RESUMO
The lifeblood of any specialty is innovation and discovery. It is important for the field of otolaryngology and its patients that we identify, recruit, train, and develop the next generation of researchers in otolaryngology. This article describes programs and resources currently available to otolaryngologists in training and early in their career for their development as clinician-scientists. We describe the background of the current generation of National Institutes of Health-funded otolaryngologists and discern where the next generation might come from. Special attention is given to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, which focuses on supporting research and research training in hearing, balance, smell, taste, voice, speech, and language, and to programs aimed at the development of clinician-scientists.
Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica , Otolaringologia , Sociedades Médicas , Escolha da Profissão , Bolsas de Estudo , Feminino , Previsões , Humanos , Internato e Residência , Masculino , Mentores , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Otolaringologia/educação , Otolaringologia/tendências , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Otolaringologia/educação , Pesquisa/educação , Escolha da Profissão , Currículo , Docentes de Medicina , Humanos , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Objetivos Organizacionais , Otolaringologia/economia , Otolaringologia/organização & administração , Seleção de Pessoal , Pesquisa/economia , Pesquisa/organização & administração , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto , Sociedades Médicas , Desenvolvimento de Pessoal , Estados UnidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To generate normative values for performance on the modified Romberg Test of Standing Balance on Firm and Compliant Support Surfaces stratified by age, sex, and race/ethnicity and to determine fall risk associated with different levels of performance. STUDY DESIGN: National cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Ambulatory examination centers. PATIENTS: U.S. adults 40 years and older who participated in the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 5,086). INTERVENTIONS: Time to failure on the modified Romberg Test of Standing Balance on Firm and Compliant Support Surfaces. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: History of falling in the previous 12 months. RESULTS: We observed that the time to failure decreased with increasing age across all sex and race/ethnicity categories. We found that once individuals went below a time to failure of 20 seconds, there was a significant greater than 3-fold increase in the odds of falling. In general, participants crossed the 20-second threshold at the age of 60 to 69 years. CONCLUSION: We established nationally representative normative values for performance on the modified Romberg test and noted differences in the rates of change across demographic groups. In addition, we demonstrated the fall risk associated with different levels of performance. These data will aid the clinician in interpreting and risk stratifying their patient's performance on this postural test.