Terminal patient care: advantages on the applicability of anticipated will directives in the hospital context. / Assistência ao doente terminal: vantagens na aplicabilidade das diretivas antecipadas de vontade no contexto hospitalar.

OBJECTIVE: To know the advantages related to the applicability of the advance directives of will in the hospital context from the perspective of nurses, doctors and family members. METHOD: Qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study with semi structured interviews carried out from October to November 2014, with nurses, doctors and family members of patients in the final stage. Afterwards, a discursive textual analysis was carried out. RESULTS: Four categories emerged: respect for patient's autonomy; support in confrontation of conflicts with and from family members; reduction of conflicts in the team about treatments and conducts; disclosure and instrumentation for application of the Advance Directives of Will. CONCLUSION: The respect for personal autonomy permeates the advantages when relating the conduct of treatments at the end of life with the Advance Directives of Will. Thus, disagreements involving the processes at the end of life would be supported by the patient's desire, besides implying in the reduction of the fear of professionals in facing lawsuits and in the support of the family.

Profile of medicines used via oral and gastrointestinal catheter in a Walk-in Service.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the profile of drugs prescribed via oral and gastrointestinal catheter in a Walk-in Service of a University Hospital. METHOD: Quantitative cross-sectional study in which data were collected from the medical records of hospitalized patients using medication via oral or gastrointestinal catheter at least once a day between April and October 2015. The analysis was performed through descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Out of 568 prescriptions (total), there were 143 different medications. The pharmaceutical form with the greatest number of prescriptions was solid (95.8%), of which 46.1% were simple tablets. The oral route had the highest number of administrations (97.3%). The most prescribed drug class was of anti-infectives (25.9%), but the Omeprazole drug was the most prescribed in the study (40%). CONCLUSION: There are indications that enable rethinking the care practice and establishing criteria and norms for contributing to the safety and efficacy of services provided in healthcare, especially regarding the preparation and administration of medications via gastrointestinal catheter.

Ethical issues experienced by nurses during COVID-19 in university hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the ethical issues experienced by nurses in the care for patients with COVID-19 and the factors that influence their occurrence. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study, carried out between February and May 2022 with 101 nurses from two university hospitals, through the socio-occupational Ethical issues Experienced by Nurses in Emergency Questionnaire, adapted and validated for Brazilians. Descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson's correlation test and linear regression were performed, adopting p-value. RESULTS: Ethical issues related to concern and stress in caring for infected patients were evidenced, being influenced by perception of social stigmatization (p = .003) and perception of hospital measures (p = .000). Agreement with infection control measures (4.46) and perception of hospital measures against COVID-19 (3.26) were factors with the highest mean between the constructs. CONCLUSION: Nurses are faced with ethical issues in the face of concern and stress in caring for patients with COVID-19, who are affected by social issues and assistance. It is essential to support them, promoting their mental and social well-being to deal with new emergency situations.

Burnout, ethical climate and work organization in covid-19 intensive care units: mixed method study.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the association between burnout and the perception of the ethical climate in nursing professionals in the covid-19 Intensive Care Unit and the relationship with the organization of work from the perspective of managers of these units. METHODS: mixed method study conducted in three university hospitals in southern Brazil from December 2021 to March 2022. A cross-sectional study was developed with 110 nursing professionals, followed by an exploratory-descriptive study through semi-structured interviews with six managers. Descriptive and analytical statistics and discursive textual analysis were used. RESULTS: the prevalence of burnout was 10% and the perception of negative ethical climate was 24.5%. The association between burnout and ethical climate revealed overload and fatigue during working hours, related to tension, fear, and stress that emerged from the consequences of the organization and relations of work in the covid-19 Intensive Care Unit. CONCLUSIONS: there was an association between burnout and ethical climate and elements of the work organization.

Support provided to nursing students in the face of patient safety incidents: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVES: to identify the support provided to nursing students after a patient safety incident. METHODS: qualitative study developed with 23 students attending an undergraduate nursing program in southern Brazil. Data were collected between September and November 2021 and submitted to textual discursive analysis using the Iramuteq software. RESULTS: the students reported that mainly classmates and professors of the practical courses provided support. The students showed no knowledge of organizational support or protocols available to students who become second victims of such incidents. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the primary support sources available to nursing students involved in patient safety incidents were identified. Note that support provided to nursing students is still incipient both in Brazil and internationally. Hence, further studies are needed to address potential victims and support resources to mitigate this phenomenon.

Authentic leadership in nurses' professional practice: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVES: to identify the primary constructs concerning authentic leadership and its relevance for nurses' professional practice. METHODS: integrative literature review conducted between 2015 and 2020 in LILACS, SciELO, and PubMed databases. RESULTS: the United States published most of the 31 studies analyzed, with eight studies (25.8%), followed by Canada with seven studies (22.6%), and Brasil with five (16.1%). Most studies adopted a quantitative approach (77.41%), and 96.8% presented weak evidence. Three categories emerged: Work Engagement/Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment; Healthy Work Environment; and Intention to Quit the Job and Mental Exhaustion. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: authentic leadership positively contributes to management and nursing care practice, promoting healthy work environments, structural empowerment, greater work engagement, and organizational commitment, decreasing absenteeism and mental exhaustion.

The ethical dimension of problems faced in general medicine: relationship with moral sensitivity.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the main ethical problems and how these relate to the moral sensitivity of nurses working in a general medicine ward. METHOD: this qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study was conducted in a university hospital located in the south of Brazil. A total of 18 nurses working in a general medicine ward were interviewed. A semi-structured interview script was used, and data were analyzed using discursive textual analysis. RESULTS: nurses considered the main ethical problems to include conflicts at the institutional level, situations involving conflicts with patients and/or family members, and conflicts within the staff. The perception of nurses and how they deal with these problems relate to moral sensitivity. Two categories emerged: experiencing ethical problems, and relationship with moral sensitivity. CONCLUSION: because of the multidimensional nature of moral sensitivity, it trains and enables nurses to recognize and deal with ethical problems faced in clinical practice so that nurses become able to make fair and prudent decisions, improving the quality of nursing care.

Advance directives of patients: process of implementation by palliative care teams.

OBJECTIVES: to investigate the process of implementing advance directives in palliative care teams in southern Brazil. METHODS: an exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach conducted with 51 professionals from seven palliative care teams from December 2018 to April 2019. Data were collected through semi-structured online interviews and submitted to discursive textual analysis. RESULTS: the implementation process starts on approach of the advance directives with patients, so that their wishes and desires are the guiding axis for planning care and conduct. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the palliative philosophy is important with regard to advance directives, due to the preparation of these professionals in the search for dignity, quality of life and respect for patient autonomy, in addition to reducing suffering and offering dignified death, based on the understanding of human finitude as a natural process that belongs to life.

Development and Validation of a Moral Distress Scale for Nursing Students.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop and validate a scale to measure the frequency and the intensity of the moral distress experienced by nursing students. METHOD: Methodological study in which a guideline with eight steps: (a) to determine what to measure, (b) to produce items, (c) format to measure, (d) review by experts, (e) validation of items, (f) sample, (g) assessment (h) scale length was used to develop and validate a scale. The sample was composed of 499 undergraduate nursing students from three Brazilian universities. RESULTS: Six constructs were identified in the factor analysis. The instrument and dimensions presented satisfactory internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients equal to .97 and between .60 and .97, respectively. CONCLUSION: The developed scale is able to analyze the intensity and the frequency of Moral Distress in nursing students, in a valid and reliable way.

Implementation of early will directives: facilities and difficulties experienced by palliative care teams.

OBJECTIVE: To know the facilities and difficulties the palliative care team professionals experience in the implementation process of advance healthcare directives. METHOD: Exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach, involving 51 professionals from seven palliative care teams in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The data were collected between December 2018 and April 2019 and discursive textual analysis was applied. RESULTS: The facilities found were: the approach by the palliative care team; listening and respecting patients' wishes; effective communication between professionals, patients, and family members and resolution of difficult situations. The difficulties reported were: legal issues; the lack of knowledge of professionals about the subject; the lack of institutional protocols; the difficulty in talking about death and the family barrier. CONCLUSION: Despite the perceived facilities and difficulties, palliative care professionals intend to work based on the patients' desires and will, aiming to offer dignity in the dying process.

[Ethnonursing as research methodology for the congruence of care]. / Etnoenfermagem como metodologia de pesquisa para a congruência do cuidado.

Etnonursing, as a research methodology, is applied to approach the cultural context and of care in health of one specific culture. Aiming at demonstrating the process of application of this methodology in nursing, from what is proposed by Leininger, four steps of observation are presented, one of interview and for steps of analysis of data, covering specific and congruent criteria with the qualitative paradigm. These steps are not isolated, they relate to one another in an intricate way. It is considered that the knowledge produced can contribute largely for the subjects of the research as well as for the practice of the health workers, developing nursing as a science and providing new paths for the health care, for performing their jobs, through ethics, diversity of workers; complementing the theory of Leininger.

Health advocacy by nurses in the Family Health Strategy: barriers and facilitators.

OBJECTIVE: Identify the barriers and facilitators of health advocacy to users delivered by nurses from the Family Health Strategy. METHOD: Qualitative study carried out with nurses from the Family Health Strategy of a city in the south of Brazil. Study participants were 15 nurses, who were interviewed. The content of the interviews was recorded, transcribed and analyzed in the light of the discursive text analysis. RESULTS: Two categories emerged, one about the lack of organization at the workplace, bureaucracy and limitations to professional work in health environments, and another about the facilitating aspects to exercise advocacy both individually and collectively. CONCLUSION: When nurses, provided with technical, scientific and relational knowledge, are empowered to make decisions, they are not only supported by other professionals at work but also develop actions of health advocacy to users, thus qualifying the care delivered.

Teaching strategies: promoting the development of moral competence in undergraduate students.

OBJECTIVE: To identify strategies and spaces used by professors to promote the development of the moral competence of nursing undergraduate students. METHOD: Qualitative research, developed with 20 nursing professors, through a semi-structured interview, from July to October 2016. Data were submitted to discursive textual analysis. RESULTS: Three categories were constructed: Active methodologies as strategies for the development of moral competence; Knowledge and development of clinical reasoning as motivating spaces of moral competence; Attitude of professors as a strategy for dialogue, empathy, recovery of moral values and development of caring skills. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The use of strategies and spaces to develop pedagogical actions favors the search for knowledge, clinical reasoning and the approach of ethical and moral aspects that collaborate for the development of the moral competence of nursing undergraduate students.

Nursing students facing moral distress: strategies of resistance.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the resistance strategies adopted by undergraduate students in nursing, faced with situations of moral distress (MD). METHOD: Qualitative research, developed in three universities in the south of Brazil, two federal and one private, with 21 undergraduate students in nursing from December 2015 to February 2016; the data was submitted to the discursive textual analysis and Foucauldian theoretical reference. RESULTS: Students resisting demonstrate a sense of self-preservation and moral empowerment. Moreover, non-resistance initiatives are related to the fear of possible sanctions. Thus, by resisting or not, students may experience both positive and negative repercussions. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: By resisting, students aim to defend what they believe to be right, demonstrating their moral empowerment in the face of their moral distress. However, the exercise of disciplinary power seems to contribute to their moral fragilization, making it difficult to implement resistance strategies.

Ethical issues experienced by nurses during COVID-19 in university hospitals / Problemas éticos vividos por enfermeros durante la COVID-19 en hospitales universitarios / Problemas éticos vivenciados por enfermeiros durante a COVID-19 em hospitais universitários

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the ethical issues experienced by nurses in the care for patients with COVID-19 and the factors that influence their occurrence. Method: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study, carried out between February and May 2022 with 101 nurses from two university hospitals, through the socio-occupational Ethical issues Experienced by Nurses in Emergency Questionnaire, adapted and validated for Brazilians. Descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson's correlation test and linear regression were performed, adopting p-value. Results: Ethical issues related to concern and stress in caring for infected patients were evidenced, being influenced by perception of social stigmatization (p = .003) and perception of hospital measures (p = .000). Agreement with infection control measures (4.46) and perception of hospital measures against COVID-19 (3.26) were factors with the highest mean between the constructs. Conclusion: Nurses are faced with ethical issues in the face of concern and stress in caring for patients with COVID-19, who are affected by social issues and assistance. It is essential to support them, promoting their mental and social well-being to deal with new emergency situations.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los problemas éticos vividos por los enfermeros en el cuidado de pacientes con COVID-19 y los factores que influyen en su ocurrencia. Método: Estudio transversal, cuantitativo, realizado entre febrero y mayo de 2022 con 101 enfermeros de dos hospitales universitarios, utilizando el cuestionario sociolaboral semiestructurado Ethical Problems Experienced by Nurses in Emergency Questionnaire, adaptado y validado para brasileños. Se realizó análisis estadístico descriptivo, prueba de correlación de Pearson y regresión lineal, adoptando p-valor. Resultados: Se evidenciaron problemas éticos relacionados con la preocupación y el estrés en el cuidado de pacientes infectados, siendo influenciados por la percepción de estigmatización social (p = .003) y percepción de medidas hospitalarias (p = .000). La concordancia con las medidas de control de infecciones (4,46) y la percepción de las medidas hospitalarias frente a la COVID-19 (3,26) fueron los factores con mayor promedio entre los constructos. Conclusión: Los enfermeros se enfrentan a problemas éticos ante la preocupación y el estrés en el cuidado de los pacientes con COVID-19, que se ven afectados por cuestiones sociales y asistenciales. Es fundamental apoyarles, promoviendo su bienestar mental y social para afrontar nuevas situaciones de emergencia.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os problemas éticos vivenciados por enfermeiros no atendimento ao paciente com COVID-19 e os fatores que influenciam a sua ocorrência. Método: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado entre fevereiro e maio de 2022 com 101 enfermeiros de dois hospitais universitários, através do questionário semiestruturado sociolaboral Ethical Problems Experienced by Nurses in Emergency Questionnaire, adaptado e validado para brasileiros. Realizaram-se análise estatística descritiva, teste de correlação de Pearson e regressão linear, adotando-se p-valor. Resultados: Evidenciaram-se problemas éticos referente à preocupação e ao estresse no cuidado a pacientes infectados, sendo influenciados pela percepção da estigmatização social (p = ,003) e percepção de medidas hospitalares (p = ,000). Concordância com as medidas de controle de infecção (4,46) e percepção das medidas hospitalares contra a COVID-19 (3,26) foram fatores com maior média entre os construtos. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros deparam-se com problemas éticos diante da preocupação e do estresse no atendimento aos pacientes com COVID-19, que são afetados por questões sociais e assistências. É essencial apoiá-los, promovendo o seu bem-estar mental e social para lidar com novas situações emergenciais.

Burnout, ethical climate and work organization in covid-19 intensive care units: mixed method study / Agotamiento profesional, clima ético y organización del trabajo en unidades de cuidados intensivos de covid-19: estudio de método mixto / Burnout, clima ético e organização do trabalho em unidade de terapia intensiva covid-19: estudo misto

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the association between burnout and the perception of the ethical climate in nursing professionals in the covid-19 Intensive Care Unit and the relationship with the organization of work from the perspective of managers of these units. Methods: mixed method study conducted in three university hospitals in southern Brazil from December 2021 to March 2022. A cross-sectional study was developed with 110 nursing professionals, followed by an exploratory-descriptive study through semi-structured interviews with six managers. Descriptive and analytical statistics and discursive textual analysis were used. Results: the prevalence of burnout was 10% and the perception of negative ethical climate was 24.5%. The association between burnout and ethical climate revealed overload and fatigue during working hours, related to tension, fear, and stress that emerged from the consequences of the organization and relations of work in the covid-19 Intensive Care Unit. Conclusions: there was an association between burnout and ethical climate and elements of the work organization.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la asociación entre el agotamiento profesional y la percepción del clima ético en profesionales de enfermería de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos covid-19 y la relación con la organización del trabajo desde la perspectiva de los directivos de estas unidades. Métodos: estudio de método mixto realizado en tres hospitales universitarios del sur de Brasil entre diciembre de 2021 y marzo de 2022. Se desarrolló un estudio transversal con 110 profesionales de enfermería, seguido de un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas con seis gestores. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, analítica y análisis textual discursivo. Resultados: hubo un 10% de prevalencia de agotamiento profesional y un 24,5% de percepción de clima ético negativo. La asociación entre el agotamiento profesional y el clima ético reveló sobrecarga y fatiga durante la jornada laboral, relacionadas con la tensión, el miedo y el estrés que surgieron de las consecuencias de la organización y las relaciones laborales en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos covid-19. Conclusiones: hubo asociación entre agotamiento profesional y clima ético y elementos de la organización del trabajo.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a associação entre burnout e percepção do clima ético em profissionais de enfermagem de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva covid-19 e a relação com a organização do trabalho na perspectiva dos gestores dessas unidades. Métodos: estudo misto realizado em três hospitais universitários no Sul do Brasil, de dezembro de 2021 a março de 2022. Empregou-se estudo transversal com 110 profissionais de enfermagem, seguido de estudo exploratório-descritivo por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis gestores. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e analítica, e análise textual discursiva. Resultados: evidenciou-se 10% de prevalência de burnout e 24,5% de percepção do clima ético negativo. A associação entre burnout e clima ético revelou sobrecarga e cansaço nas jornadas de trabalho, relacionados à tensão, medo, e estresse, que emergiram das consequências da organização e das relações do trabalho nas UTI covid-19. Conclusões: verificou-se a associação entre burnout e clima ético e elementos da organização do trabalho.

Ethical issues experienced by nurses during covid-19: relationship with moral distress / Problemas éticos vividos por enfermeros durante la covid-19: relación con el sufrimiento moral / Problemas éticos vivenciados por enfermeiros durante à covid-19: relação com o sofrimento moral

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze associations between moral distress and ethical issues experienced by nurses during COVID-19. Method: this is a quantitative, cross-sectional study, carried out with 101 nurses working in university hospitals, between March and May 2022, through socio-occupational issues, ethical implications that lead to moral distress, and the Ethical Issues Experienced by Nurses in Emergency Questionnaire, adapted and validated for Brazilians. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Pearson's chi-square and multiple linear regression were used, and p<0.05 was adopted. Results: the 9 elements attributed to ethical implications were classified with some degree of importance for moral distress, with the highest average in the following items: I feel a commitment, responsibility and moral obligation to provide care to the infected population (4.26) and I have the knowledge or experience to work on the frontline of COVID-19 (3.44). The association of moral distress with ethical issues showed that individuals who attributed high importance to ethical implications also had ethical issues at a moderate/high level, emphasizing a higher mean in questions of "patient care" (4.07). It was evident that participants' moral distress was more affected by the following constructs: "perception of hospital measures against COVID-19" (p=.000), "ethical issues in patient care" (p=.000) and "perception of social stigmatization" (p=.000). Conclusion: when relating ethical issues to moral distress, it was possible to show that COVID-19 generated an abrupt change in nurses' work routine, which hinders adequate decision-making in situations involving issues beyond care, but also at a professional and organizational level, leading to the experience of moral distress.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar asociaciones entre sufrimiento moral y problemas éticos vividos por enfermeros durante la COVID-19. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal, realizado con 101 enfermeros que actúan en hospitales universitarios, entre marzo y mayo de 2022, a través de cuestiones sociolaborales, implicaciones éticas que conducen al sufrimiento moral y del Ethical Issues Experienced by Nurses in Emergency Questionnaire, adaptado y validado para brasileños. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, ANOVA, chi-cuadrado de Pearson y regresión lineal múltiple, y se adoptó p<0,05. Resultados: los 9 elementos atribuidos a implicaciones éticas fueron clasificados con algún grado de importancia para el sufrimiento moral, con mayor promedio en los siguientes ítems: Siento compromiso, responsabilidad y obligación moral de brindar atención a la población infectada (4,26) y tengo conocimiento o experiencia para actuar en la primera línea de COVID-19 (3,44). La asociación del sufrimiento moral con los problemas éticos mostró que los individuos que atribuían alta importancia a las implicaciones éticas también presentaban problemas éticos en un nivel moderado/alto, destacando un promedio más alto en cuestiones de "atención al paciente" (4,07). Se evidenció que el malestar moral de los participantes se vio más afectado por los siguientes constructos: "percepción de las medidas hospitalarias frente al COVID-19" (p=,000), "problemas éticos en la atención al paciente" (p=.000) y "percepción de estigmatización social" (p=,000). Conclusión: al relacionar los problemas éticos con el sufrimiento moral, se pudo evidenciar que el COVID-19 generó un cambio abrupto en la rutina de trabajo de los enfermeros, lo que dificulta la toma de decisiones adecuadas en situaciones que involucran cuestiones más allá del cuidado, pero también a nivel profesional y organizacional que lleva a la experiencia del sufrimiento moral.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar associações entre sofrimento moral e problemas éticos vivenciados por enfermeiros durante à COVID-19. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, realizado com 101 enfermeiros atuantes em hospitais universitários entre março e maio de 2022, por meio de questões sociolaborais, implicações éticas que levam ao sofrimento moral e do Ethical Problems Experienced By Nurses In Emergency Questionnaire adaptado e validado para brasileiros. Empregou-se estatística descritiva, ANOVA, Qui-quadrado de Pearson e regressão linear múltipla, e adotou-se p<0,05. Resultados: os 09 elementos atribuídos às implicações éticas foram classificados com algum grau de importância para o sofrimento moral, apresentando maior média nos seguintes itens: sinto compromisso, responsabilidade e obrigação moral em prestar cuidados à população infectada (4,26) e possuo conhecimento ou experiência para atuar na linha de frente à COVID-19 (3,44). A associação do sofrimento moral aos problemas éticos demonstrou que os indivíduos que atribuíram alta importância às implicações éticas também apresentavam problemas éticos em nível moderado/alto, ressaltando maior média nas questões de "cuidado ao paciente" (4,07). Evidenciou-se que o sofrimento moral dos participantes foi mais afetado pelos seguintes construtos: "percepção das medidas hospitalares contra a COVID-19" (p=,000), "problemas éticos no atendimento a pacientes" (p=,000) e "percepção da estigmatização social" (p=,000). Conclusão: ao relacionar os problemas éticos ao sofrimento moral, foi possível evidenciar que a COVID-19 gerou uma mudança abrupta na rotina de trabalho dos enfermeiros, o que dificulta a tomada de decisão adequada diante situações que envolve questões além do cuidado, mas também em nível profissional e organizacional levando a vivência de sofrimento moral.

Formação Superior em Saúde: relação entre o Letramento em Saúde e o cuidado na perspectiva do SUS / Undergraduate Health: relationship between Health Literacy and care from the SUS perspective

Objetivou-se compreender a relação entre o conceito/uso do Letramento em Saúde e o cuidado na perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde, em estudantes dos cursos de Enfermagem, Medicina e Psicologia de uma universidade no Sul do Brasil. Estudo qualitativo, exploratório descritivo, realizado de maio a dezembro de 2021, com 22 estudantes sendo 5 de Enfermagem, 9 de Medicina e 8 de Psicologia de uma universidade no Sul do Brasil, mediante entrevistas on-line. Utilizou-se a Análise Textual Discursiva. Os resultados demonstraram que a formação não contempla o conceito, mas incorpora elementos do Letramento presentes na formação, na prática e no cuidado. O uso de habilidades para o Letramento tem relação com o cuidado na medida em que a interação entre futuro profissional e usuário instiga o gerenciamento do cuidado integral pelo indivíduo, que adquire e utiliza conhecimento e informação para promover sua saúde e prevenir doenças.

The objective was to understand the relationship between the concept and use of Health Literacy by students of Nursing, Medicine, and Psychology courses at a university in southern Brazil with care from the perspective of the Unified Health System. Qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study, carried out from May to December 2021, with 22 students, five from Nursing, nine from Medicine and eight from Psychology from a university in southern Brazil, through online interviews. Discursive Textual Analysis was used. The results showed that training does not include the concept, but incorporates elements of Literacy present in training, practice, and care. The use of literacy skills is related to care as the interaction between future professionals and users instigates the management of comprehensive care by the individual, who acquires and uses knowledge and information to promote their health and prevent diseases.

Moral suffering among nurse educators of technical courses in nursing.

OBJECTIVE: to understand situations of moral suffering experienced at work by nurse educators of technical courses in nursing. METHOD: a qualitative study with discursive textual analysis by means of semi-structured interviews with ten nurse educators at two professional educational institutions in southern Brazil. RESULTS: two categories were established: lack of commitment on the part of students to the future profession, expressed through disrespect and disregard for the work of nurse educators, with inappropriate behaviors and attitudes; and lack of commitment to the learning-teaching process, expressed by indifference to the professional profile and lack of interest in lessons and care practices associated with learning gaps. CONCLUSION: these situations have an impact on experiences of moral suffering by nurse educators, and show a need for rethinking their practice, relationships, and educational spaces, and implementing strategies to favor the confrontation of dilemmas and conflicts experienced in educational practice in technical courses in nursing.

Conhecimentos dos estudantes de pós-graduação em enfermagem sobre má conduta em pesquisa / Knowledge of nursing postgraduate students about misconduct in research / Conocimiento de estudiantes de postgrado en enfermería sobre la mala conducta en la investigación

Objetivo: analisar os conhecimentos dos estudantes de pós-graduação em enfermagem sobre má conduta em pesquisa. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, norteado pelos critérios do Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research: a synthesis of recommendations, realizada com 40 estudantes de mestrado e doutorado, de uma universidade pública situada no Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por intermédio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, em outubro de 2020, com a utilização de aplicativo síncrono, os quais foram submetidos à análise textual discursiva. O protocolo de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias: Integridade científica versus má conduta: fatores determinantes e Tipos e definições de má conduta. Conclusão: Os pós-graduandos possuem conhecimento coeso relacionado à gravidade dos comportamentos inadequados nas pesquisas científicas, bem como as consequências nocivas advindas dessa conduta, contemplando um domínio abstrato quando relacionado às questões de moralidade e integridade e sua absoluta inversão.

Objective: to examine postgraduate nursing students' knowledge of research misconduct. Method: this exploratory, qualitative, descriptive study, guided by the criteria of the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research: a synthesis of recommendations, considered 40 master's and doctoral students at a public university in southern Brazil. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, in October 2020, using a synchronous application, and treated by textual discourse analysis. The study was approved by the research ethics committee. Results: two categories emerged: "Scientific integrity versus misconduct: determining factors" and "Types and definitions of misconduct". Conclusion: postgraduate students have cohesive knowledge of the severity of inappropriate behavior in scientific research and of the harmful consequences of such conduct, contemplating an abstract domain when related to questions of morality and integrity and their absolute inversion.

Objetivo: analizar el conocimiento de los estudiantes de postgrado en enfermería sobre la mala conducta en investigación. Método: investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria, guiada por los criterios de los Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research: a synthesis of recommendations, realizada junto a 40 estudiantes de máster y doctorado de una universidad pública ubicada en el sur de Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, en octubre de 2020, utilizando una aplicación síncrona, y después sometidos a análisis textual discursivo. El Comité de Ética en Investigación aprobó el protocolo de investigación. Resultados: surgieron dos categorías: Integridad científica versus mala conducta: factores determinantes y Tipos y definiciones de mala conducta. Conclusión: Los estudiantes de postgrado tienen conocimientos cohesionados con respecto a la gravedad de las conductas inadecuadas en la investigación científica, así como las consecuencias nocivas derivadas de esas conductas, contemplando un dominio abstracto cuando relacionado con cuestiones de moralidad e integridad y su inversión absoluta.