RESUMO
The larynx is in the lower respiratory tract and has the function of protecting the airways, controlling, and modulating breathing, assisting the circulatory system, and vocalizing. This study aims to describe the anatomy and histology of the skeleton of the larynx and trachea of the species Chelonia mydas, Caiman yacare and Caiman latirostris. The study was conducted at the Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), using nine specimens of Ch. mydas, 20 of Ca. yacare and four of Ca. latirostris. Samples of the larynx and trachea were collected, fixed, and sent for dissection of the structures and subsequent macroscopic analysis. For histology, samples were processed by the routine paraffin embedding method and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Verhoeff. For the three species, two arytenoid cartilages, a cricoid cartilage, a hyoid apparatus composed of a base and two horns were found. In Ch. mydas, two structures called thyroid wings were observed, not found in crocodilians. The trachea of crocodilians presented incomplete tracheal rings and musculature, while the trachea of Ch. mydas presented complete tracheal rings. Histologically, the entire cartilaginous skeleton of the larynx of the three species, as well as the tracheal rings, are constituted by hyaline cartilage.
Assuntos
Jacarés e Crocodilos , Laringe , Traqueia , Tartarugas , Animais , Traqueia/anatomia & histologia , Jacarés e Crocodilos/anatomia & histologia , Laringe/anatomia & histologia , Tartarugas/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
Eretmochelys imbricata (hawksbill turtle) is classified as a critically endangered species at world level; in Brazil, it is listed among the threatened species. Spirorchiids are parasites of the circulatory system of chelonians which may cause serious lesions in the various tissues of the host due to deposition of eggs in the bloodstream. In this context, the aim of the present study was to describe the pathology caused by spirorchiid eggs in E. imbricata from the Brazilian over a five year period. A total of 29 animals were analyzed, of which nine (31%) presented lesions associated to spirorchiids eggs. The lesions were: granulomatous enteritis in six (66.66%), granulomatous splenitis in five (55.55%), granulomatous hepatitis in three (33.33%), granulomatous pneumonia in three (33.33%), granulomatous pancreatitis in two (22.22%), and granulomatous adrenalitis in one specimen (11.11%). Concluded the main lesion in Eretmochelys imbricata was giant-cell granulomatous inflammatory reaction to the parasite's eggs. Animals exhibiting poor physical health were more susceptible to presenting such lesions.
Assuntos
Tartarugas , Animais , Brasil , Tartarugas/parasitologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The color is a psychophysical phenomenon, and much has been studied about its physical components. However, the psychological part is poorly investigated, except for the difference between genders in the literature shows that more men are color deficient than women. Dental students are trained to better understand the differences in color, so we became interested in studying whether psychological variables such as anxiety and depression and use of hormonal contraceptives may interfere with this ability. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate if factors, such as, hormonal contraceptive use, depressive symptoms, anxiety and quality of life, influence on the ability of color discrimination of dental school students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-one subjects participated and the following instruments apply: (1) test that consists in the observation of a set of 25 labels (Pantones) with values of known colors, (2) scales of depression, anxiety, and quality of life assessments, and (3) Ishihara test. RESULTS: No difference was observed between genders as color perception (p = 0.868). Symptoms of anxiety and depression were significantly more frequent in the female population that showed worse quality of life (p < 0.000) but did not interfere with color perception. Women using hormonal contraceptives had lower color perception than men (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: No difference between the genders in the perception of colors was observed, contrary to common sense that women discriminate more colors than men, but women using hormonal contraceptives showed more difficulty in color perception. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The ability to understand and distinguish color differences is extremely important in clinical dentistry. There could be differences in color perception between men and women that would influence clinical performance.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/psicologia , Percepção de Cores/efeitos dos fármacos , Anticoncepcionais Orais/efeitos adversos , Depressão/psicologia , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to describe the frequency of underreporting of unfavorable outcomes of congenital syphilis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, 2007-2018. METHODS: this was a descriptive study of cases of abortion, fetal and non-fetal deaths due to congenital syphilis reported on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - SINAN), and those of congenital syphilis registered in any line in the Death Certificate, on the Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade - SIM), by means of probabilistic and deterministic linkage. RESULTS: of the 27,713 cases of congenital syphilis reported, 1,320 progressed to death (871 fetal deaths, 449 infant deaths) and were matched to the SIM; 355 deaths (259 fetal deaths, 96 infant deaths) were not included on SINAN; there was an increase in unfavorable outcomes,11.4% for infant deaths due to congenital syphilis, 3.0% for fetal deaths and 1.9% for abortions. CONCLUSION: the use of different relationship techniques proved to be adequate to identify the frequency of underreporting of unfavorable outcomes of congenital syphilis in the state of São Paulo.
Assuntos
Sífilis Congênita , Lactente , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Sífilis Congênita/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Morte Fetal , Sistemas de Informação , Morte do LactenteRESUMO
The transgender population encounters several barriers in entering the labor market, whichfurther impacts their health. In this cross-sectional study, the factors associated with their insertion in the formal job market were analyzed. Participants were recruited in seven municipalities of the state of São Paulo between 2014 and 2015. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) of the association between formal insertion and selected characteristics. We included 672 individuals, of which 82.3% were working, 13.1% were not employed, and 4.6% were not in the labor market. Among those working, only 16.7% were in the formal labor market. Factors independently associated with formal employment were: being atrans man, having 12 years or more of education, being under follow-up for gender transition procedures in the healthcare services, having private health insurance, and never having been arrested. Our results highlightpart of the obstacles the transgender population has toovercome to enter the labor market, and point to the need for public policies specifically designed for the transgender population aiming to reduce school dropout and expand access to comprehensive health care, thereby reducing theirvulnerability.
Assuntos
Pessoas Transgênero , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze how syphilis detection rates evolved from 2011 to 2017 according to sex, age and place of residence in the state of São Paulo. METHODS: A historical series was organized with data from the Notification Disease Information System. The acquired syphilis detection rates (ASDR) per 100,000 inhabitants and the acquired syphilis detection rates including pregnant women with syphilis (PASDR) per 100,000 inhabitants were described. For a trend analysis of the rates in the studied period, the Poisson Jointpoint (inflection point) model was performed, and the annual percentage change (APC) per segment and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) were estimated, with respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: A total of 205,424 cases of acquired syphilis and syphilis in pregnant women in the period were reported. The ASDR per 100,000 inhabitants ranged from 26.0 to 84.6 between 2011 and 2017 and the PASDR per 100,000 inhabitants ranged from 33.7 to 108.9; the trend was increasing in both, and an inflection point was identified dividing the ASDR and PASDR curve into two periods: 2011 to 2013 and 2013 to 2017: the AAPC found for ASDR was 21.0% (95%CI 15.5 â 26.4) and the PASDR was 21.2% (95%CI 16.4 â 26.1), in the age groups up to 24 years old, there was a significant growth in both sexes. A heterogeneity in the evolution of rates by region of the state was observed between 2011 and 2017. CONCLUSIONS: The increasing trend in acquired syphilis detection rates can be attributed to better adherence to notification and disproportionate involvement of young people.
OBJETIVO: Analisar a evolução, de 2011 a 2017, das taxas de detecção de sífilis notificada por sexo, faixa etária e região de residência no estado de São Paulo (ESP). MÉTODOS: Foi organizada série histórica com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Foram descritas as taxas de detecção de sífilis adquirida (TDSA) e de sífilis adquirida incluindo as gestantes com sífilis (TDSAG), por 100.000 hab. Para análise de tendência da evolução das taxas no período estudado, foi empregado o modelo Jointpoint (ponto de inflexão), bem como foram estimadas a variação percentual anual (VPA) por segmento e a média da variação percentual anual (MVPA), com os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). RESULTADOS: Foram notificados 205.424 casos de sífilis adquirida e sífilis em gestantes no período. Entre 2011 e 2017, a TDSA por 100 mil habitantes variou de 26,0 a 84,6 e a TDSAG por 100 mil habitantes, de 33,7 a 108,9; a tendência foi crescente em ambas as curvas e identificou-se um ponto de inflexão dividindo a curva de TDSA e de TDSAG em dois períodos: de 2011 a 2013 e de 2013 a 2017. A MVPA encontrada da TDSA foi de 21,0% (IC95% 15,7 â 26,4) e da TDSAG, de 21,2% (IC95% 16,4 â -26,1). Nas faixas etárias até 24 anos ocorreu crescimento expressivo em ambos os sexos. Observou-se heterogeneidade na evolução das taxas segundo região do Estado. CONCLUSÕES: A tendência crescente das taxas de detecção de sífilis adquirida pode ser atribuída a melhor adesão à notificação e ao acometimento desproporcional dos jovens.
Assuntos
Notificação de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Sorodiagnóstico da Sífilis/estatística & dados numéricos , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Treponema pallidum/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The most common neurological impairments related to schistosomiasis involve the lower portions of the medulla and the cauda equina. A 22-year-old woman, with no history, signs, or symptoms of hepatointestinal schistosomiasis, presented with lumbar pain associated with acute paresthesia and paresis of the right lower limb. Spinal schistosomiasis was suspected based on the disease progression and radiological findings, and the diagnosis was confirmed after cerebrospinal fluid analysis. The authors emphasize this pathology as important as a differential diagnosis in similar clinical scenarios, especially in endemic areas, because both early diagnosis and treatment are essential to avoid permanent sequelae.
Assuntos
Neuroesquistossomose/diagnóstico , Radiculopatia/diagnóstico , Doenças da Medula Espinal/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Neuroesquistossomose/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Radiculopatia/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Doenças da Medula Espinal/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a curative treatment for many patients with hematological disorders. Donor-recipient genetic disparity, especially involving the human leukocyte antigen system is a critical factor for transplant outcome. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate retrospectively donor characteristics and correlations with the occurrence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, disease-free survival and overall survival in a Brazilian population submitted to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation between 1994 and 2012 in a single center. RESULTS: Three hundred and forty-seven consecutive transplantations were included. Related transplants (81.2%) were significantly more common than unrelated transplants (18.7%); donor and recipient median ages were 34 (range: 1-61) and 33 (range: 3-65) years respectively with donor HLAs being matched for 333 (95.9%) patients. Donor gender, cytomegalovirus status and ABO incompatibility did not influence the five-year overall survival. In univariate analyses, overall survival was negatively influenced by the presence of acute graft-versus-host disease (33% vs. 47%, respectively; p-value = 0.04), unrelated transplant (41.5% vs. 50.9%, respectively; p-value = 0.045) and donors aged over 40 years (41% vs. 52%, respectively; p-value = 0.03). Older donors were associated with a higher rate of acute (52% vs. 65.8%; p-value = 0.03) and chronic graft-versus-host disease (60% vs. 43%, respectively; p-value = 0.015). In multivariate analyses, acute graft-versus-host disease [relative risk (RR): 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-29; p-value = 0.008] and older donors (RR: 1.6; 95% CI 1.11-2.24; p-value = 0.013) were associated with higher transplant-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In transplant patients, to have a donor older than 40 years of age seems to significantly increase the incidence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease and transplant-related mortality with no impact on disease-free survival and overall survival. In spite of the rather small cohort of patients, these findings are similar to what is described in the literature suggesting that a younger donor should be chosen whenever possible.
RESUMO
Objetivo: descrever a frequência de subnotificação de desfechos desfavoráveis da sífilis congênita no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, 2007-2018. Métodos: estudo descritivo dos casos de aborto, óbitos fetais e não fetais por sífilis congênita notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), e daqueles registrados com sífilis congênita, em qualquer linha da Declaração de Óbito, no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM), mediante relacionamentos probabilístico e determinístico. Resultados: dos 27.713 casos de sífilis congênita notificados, 1.320 evoluíram para óbito (871 fetais, 449 infantis) e foram pareados com o SIM; 355 óbitos (259 fetais, 96 infantis) não constavam no Sinan; ocorreu incremento de desfechos desfavoráveis, de 11,4% para óbitos infantis por sífilis congênita, 3,0% para óbitos fetais e 1,9% para abortos. Conclusão: o emprego de diferentes técnicas de relacionamento mostrou-se adequado para identificar a frequência da subnotificação dos desfechos desfavoráveis da sífilis congênita no estado de São Paulo.
Objective: to describe the frequency of underreporting of unfavorable outcomes of congenital syphilis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, 2007-2018. Methods: this was a descriptive study of cases of abortion, fetal and non-fetal deaths due to congenital syphilis reported on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - SINAN), and those of congenital syphilis registered in any line in the Death Certificate, on the Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade - SIM), by means of probabilistic and deterministic linkage. Results: of the 27,713 cases of congenital syphilis reported, 1,320 progressed to death (871 fetal deaths, 449 infant deaths) and were matched to the SIM; 355 deaths (259 fetal deaths, 96 infant deaths) were not included on SINAN; there was an increase in unfavorable outcomes,11.4% for infant deaths due to congenital syphilis, 3.0% for fetal deaths and 1.9% for abortions. Conclusion: the use of different relationship techniques proved to be adequate to identify the frequency of underreporting of unfavorable outcomes of congenital syphilis in the state of São Paulo.
Objetivo: describir la frecuencia de la subnotificación de resultados desfavorables por sífilis congénita en el estado de São Paulo, de 2007 a 2018. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de los casos de aborto espontáneo, muertes fetales y no fetales por sífilis congénita notificados en la Información Sistema de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria (Sinan), y las registradas con sífilis congénita en el Sistema de Información de Mortalidad (SIM) mediante relaciones probabilísticas y determinísticas. Resultados: de los 27.713 casos de sífilis congénita, fallecieron 1.320 (871 fetales, 449 infantiles) y se emparejaron con SIM; 355 muertes (259 fetales, 96 infantiles) no se incluyeron en Sinan. Hubo un aumento en los resultados desfavorables: 11,4% muertes infantiles por sífilis congénita; 3,0% muertes fetales y 1,9% abortos. Conclusión: el uso de diferentes técnicas de vinculación demostró ser adecuado para identificar la frecuencia de subregistro de resultados desfavorables de sífilis congénita en el estado de São Paulo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Sífilis Congênita/mortalidade , Sífilis Congênita/epidemiologia , Notificação de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Sub-Registro/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Mortalidade Infantil , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Mortalidade Fetal , Sistemas de Informação em SaúdeRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Due to their similarity to humans, studies regarding gastric ulcers in pigs have become of great interest. It is known that Helicobacter spp. is related to the occurrence of these ulcers, as they possess a high prevalence in pigs. This study aimed to associate gastric lesions findings naturally occurring in minipigs related to or not related to the presence of Helicobacter spp., through the ultra-rapid urease test and immunohistochemical analysis, reaffirming the disease in swine as a natural biomedical model for human cases. For this, samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gastric tissues from 40 minipigs were obtained at the Laboratório de Morfologia e Patologia Animal (LMPA) in the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF). Regarding the ultra-rapid urease test, no animal was positive in all regions. However, 18 were positive in at least one: six (15%) were positive in the aglandular region, eight (20%) in the antrum region, 13 (32.5%) in the region of the cardiac gland, and one (2.5%) in the region of the fundic gland. Regarding immunohistochemical analysis, only one animal was positive in all regions, and 32 animals were positive in at least one: four (10%) were positive in the aglandular region, 10 (25%) in the antrum region, 23 (57.5%) in the region of the cardiac gland, and three (7.5%) in the region of the fundic gland. The gastric lesion findings showed a close relationship with Helicobacter spp., enriching the laboratory animal pathologies list. The immunostaining of the bacteria not associated with gastric lesions in certain regions demonstrated the saprophytic and opportunisitic nature of Helicobacter.
RESUMO: Por sua semelhança com a da espécie humana, a úlcera gástrica nos suínos tem despertado muito interesse. Sabe-se que o Helicobacter spp. está relacionado à ocorrência dessas úlceras, apresentando alta prevalência. Este estudo teve como objetivo associar as lesões gástricas, de ocorrência natural em miniporcos, à presença, ou não, de Helicobacter spp., por meio do teste ultra-rápido da urease e da análise imunohistoquímica, reafirmando a enfermidade em suínos como modelo biomédico natural para os casos em humanos. Para este fim, foram utilizados histossetes de tecido gástrico de 40 minipigs obtidos no Laboratório de Morfologia e Patologia Animal (LMPA) da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF). Em relação ao teste ultra-rápido da urease, nenhum animal foi positivo em todas as regiões, entretanto, 18 foram positivos em pelo menos uma: seis foram positivos na região aglandular, oito na região do antro, 13 na região das glândulas cárdicas e um na região das glândulas fúndicas. Em relação à análise imuno-histoquímica, somente um animal foi positivo em todas as regiões e 32 animais foram positivos em pelo menos uma: quatro foram positivos na região aglandular, 10 na região do antro, 23 na região das glândulas cárdicas e três na região das glândulas fúndicas. As lesões gástricas demonstraram estreita relação com o Helicobacter spp. em miniporcos, enriquecendo a lista de patologias de animais de laboratório. A imunomarcação da bactéria não associada à lesão, em certas regiões gástricas, demonstra seu caráter saprofítico e oportunista.
RESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi relacionar os achados anatomopatológicos das lesões gástricas subclínicas de ocorrência natural em leitões com a presença, ou não, de Helicobacter spp. por meio da imuno-histoquímica. Foram utilizados 48 leitões de linhagem genética comercial. Os animais foram adquiridos em uma granja comercial, com peso médio de 34 Kg e idade média de 79 dias; após o abate, seus estômagos foram coletados e avaliados. Avaliações histopatológicas e imuno-histoquímicas foram realizadas em amostras das regiões anatômicas aglandular e glandular. Macroscopicamente, 34 (70,83%) leitões apresentaram lesões na região aglandular, enquanto que em 14 animais (29,17%) não foram encontradas alterações nesta região. Dos estômagos com lesão, 14 foram classificados como grau 1, seis como grau 2 e 14 como grau 3. Microscopicamente, 44 amostras (91,66%) apresentaram paraqueratose. Deste total, 22 apresentaram a forma discreta, 20 a moderada e dois a acentuada. Na avaliação macroscópica da porção glandular, 41 (85,4%) animais apresentaram alteração em pelo menos uma das três regiões, e em somente sete (14,6%) não foram encontradas lesões em nenhuma delas. Em 14 deles, houve aumento da atividade mucípara, em dois, houve erosão e, em cinco, hiperemia. As lesões na região glandular do estômago foram mais extensas no antro e no cárdia, seguidas do fundo. Em relação à análise imuno
The aim of this study was to relate the anatomopathological findings of naturally occurring subclinical gastric lesions in piglets, with or without Helicobacter spp. through immunohistochemistry. Forty-eight piglets of commercial genetic lineage were used. The animals were acquired in a commercial farm, with an average weight of 34 kg and an average age of 79 days, and after slaughter, their stomachs were collected and evaluated. Samples from the glandular and aglandular anatomical regions were evaluated. Macroscopically, 34 (70.83%) samples had lesions on aglandular region, while 14 (29.17%) nothing had. Of the injured stomachs, 14 were classified as grade 1, six as grade 2 and 14 as grade 3. Microscopically, 44 samples (91.66%) showed parakeratosis. Of these, 22 showed a discreet manner, 20 moderate and two severe. In the glandular region, in 41 (85.4%) samples there was a change in at least one of the three regions, and only seven animals (14.6%) showed no change in any of the three. Fourteen samples showed increased muciparous activity, two showed erosion and five hyperemia. The lesions were higher in antral regions and cardic, followed the fundus. In relation to immunohistochemistry, 21(43.8%) samples were negative in all areas, 24 (50%) were positive in at least one, and none were positive in all. The anatomopathological findings showed a statistical relationship with the bacteria, and its immunostaining, not associated with gastric lesions in certain regions, demonstrates its saprophytic and opportunistic character.
Assuntos
Animais , Estômago/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/imunologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/patologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/veterinária , Suínos/anatomia & histologia , Suínos/imunologia , Suínos/lesões , Úlcera Gástrica/microbiologiaRESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi relacionar os achados anatomopatológicos das lesões gástricas subclínicas de ocorrência natural em leitões com a presença, ou não, de Helicobacter spp. por meio da imuno-histoquímica. Foram utilizados 48 leitões de linhagem genética comercial. Os animais foram adquiridos em uma granja comercial, com peso médio de 34 Kg e idade média de 79 dias; após o abate, seus estômagos foram coletados e avaliados. Avaliações histopatológicas e imuno-histoquímicas foram realizadas em amostras das regiões anatômicas aglandular e glandular. Macroscopicamente, 34 (70,83%) leitões apresentaram lesões na região aglandular, enquanto que em 14 animais (29,17%) não foram encontradas alterações nesta região. Dos estômagos com lesão, 14 foram classificados como grau 1, seis como grau 2 e 14 como grau 3. Microscopicamente, 44 amostras (91,66%) apresentaram paraqueratose. Deste total, 22 apresentaram a forma discreta, 20 a moderada e dois a acentuada. Na avaliação macroscópica da porção glandular, 41 (85,4%) animais apresentaram alteração em pelo menos uma das três regiões, e em somente sete (14,6%) não foram encontradas lesões em nenhuma delas. Em 14 deles, houve aumento da atividade mucípara, em dois, houve erosão e, em cinco, hiperemia. As lesões na região glandular do estômago foram mais extensas no antro e no cárdia, seguidas do fundo. Em relação à análise imuno-histoquímica, 21 (43,8%) amostras tiveram resultados negativos em todas as regiões, e 24 (50%) foram positivas em pelo menos uma delas, sendo que nenhuma foi positiva em todas. Os achados anatomopatológicos demonstraram relação estatística com a bactéria e, sua imunomarcação não associada à lesão em certas regiões gástricas, demonstra seu caráter saprofítico e oportunista.
The aim of this study was to relate the anatomopathological findings of naturally occurring subclinical gastric lesions in piglets, with or without Helicobacter spp. through immunohistochemistry. Forty-eight piglets of commercial genetic lineage were used. The animals were acquired in a commercial farm, with an average weight of 34 kg and an average age of 79 days, and after slaughter, their stomachs were collected and evaluated. Samples from the glandular and aglandular anatomical regions were evaluated. Macroscopically, 34 (70.83%) samples had lesions on aglandular region, while 14 (29.17%) nothing had. Of the injured stomachs, 14 were classified as grade 1, six as grade 2 and 14 as grade 3. Microscopically, 44 samples (91.66%) showed parakeratosis. Of these, 22 showed a discreet manner, 20 moderate and two severe. In the glandular region, in 41 (85.4%) samples there was a change in at least one of the three regions, and only seven animals (14.6%) showed no change in any of the three. Fourteen samples showed increased muciparous activity, two showed erosion and five hyperemia. The lesions were higher in antral regions and cardic, followed the fundus. In relation to immunohistochemistry, 21(43.8%) samples were negative in all areas, 24 (50%) were positive in at least one, and none were positive in all. The anatomopathological findings showed a statistical relationship with the bacteria, and its immunostaining, not associated with gastric lesions in certain regions, demonstrates its saprophytic and opportunistic character.
Assuntos
Animais , Úlcera Gástrica/veterinária , Suínos/anatomia & histologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/veterinária , Helicobacter/patogenicidade , Estômago/microbiologia , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Zoonoses Bacterianas/diagnósticoRESUMO
Abstract The most common neurological impairments related to schistosomiasis involve the lower portions of the medulla and the cauda equina. A 22-year-old woman, with no history, signs, or symptoms of hepatointestinal schistosomiasis, presented with lumbar pain associated with acute paresthesia and paresis of the right lower limb. Spinal schistosomiasis was suspected based on the disease progression and radiological findings, and the diagnosis was confirmed after cerebrospinal fluid analysis. The authors emphasize this pathology as important as a differential diagnosis in similar clinical scenarios, especially in endemic areas, because both early diagnosis and treatment are essential to avoid permanent sequelae.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Radiculopatia/diagnóstico , Neuroesquistossomose/diagnóstico , Radiculopatia/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Doenças da Medula Espinal/diagnóstico , Doenças da Medula Espinal/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Neuroesquistossomose/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMO
Introdução: No Brasil, o câncer do colo do útero é a quarta causa de morte por câncer em mulheres. O número de casos novos estimado para 2018 é de 16.370, com um risco de 15,43 casos a cada 100 mil mulheres. Objetivo: Identificar quais são os fatores que, na visão da mulher, interferem no diagnóstico precoce do câncer do colo do útero. Método: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo quanti-qualitativo constituído de uma abordagem transversal ancorada na técnica de investigação de eventos sentinela e uma abordagem qualitativa utilizando análises de conteúdo de categorias temáticas. Foram entrevistadas mulheres com câncer do colo do útero, em estádio avançado, atendidas por serviços de saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, em janeiro e fevereiro de 2012. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa sete mulheres com idades entre 37 e 54 anos. As entrevistadas mostraram-se desinformadas sobre a utilidade do exame preventivo, relataram que não se percebiam como alvo das ações de saúde específicas, apresentaram desespero, dor, indignação, medo, incapacidade e negação frente ao diagnóstico de câncer. Também informaram que recorreram a tratamentos alternativos, apoiaram-se em suas crenças e em familiares para superar os efeitos da doença e apontaram falhas dos serviços de saúde. Conclusão: Estes resultados apontam para a necessidade de estudos futuros sobre o tema, focalizando nas práticas dos trabalhadores da área da saúde e no processo educativo realizado no contexto das ações de atenção integral à saúde da mulher.
Introduction: In Brazil, cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women. It is estimated that there will be 16,370 new cases in 2018, translating to an incidence of 15.43 cases per 100,000 women. Objective: To identify the factors that, in the view of women, impede the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Method: This was a descriptive quantitative and qualitative study consisting of an epidemiological approach anchored in the investigation of sentinel events and a qualitative approach based on content analyses of thematic categories. We interviewed women with advanced stage cervical cancer treated in January and February of 2012 at health care facilities operated by the Unified Health System in the city of Campo Grande, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Results: The study included seven women between 37 and 54 years of age. The interviewees proved to be uninformed about the usefulness of preventive screening and reported that they do not see themselves as the target of specific health interventions. When faced with the diagnosis of cancer, they showed despair, pain, anger, fear, incapacitation, and denial. They also reported having made use of alternative treatments, having relied on their beliefs and on family members to deal with the effects of the disease, and having noted shortcomings of the health care facilities. Conclusion: Our results indicate the need for future studies on the subject. Such studies should focus on health care worker practices and on the educational process carried out in the context of comprehensive health care interventions for women.
Introducción: En Brasil, el cáncer de cuello de útero es la cuarta causa de muerte por cáncer en las mujeres. El número de casos nuevos estimado para 2018 es de 16.370, con un riesgo de 15,43 casos por cada 100 mil mujeres. Objetivo: Objetivó-se identificar los factores que, en la opinión de las mujeres, interfieren en la detección precoz del cáncer del cuello del útero. Método: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo descriptivo basado en la técnica de investigación de eventos centinela y análisis de contenido temático. Interrogamos mujeres con cáncer del cuello del útero en estadio avanzado, atendidas por los servicios de salud del Sistema Único de Salud en Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, en enero y febrero de 2012. Resultados: Participaron de la encuesta siete mujeres con edades entre 37 y 54 años. Las entrevistadas se mostraron desinformadas acerca de la utilidad del examen preventivo, afirmaron que no se consideravan como objetos de las acciones sanitarias específicas y mostraron desesperación, dolor, indignación, miedo, incapacidad y negación frente al diagnóstico de cáncer. También informaron que recurrieron a tratamientos alternativos, se basaron en sus creencias ya en la familia para superar los efectos de la enfermedad y señalaron fallas de los servicios de salud. Conclusión: Estos resultados apuntan a la necesidad de estudios futuros sobre el tema, enfocándose en las prácticas de los trabajadores del área de la salud y en el proceso educativo realizado en el contexto de las acciones de atención integral a la salud de la mujer.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Brasil , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Estudos Transversais , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela , Diagnóstico PrecoceRESUMO
ABSTRACT Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a curative treatment for many patients with hematological disorders. Donor-recipient genetic disparity, especially involving the human leukocyte antigen system is a critical factor for transplant outcome. Objective: To evaluate retrospectively donor characteristics and correlations with the occurrence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, disease-free survival and overall survival in a Brazilian population submitted to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation between 1994 and 2012 in a single center. Results: Three hundred and forty-seven consecutive transplantations were included. Related transplants (81.2%) were significantly more common than unrelated transplants (18.7%); donor and recipient median ages were 34 (range: 1-61) and 33 (range: 3-65) years respectively with donor HLAs being matched for 333 (95.9%) patients. Donor gender, cytomegalovirus status and ABO incompatibility did not influence the five-year overall survival. In univariate analyses, overall survival was negatively influenced by the presence of acute graft-versus-host disease (33% vs. 47%, respectively; p-value = 0.04), unrelated transplant (41.5% vs. 50.9%, respectively; p-value = 0.045) and donors aged over 40 years (41% vs. 52%, respectively; p-value = 0.03). Older donors were associated with a higher rate of acute (52% vs. 65.8%; p-value = 0.03) and chronic graft-versus-host disease (60% vs. 43%, respectively; p-value = 0.015). In multivariate analyses, acute graft-versus-host disease [relative risk (RR): 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-29; p-value = 0.008] and older donors (RR: 1.6; 95% CI 1.11-2.24; p-value = 0.013) were associated with higher transplant-related mortality. Conclusions: In transplant patients, to have a donor older than 40 years of age seems to significantly increase the incidence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease and transplant-related mortality with no impact on disease-free survival and overall survival. In spite of the rather small cohort of patients, these findings are similar to what is described in the literature suggesting that a younger donor should be chosen whenever possible.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Doença Enxerto-HospedeiroRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at assessing the level of physical activity (PA) and the anthropometric profile of hypertensive and/or diabetic people involved in the Hiperdia programme in the city of Inhumas/Goias, Brazil. METHODS: This exploratory descriptive study was conducted with 80 individuals from four areas in the aforementioned city. After participants had been invited to participate and their inclusion in the study, a brief medical history was complied and they answered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-short) and their anthropometric measurements were taken regarding weight and height; body mass index (BMI), waist, hip circumference and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. The Kolgomorov Smirnov test was used for data analysis; the mean, standard deviation, absolute frequency and percentages were used. RESULTS: BMI analysis classified 65 % of the subjects as being overweight or obese; only one individual was classified as being at low risk and all others were moderate to very high risk regarding WHR. Regarding PA, 11.25 % were classified as being sedentary and 63.75 % as active or very active. CONCLUSION: More attention is required regarding anthropometric indices since such data can provide warnings regarding individuals' possible health hazards. Although PA level overall was good, strategies for promoting PA and healthy nutrition must be be implemented since they would contribute directly to improving the anthropometric indices found in this study.
Assuntos
Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Diabetes Mellitus , Hipertensão , Atividade Motora , Idoso , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which affects humans and other animals. The most severe form is congenital toxoplasmosis. Thus, it is important to establish the serological profile of women before pregnancy. This study aimed to analyze the serology of toxoplasmosis among female students on the nursing course at Unoeste (Universidade do Oeste Paulista), in Presidente Prudente, SP. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 80 female students aged 18 to 35 years after they had signed the consent statement. Occurrences of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibodies were determined using the ELISA method. This study was approved by the institution's ethics committee and was conducted in the Immunology Laboratory at Unoeste. RESULTS: Among the 80 blood samples analyzed, 27 female students were positive for IgG, whereas none of them were positive for IgM antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: Among the 80 female students, 53 (66.2%) would be susceptible to toxoplasmosis in a possible pregnancy. Twenty-seven of the female students (33.8%) were considered seropositive.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasmose/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Toxoplasmose/diagnóstico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adição de níveis crescentes de antibióticos associados ao farelo integral de pimenta rosa (FIPR) sobre o desempenho produtivo e morfometria intestinal de frangos corte. Utilizaram-se 528 pintos Cobb, machos, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições de 22 animais cada, constituído pelos grupos T1 - Controle Negativo (CN) - Dieta basal sem FIPR e sem antibióticos; T2 - Controle Positivo (CP) - Dieta Basal com 1,2% FIPR; T3 - CP + 11ppm bacitracina zinco e 17ppm salinomicina; T4 - CP + 22ppm bacitracina zinco e 34ppm salinomicina; T5 - CP + 33ppm bacitracina zinco e 51ppm salinomicina; T6 - CP + 45ppm bacitracina zinco e 67ppm salinomicina. No período de 1-43 dias de idade, observou-se que a adição de FIPR com ou sem antibiótico reduziu (P≤0,05) o consumo e melhorou a conversão alimentar, comparado com CN. Verificou-se que os frangos alimentados com FIPR associado aos antibióticos, em valores acima de 22mg kg-1 de bacitracina de zinco e 34mg kg-1 de salinomicina, tiveram maiores alturas de vilosidades intestinais que o CN (P≤0,05). O FIPR pode ser utilizado em substituição aos antibióticos sem queda de desempenho animal e com a manutenção da viabilidade e do fator de produção.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of the increase levels of antibiotics associated with the pink pepper meal (PPM) on animal performance and intestinal morphometry of broilers jejunum. A total of 528 day-old male chicks, Cobb 500, distributed in a randomized design of six treatments and four replicates of 22 birds each: T1 - Negative Control (NC) - basal diet without PPM or antibiotics, T2 - Positive Control (PC) - basal diet with 1,2% PP; T3 - PC + 11ppm zinc bacitracin and 17ppm salinomycin, T4 - PC + 22ppm zinc bacitracin and 34ppm salinomycin, T5 - PC + 33ppm zinc bacitracin and 51ppm salinomycin, T6 - PC + 45ppm zinc bacitracin and 67ppm salinomycin. In period of 1-43 days-old, it was observed that the use of PPM with or without antibiotcs reduced feed intake and improved feed:gain ratio compared with NC (P≤0,05). It was observed that the broilers fed diet with antibiotics values of up to 22mg kg-1 of zinc bacitracin and 34mg kg-1 of salinomycin associated with the PPM had the higher villus height compared with NC. The PPM can be used to replace antibiotic growth promoters without decrease on animal performance, viability and production factor.
RESUMO
Introdução: O câncer do colo do útero apresenta taxas de incidência e mortalidade elevadas no Brasil. Objetivo: Descrever a cobertura das ações de detecção precoce do câncer do colo do útero, sua incidência e mortalidade no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Método: Estudo descritivo e exploratório. Foram analisados dados provenientes do Departamento de Informática do SUS , Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva. Foi realizada análise descritiva das informações. Resultados: O percentual de mulheres de 25 a 59 anos que realizou o exame de Papanicolaou nos últimos três anos se manteve estável entre 2003 e 2008: 82,0% e 82,9%, respectivamente; entretanto, houve uma queda no contingente daquelas que nunca fizeram o exame na vida: de 11,1% para 8,7%, respectivamente. A razão entre o número exames citopatológicos cervicovaginais realizados em mulheres de 25 a 59 anos e a população feminina nessa faixa etária ultrapassou a meta (≥0,90) do triênio 2008 a 2010em 25 municípios do Estado, porém, as taxas estimadas de incidência do câncer do colo do útero sofreram aumentode 139% nos últimos 12 anos, enquanto na série de dados de mortalidade observou-se um incremento de 33,8% em 30 anos. Conclusão: Esses resultados apontam para a necessidade de se fortalecer as parcerias visando a implementar ações de atenção integral à saúde da mulher, especialmente voltadas para as mulheres indígenas, que representam um importante contingente de mulheres excluídas nessas áreas
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Brasil , Incidência , Mortalidade , Distribuições Estatísticas , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Esfregaço VaginalRESUMO
Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o nível de atividade física e os índices antropométricos de hipertensos e diabéticos do programa Hiperdia da cidade de Inhumas, Goiás - Brasil. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de caráter exploratório, realizado com 80 indivíduos de 4 Programas Saúde da Família (PSF) de 4 regiões da cidade. Após o convite e inserção dos indivíduos no estudo, os mesmos foram submetidos a um breve anamnese, questionário internacional de atividade física - IPAQ-curto e avaliação antropométrica, com medida de peso, estatura, calculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência de cintura, quadril e cálculo do Ãndice cintura-quadril (ICQ). A análise dos dados ocorreu com o teste de Kolgomorov Smirnov, utilização de média, desvio padrão, freqüência absoluta e percentual. Resultados: Foi observado que 65 % dos indivíduos foram classificados com excesso de peso pela análise do IMC, apenas 1 individuo foi classificado com baixo risco, onde todos os demais apresentaram risco moderado a muito alto. Em relação à atividade física 11,25 % foram classificados como sedentários e 63,75 % ativos ou muitos ativos. Conclusão: Em relação aos índices antropométricos, é necessário maior atenção, visto que estes dados podem gerar possíveis agravos a saúde dos avaliados. Embora o nível de atividade física no geral seja de ativos, estratégias de promoção de atividades físicas e nutrição saudável podem ser implementadas/intensificadas, visto que estes contribuirão diretamente na melhora dos índices antropométricos encontrados.
Objective: This study was aimed at assessing the level of physical activity (PA) and the anthropometric profile of hypertensive and/or diabetic people involved in the Hiperdia programme in the city of Inhumas/Goias, Brazil. Methods: This exploratory descriptive study was conducted with 80 individuals from four areas in the aforementioned city. After participants had been invited to participate and their inclusion in the study, a brief medical history was complied and they answered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-short) and their anthropometric measurements were taken regarding weight and height; body mass index (BMI), waist, hip circumference and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. The Kolgomorov Smirnov test was used for data analysis; the mean, standard deviation, absolute frequency and percentages were used. Results: BMI analysis classified 65 % of the subjects as being overweight or obese; only one individual was classified as being at low risk and all others were moderate to very high risk regarding WHR. Regarding PA, 11.25 % were classified as being sedentary and 63.75 % as active or very active. Conclusion: More attention is required regarding anthropometric indices since such data can provide warnings regarding individuals' possible health hazards. Although PA level overall was good, strategies for promoting PA and healthy nutrition must be be implemented since they would contribute directly to improving the anthropometric indices found in this study.
Objetivo: Este estudio pretende evaluar el nivel de actividad física y los índices antropométricos en Hipertensos y/o diabéticos en lo programa Hiperdia - Inhumas ciudad, Goias - Brasil. Método: Estudio exploratorio descriptivo se llevó a cabo con 80 personas de lo Programa de Salud de cuatro regiones de la ciudad. Después de la invitación y la inclusión de las personas en el estudio, se sometió a una breve historia clínica, el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física - CIAF (IPAQ) medidas a corto y antropométricas, con medición de peso, talla, cálculo del índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de la cintura, la cadera y el cálculo del índice cintura-cadera (RCC). El análisis de datos se produjo con la prueba de Kolgomorov Smirnov, utilizando la media, desviación estándar, la frecuencia absoluta y porcentaje. Resultados: Se observó que 65 % de las personas fueron clasificadas con sobrepeso por el análisis de índice de masa corporal, un solo individuo fue clasificado como de bajo riesgo, donde todos los demás tenían un riesgo moderado a alto in lo RCC. En relación con la actividad física, 11,25 % fueron clasificados como sedentarios, 63,75 % como activos o muy activos. Conclusión: En relación con los índices antropométricos requiere más atención, ya que estos datos pueden dar lugar a posibles riesgos para la salud de las personas. Aunque el nivel de actividad física en general es de activos, las estrategias para promover la actividad física y una alimentación sana puede ser implementada / mejorada, ya que estos contribuyen directamente a la mejora de los índices antropométricos encontrados.