordo com o estádio larval. Foram observados altos níveis de IgG nas primeiras três semanas de vida, indicando que os anticorpos são transferidos por meio do colostro das ovelhas para os cordeiros. Posteriormente, os níveis de anticorpos diminuíram progressivamente, até os cordeiros completarem 11 semanas de vida. Os níveis de IgG começaram a aumentar novamente a partir de 13 semanas de idade, atingindo o ápice na última semana de coleta. Todos os cordeiros estavam parasitados com diferentes estádios larvais de O. ovis com uma média de 39 larvas por cordeiro, e a intensidade da infestação variou de 10 a 97 larvas. Porém, não houve correlação significativa entre os níveis de IgG e a carga larval de O. ovis (P > 0,05). Em conclusão, embora os cordeiros tenham sido infestados com O. ovis ainda jovens, a carga larval não foi associada a níveis específicos de IgG.

Quality of Life of People with Thoracic Outlet Syndrome after Surgery

Purpose To evaluate the quality of life of patients with neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (N-TOS) who underwent surgery via the supraclavicular approach. Method Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and an evaluation of the pain and quality of life of 29 patients was performed. Results The average age of the patients was 42 years, and most of them were female. All of them had one or more associated pathologies. They all worked in occupations that involved repetitive movement of the upper limbs. The evaluation of the degree of pain showed that the pain remains preponderant and incapacitating in the life of these individuals, who consequently enjoy a low quality of life. Conclusion These patients presented low quality of life, with persistent pain probably resulting from the associated pathologies, in addition to their psychosocial context. Thus, in order to treat the TOS, an intervention of a multidisciplinary team with a holistic view of the patient is required.

Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com síndrome do desfiladeiro torácico (SDT) do tipo neurogênico submetidos a cirurgia por via supraclavicular. Metodologia Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e clínicos, e foram avaliadas a dor e a qualidade de vida de 29 pacientes. Resultados Os pacientes tinham idade média de 42 anos, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino, e todos com uma ou mais patologias associadas. Todas as ocupações profissionais exercidas envolviam movimentos repetitivos de membros superiores. A avaliação do quadro álgico evidenciou que a dor ainda permanece preponderante e incapacitante na vida desses indivíduos, que, consequentemente, apresentam baixa qualidade de vida. Conclusão Estes pacientes apresentaram baixa qualidade de vida, com persistência da dor, provavelmente em decorrência das patologias associadas, além do contexto psicossocial. Desse modo, para o tratamento da SDT, faz-se necessária a intervenção de uma equipe multidisciplinar com visão holística do paciente.

Gastrointestinal parasites in goats from Monte Castelo, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

This study was carried out with the aim of estimating the degree of gastrointestinal helminth infection in goats on the Northern Plateau of Santa Catarina. Twelve young females and 11 adult females were used. Every 28 days, feces samples were taken to quantify the nematode eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Larval culturing was performed on a pool of positive samples from the same group. The fecal egg counts (FECs) ranged from zero to 10,400 EPG in the young group and zero to 7,600 EPG in the adult group. The mean FECs were between 583.3 and 4441.7 in the young group and between 418.2 and 2181.8 in the adult group. Eggs of the order Strongylida and genera Moniezia and Toxocara, and oocysts of Coccidia, were observed. The young animals were more affected and Haemonchus was the most prevalent genus in the samples.