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1.
Nat Med ; 8(3): 274-81, 2002 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11875499

RESUMO

The importance of Bax for induction of tumor apoptosis through death receptors remains unclear. Here we show that Bax can be essential for death receptor--mediated apoptosis in cancer cells. Bax-deficient human colon carcinoma cells were resistant to death-receptor ligands, whereas Bax-expressing sister clones were sensitive. Bax was dispensable for apical death-receptor signaling events including caspase-8 activation, but crucial for mitochondrial changes and downstream caspase activation. Treatment of colon tumor cells deficient in DNA mismatch repair with the death-receptor ligand apo2 ligand (Apo2L)/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selected in vitro or in vivo for refractory subclones with Bax frameshift mutations including deletions at a novel site. Chemotherapeutic agents upregulated expression of the Apo2L/TRAIL receptor DR5 and the Bax homolog Bak in Baxminus sign/minus sign cells, and restored Apo2L/TRAIL sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Thus, Bax mutation in mismatch repair--deficient tumors can cause resistance to death receptor--targeted therapy, but pre-exposure to chemotherapy rescues tumor sensitivity.


Assuntos
Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal , Apoptose/fisiologia , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2 , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose , Proteína Agonista de Morte Celular de Domínio Interatuante com BH3 , Camptotecina/farmacologia , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Caspase 8 , Caspase 9 , Caspases/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Colo/metabolismo , Ativação Enzimática , Etoposídeo/farmacologia , Proteína de Domínio de Morte Associada a Fas , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mutação , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerase-1 , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases , Proteínas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Distribuição Aleatória , Ligante Indutor de Apoptose Relacionado a TNF , Transplante Heterólogo , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/uso terapêutico , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2
2.
Curr Protoc Mol Biol ; 113(1): 7.22.1-7.22.9, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31773915

RESUMO

Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are extremely abundant, often constituting 80% to 90% of total RNA. Since rRNA sequences are often not of interest in genomic RNA sequencing experiments, rRNAs can be removed from the sample before the library preparation step, in order to prevent the majority of the library and the majority of sequencing reads from being rRNA. Removal of rRNA can be especially challenging for low quality and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) RNA samples due to the fragmented nature of these RNA molecules. The NEBNext rRNA Depletion Kit (Human/Mouse/Rat) depletes both cytoplasmic (5 S rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 18 S rRNA, and 28 S rRNA) and mitochondrial rRNA (12 S rRNA and 16 S rRNA) from total RNA preparations from human, mouse, and rat samples. Due to the high similarity among mammalian rRNA sequences, it is likely that rRNA depletion can also be achieved for other mammals but has not been empirically tested. This product is compatible with both intact and degraded RNA (e.g., FFPE RNA). The resulting rRNA-depleted RNA is suitable for RNA-seq, random-primed cDNA synthesis, or other downstream RNA analysis applications. Regardless of the quality or amount of input RNA, this method efficiently removes rRNA, while retaining non-coding and other non-poly(A) RNAs. The NEBNext rRNA Depletion Kit thus provides a more complete picture of the transcript repertoire than oligo d(T) poly(A) mRNA enrichment methods. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

3.
Oncogene ; 21(22): 3611-9, 2002 May 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12032863

RESUMO

Apo2L/TRAIL exhibits enhanced apoptotic activity in tumor xenograft models when used in combination with the topoisomerase 1 inhibitor CPT-11. To investigate the cellular mechanisms involved in this increased tumor-killing activity, a series of in vitro experiments were conducted using the human colon carcinoma cell line (HCT116). Apo2L/TRAIL induced a transient upregulation of DR5 mRNA, while CPT-11 increased both death and decoy receptor expression. Upregulation of decoy receptors by CPT-11 was partially inhibited by co-administration of Apo2L/TRAIL. CPT-11 treatment resulted in accumulation of cells at G(2)M-phase and correlated with a substantial increase in the protein levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. However, cells co-treated with CPT-11 and Apo2L/TRAIL, or pretreated with CPT-11 for up to 24 h followed by 2 h Apo2L/TRAIL, resulted in a caspase-dependent degradation of p21, reversal of G(2)-M phase arrest with a concomitant increase in apoptosis. The sequential treatment produced the greatest induction of DR5 and DR4, caspase-3-like cleavage/activation and p21 degradation, as well as increased apoptosis. These data indicate that the up-regulation of Apo2L/TRAIL ligand and its death receptors as well as cleavage of p21 protein in the Apo2L/TRAIL plus CPT-11 treatment contributes to the positive cooperation between these agents in enhancing tumor cell apoptosis.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Camptotecina/farmacologia , Ciclinas/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/farmacologia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologia , Apoptose , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose , Camptotecina/análogos & derivados , Camptotecina/antagonistas & inibidores , Carcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma/metabolismo , Carcinoma/patologia , Caspases/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular , Células Cultivadas , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Colo/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p21 , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Irinotecano , Cinética , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patologia , RNA Neoplásico/biossíntese , Ligante Indutor de Apoptose Relacionado a TNF , Células Tumorais Cultivadas
4.
PLoS One ; 7(8): e42882, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22900061

RESUMO

We report a method for Selective Depletion of abundant RNA (SDRNA) species from Human total RNA isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, here demonstrating removal of ribosomal and mitochondrial transcripts from clinical FFPE tissue RNA archived up to 20 years. Importantly, SDRNA removes 98% of targeted RNAs while preserving relative abundance profiles of non-targeted RNAs, enabling routine whole transcriptome analysis of clinically valuable archival tissue specimens by Next-Generation Sequencing.


Assuntos
Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Inclusão em Parafina , RNA Ribossômico , Fixação de Tecidos , Bancos de Espécimes Biológicos , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Biblioteca Gênica , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , RNA , RNA Mitocondrial
5.
PLoS One ; 7(7): e40092, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22808097

RESUMO

RNA biomarkers discovered by RT-PCR-based gene expression profiling of archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue form the basis for widely used clinical diagnostic tests; however, RT-PCR is practically constrained in the number of transcripts that can be interrogated. We have developed and optimized RNA-Seq library chemistry as well as bioinformatics and biostatistical methods for whole transcriptome profiling from FFPE tissue. The chemistry accommodates low RNA inputs and sample multiplexing. These methods both enable rediscovery of RNA biomarkers for disease recurrence risk that were previously identified by RT-PCR analysis of a cohort of 136 patients, and also identify a high percentage of recurrence risk markers that were previously discovered using DNA microarrays in a separate cohort of patients, evidence that this RNA-Seq technology has sufficient precision and sensitivity for biomarker discovery. More than two thousand RNAs are strongly associated with breast cancer recurrence risk in the 136 patient cohort (FDR <10%). Many of these are intronic RNAs for which corresponding exons are not also associated with disease recurrence. A number of the RNAs associated with recurrence risk belong to novel RNA networks. It will be important to test the validity of these novel associations in whole transcriptome RNA-Seq screens of other breast cancer cohorts.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/genética , Inclusão em Parafina , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Fixação de Tecidos , Sequência de Bases , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , DNA Intergênico/genética , Feminino , Formaldeído , Humanos , Íntrons/genética , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , RNA Neoplásico , Fatores de Risco
6.
PLoS One ; 4(2): e4584, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19240792

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Molecular tests for diagnosis of disease, particularly cancer, are gaining increased acceptance by physicians and their patients for disease prognosis and selection of treatment options. Gene expression profiles and genetic mutations are key parameters used for the molecular characterization of tumors. A variety of methods exist for mutation analysis but the development of assays with high selectivity tends to require a process of trial and error, and few are compatible with real-time PCR. We sought to develop a real-time PCR-based mutation assay methodology that successfully addresses these issues. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The method we describe is based on the widely used TaqMan real-time PCR technology, and combines Allele-Specific PCR with a Blocking reagent (ASB-PCR) to suppress amplification of the wildype allele. ASB-PCR can be used for detection of germ line or somatic mutations in either DNA or RNA extracted from any type of tissue, including formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor specimens. A set of reagent design rules was developed enabling sensitive and selective detection of single point substitutions, insertions, or deletions against a background of wild-type allele in thousand-fold or greater excess. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: ASB-PCR is a simple and robust method for assaying single nucleotide mutations and polymorphisms within the widely used TaqMan protocol for real time RT-PCR. The ASB-PCR design rules consistently produce highly selective mutation assays while obviating the need for redesign and optimization of the assay reagents. The method is compatible with formalin-fixed tissue and simultaneous analysis of gene expression by RT-PCR on the same plate. No proprietary reagents other than those for TaqMan chemistry are required, so the method can be performed in any research laboratory with real-time PCR capability.


Assuntos
Análise Mutacional de DNA/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Análise Mutacional de DNA/normas , Humanos , Métodos , Mutação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/normas , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico
7.
J Peripher Nerv Syst ; 7(3): 190-7, 2002 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12365567

RESUMO

Precursors of NGF have been shown to be the predominant forms of this neurotrophin in human brain and peripheral tissues, and proNGF has been shown recently to preferentially bind p75NTR with high affinity. In our studies of human and rat skin and nerve extracts, a 53 kDa band was detected by Western blot using antibodies against rhNGF or prepro-NGF (-91 to -60), that could correspond to a previously described modified prepro-NGF-like molecule. The relative optical intensity of the 53-kDa bands was markedly reduced in skin extracts from patients with subclinical diabetic neuropathy (diabetic: 1.5, 1.0-8.0, n = 6; controls: 52.0, 23.0-85.0, n = 6, p = 0.0022) but was increased in extracts of inflamed colon from patients with Crohn's disease (inflamed: median 12.0, range 0.1-12.0, n = 11: controls: 0.1, 0.1-3.0, n = 8, p = 0.0055). Antibodies to both rhNGF and prepro-NGF immunostained basal keratinocytes in tissue sections of normal human and rat skin showed accumulation of immunoreactivity in nerve fibers distal to sciatic nerve ligation in rats. Prepro-NGF antibody immunostained rat large/medium sensory neurons, whereas only small sensory neurons were stained with antibodies to mature rhNGF, suggesting that prepro-NGF may be preferentially taken up and transported by p75NTR. The different molecular forms derived from prepro-NGF are likely to be of importance in sensory mechanisms, and deserve further investigation.


Assuntos
Neuropatias Diabéticas/metabolismo , Regulação para Baixo/fisiologia , Fator de Crescimento Neural/metabolismo , Precursores de Proteínas/metabolismo , Pele/metabolismo , Animais , Gânglios Espinais/química , Gânglios Espinais/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Fator de Crescimento Neural/análise , Fatores de Crescimento Neural/química , Fatores de Crescimento Neural/metabolismo , Precursores de Proteínas/análise , Precursores de Proteínas/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Nervo Isquiático/química , Nervo Isquiático/metabolismo , Pele/química
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