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OBJECTIVE: To explore the advantages of using artificial neural networks (ANNs) to recognize patterns in colposcopy to classify images in colposcopy. PURPOSE: Transversal, descriptive, and analytical study of a quantitative approach with an emphasis on diagnosis. The training test e validation set was composed of images collected from patients who underwent colposcopy. These images were provided by a gynecology clinic located in the city of Criciúma (Brazil). The image database (n = 170) was divided; 48 images were used for the training process, 58 images were used for the tests, and 64 images were used for the validation. A hybrid neural network based on Kohonen self-organizing maps and multilayer perceptron (MLP) networks was used. RESULTS: After 126 cycles, the validation was performed. The best results reached an accuracy of 72.15%, a sensibility of 69.78%, and a specificity of 68%. CONCLUSION: Although the preliminary results still exhibit an average efficiency, the present approach is an innovative and promising technique that should be deeply explored in the context of the present study.
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BACKGROUND: Suicide is a public health problem worldwide. Estimates have indicated that over 1 million people commit suicide every year all over the world. Brazil has a moderate suicide death rate (4.1 per 100,000 inhabitants), but the fact that it is a large country leads to the coexistence of diverse characteristics and levels of development across the different Brazilian regions. In this sense, the South region has been shown to present suicide rates above the national average. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the profile of suicide in municipalities comprising the Santa Catarina Coal Mining Region from 1980 to 2007. METHODS: This ecological, time-series, descriptive study sought to characterize epidemiological aspects related to suicide method, marital status, sex, age, and occupation in the municipalities of the region in the years 1980 to 2007. RESULTS: A total of 474 suicides occurred in the period, yielding a mean death rate of 10.83 per 100,000 inhabitants. There was a predominance of males, at a 5:1 ratio, and a peak rate in the 55-64-year age group (11.31 per 100,000 inhabitants). The suicide method most commonly used was hanging (72%) and the most frequent occupation was hard labor work (11.60%); in relation to marital status, married subjects (48%) were the ones with the highest rates of suicide. CONCLUSIONS: The Santa Catarina Coal Mining Region has suicide mortality rates above the national average. This study highlights specific characteristics of suicide in the region and may contribute to the development of preventive measures.
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Modelo do estudo: Estudo de Prevalência. Objetivo do estudo: Conhecer a prevalência dos resultados alterados dos exames preventivos para câncer do colo do útero e a sua regularidade na coleta. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, transversal e retrospectivo. Foram estudadas 3.425 mulheres usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde e 9.436 exames citopatológicos de novembro de 2003 a janeiro de 2014. Resultados: A mediana da idade foi de 35 anos (25,0 - 46,0, percentil 25 a 75%). No primeiro exame citopatológico, 2,7% das mulheres apresentaram alterações em células epiteliais. As Células escamosas atípicas de significado incerto (ASC-US) (n=54; 1,7%) e as lesões intra-epiteliais de baixo grau (LIEBG) (n=24; 0,7%) foram as mais frequentes. Ao longo do período observado houveram 87 novas alterações citopatológicas, totalizando 173 exames alterados em 9.436 analisados. Quanto a regularidade, 58,5% pacientes repetiram a segunda coleta. Conclusões: Houve um perfil predominante de mulheres jovens, sendo o diagnóstico de ASC-US o mais frequente. A flora bacteriana mais frequente foi Lactobacillus principalmente em mulheres jovens. (AU)
Study Model: Prevalence Study. Study objective: To determine the prevalence of the abnormal cervical cancer screening test (PAP) and regularity in repeat it. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study. 3,425 women, users of the Brazilian Unified Health System, and 9,436 cytopathology, conducted from November 2003 to January 2014, were studied. Results: The median age was 35 years (25.0 to 46.0, 25 to 75% percentile). In the first PAP, 2.7% of women examined had alterations in epithelial cells. The atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASC-US) (n = 54; 1.7%), and low-grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (n = 24; 0.7%) were the most frequent alterations found. During the observed period, 87 new abnormal PAPs were found, totalling 173 altered tests in 9436 analysed. Regarding regularity of test, 58.5% patients repeated the second PAP. Conclusions: There was a preferential profile of young women, and the diagnosis of ASC-US was the most frequently found. Lactobacillus, especially in young women, was the main bacterial flora. (AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esfregaço Vaginal , Sondas de DNA de HPV , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of telomerase activity in predicting a higher risk for breast cancer. STUDY DESIGN: A quantitative systematic review was performed. Studies that detected telomerase activities in breast tissue were included. RESULTS: Twenty-five primary studies were analyzed, which included 2395 breast lesions. The proportion of breast cancer was 60.8%. Eighty-two percent (1193/1455) of breast cancer cases and 18% (169/940) of benign lesions cases were positive for telomerase activity. For breast cancer vs benign or normal breast tissue, the pooled likelihood ratio for the presence of telomerase activity was 4.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1-6.5) and the post-test probability was 88% (95% CI, 83-91). For breast cancer vs benign or normal tissue, the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.89 with the Q* point value of 0.82. CONCLUSION: Our systematic review showed that telomerase activity was significantly present in breast cancer when compared with normal breast tissue or benign breast lesions.
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Neoplasias da Mama/enzimologia , Telomerase/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Suicide is a public health problem worldwide. Estimates have indicated that over 1 million people commit suicide every year all over the world. Brazil has a moderate suicide death rate (4.1 per 100,000 inhabitants), but the fact that it is a large country leads to the coexistence of diverse characteristics and levels of development across the different Brazilian regions. In this sense, the South region has been shown to present suicide rates above the national average. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the profile of suicide in municipalities comprising the Santa Catarina Coal Mining Region from 1980 to 2007. METHODS: This ecological, time-series, descriptive study sought to characterize epidemiological aspects related to suicide method, marital status, sex, age, and occupation in the municipalities of the region in the years 1980 to 2007. RESULTS: A total of 474 suicides occurred in the period, yielding a mean death rate of 10.83 per 100,000 inhabitants. There was a predominance of males, at a 5:1 ratio, and a peak rate in the 55-64-year age group (11.31 per 100,000 inhabitants). The suicide method most commonly used was hanging (72%) and the most frequent occupation was hard labor work (11.60%); in relation to marital status, married subjects (48%) were the ones with the highest rates of suicide. CONCLUSIONS: The Santa Catarina Coal Mining Region has suicide mortality rates above the national average. This study highlights specific characteristics of suicide in the region and may contribute to the development of preventive measures
INTRODUÇÃO: O suicídio é um problema mundial de saúde pública. Estimativas apontam que, anualmente, mais de 1 milhão de pessoas cometem suicídio em todo o mundo. O Brasil possui um coeficiente mediano de suicídio (4,1 por 100 mil habitantes), porém o fato de ser um país de grandes dimensões faz com que características e níveis de desenvolvimento variem grandemente em diferentes regiões. Nesse aspecto, o sul do país se destaca por possuir índices acima da média nacional. OBJETIVOS: Estimar o perfil do suicídio nos municípios da Região Carbonífera Catarinense no período de 1980 a 2007. METODOLOGIA: Estudo ecológico, temporal, descritivo, que buscou caracterizar os aspectos epidemiológicos em relação aos meios empregados para cometer suicídio, estado civil, gênero, faixa etária e ocupação nos municípios da região nos anos de 1980 a 2007. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 474 suicídios no período, o que gerou um coeficiente médio de 10,83 por 100.000 habitantes. Houve predomínio masculino, na proporção de 5:1, e pico na faixa etária entre 55 e 64 anos (11,31 por 100.000 habitantes). O meio mais utilizado foi o enforcamento (72%), e a ocupação mais frequente foi a dos trabalhadores braçais (11,60%); em relação ao estado civil, os casados foram os que mais cometeram suicídio (48%). CONCLUSÃO: A Região Carbonífera Catarinense apresenta coeficientes de mortalidade por suicídio acima da média nacional. O presente estudo destaca características próprias do suicídio na região, podendo contribuir para o desenvolvimento de ações preventivas