RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine which factors are associated with delays in door-to needle (DTN) time in our hospital. This will help us design future strategies to shorten time to treatment with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of patients with ischaemic stroke treated with IVT in our hospital between 2009 and 2012. We analysed the relationship between DTN time and the following variables: age, sex, personal medical history, onset-to-door time, pre-hospital stroke code activation, blood pressure and blood glucose level, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), computed tomography angiography (CTA) and/or doppler/duplex ultrasound (DUS) performed before IVT, time to hospital arrival, and day of the week and year of stroke. RESULTS: Our hospital treated 239 patients. Median time to treatment in minutes (IQR): onset-to-door, 84 (60-120); door-to-CT, 17 (13-24.75); CT-to needle, 34 (26-47); door-to-needle, 52 (43-70); onset-to-needle, 145 (120-180). Door-to-needle time was significantly shorter when code stroke was activated, at 51 vs. 72min (P=0.008), and longer when CTA was performed, at 59 vs. 48.5min (P=0.004); it was also longer with an onset-to-door time<90min, at 58 vs. 48min (P=0.003). The multivariate linear regression analysis detected 2 factors affecting DTN: code stroke activation (26.3% reduction; P<0.001) and onset-to-door time (every 30min of onset-to-door delay corresponded to a 4.7min increase in DTN time [P=0.02]). On the other hand, CTA resulted in a 13.4% increase in DTN (P=0.03). No other factors had a significant influence on door-to-needle time. CONCLUSIONS: This study enabled us to identify CTA and the «3-hour effect¼ as the 2 factors that delay IVT in our hospital. In contrast, activating code stroke clearly reduces DTN. This information will be useful in our future attempts to reduce door-to-needle times.
Assuntos
Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Centros de Atenção Terciária/estatística & dados numéricos , Terapia Trombolítica/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo para o Tratamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Population ageing, the rising demand for healthcare, and the establishment of acute stroke treatment programs have given rise to increases in the number and complexity of neurological emergency cases. Nevertheless, many centres in Spain still lack on-call emergency neurologists. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study to describe the role of on-call neurologists at Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, a tertiary care centre in Madrid, Spain. Sociodemographic characteristics, most common pathologies, diagnostic tests, and destination of the patients attended were recorded daily using a computer database. Results were compared with the general care data from the emergency department. RESULTS: The team attended 3234 patients (3.48% of the emergency department total). The mean number of patients seen per day was 11.15. The most frequent pathologies were stroke (34%), epilepsy (16%) and headache (8%). The mean stay in the emergency department was 7.17 hours. Hospital admission rate was 40% (7.38% of emergency hospital admissions). The main destinations for admitted patients were the stroke unit (39.5%) and the neurology department (33%). Endovascular or thrombolytic therapies were performed on 76 occasions. Doctors attended 70% of the patients during on-call hours. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency neurological care is varied, complex, and frequently necessary. Neurological cases account for a sizeable percentage of both patient visits to the emergency room and the total number of emergency admissions. The current data confirm that on-call neurologists available on a 24-hour basis are needed in emergency departments.
Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Centros de Atenção Terciária/estatística & dados numéricos , Carga de Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Neurologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha , Recursos HumanosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The A-S-C-O classification may be better than other methods for classifying ischaemic stroke by aetiology. Our aims are to describe A-S-C-O phenotype distribution (A: atherosclerosis, S: small vessel disease, C: cardiac source, O: other causes; 1: potential cause, 2: causality uncertain, 3: unlikely to be a direct cause although disease is present) and compare them to the Spanish Society of Neurology's Cerebrovascular Disease Study Group (GEECV/SEN) classification. We will also find the degree of concordance between these classification methods and determine whether using the A-S-C-O classification delivers a smaller percentage of strokes of undetermined cause. METHODS: We analysed those patients with ischaemic stroke admitted to our stroke unit in 2010 with strokes that were classified according to GEECV/SEN and A-S-C-O criteria. RESULTS: The study included 496 patients. The percentages of strokes caused by atherosclerosis and small vessel disease according to GEECV/SEN criteria were higher than the percentages for potential atherosclerotic stroke (A1) (14.1 vs. 11.9%; P=.16) and potential small vessel stroke (S1) (14.3 vs. 3%; P<.001). Cardioembolic stroke (C1) was more frequent (22.2 vs. 31%; P<.001). No differences between unusual cause of stroke and other potential causes (O1) were observed. Some degree of atherosclerosis was present in 53.5% of patients (A1, A2, or A3); 65.5% showed markers of small vessel disease (S1, S2, or S3), and 74.9% showed signs of cardioembolism (C1, C2, or C3). Fewer patients in the group without scores of 1 or 2 for any of the A-S-C-O phenotypes were identified as having a stroke of undetermined cause (46.6 vs. 29.2%; P<.001). The agreement between the 2 classifications ranged from κ<0.2 (small vessel and S1) to κ>0.8 (unusual causes and O1). CONCLUSION: Our results show that GEECV/SEN and A-S-C-O classifications are neither fully comparable nor consistent. Using the A-S-C-O classification provided additional information on co-morbidities and delivered a smaller percentage of strokes classified as having an undetermined cause.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/classificação , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/classificação , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aterosclerose/complicações , Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Doenças de Pequenos Vasos Cerebrais/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Embolia Intracraniana/complicações , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/classificação , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espanha , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologiaRESUMO
AIM: To describe the information provided by transcranial color-coded duplex (TCCD) sonography for therapeutic decision-making in patients with acute ischemic stroke and to analyze the relationship between TCCD findings and the severity and prognosis of stroke. PATIENTS AND METHODS: TCCD performed within the six first hours after an acute ischemic stroke were analyzed in our institution. The presence of an arterial occlusion and its location were collected using TIBI (Thrombolysis in Brain Ischemia) and COGIF (Consensus on Grading Intracranial Flow Obstruction) criteria. Arterial recanalization within 24 hours after stroke was determined using TIBI and COGIF criteria. Favorable functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale from 0 to 2 at three months. RESULTS: TCCD was performed in 104 patients, 85 were treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Arterial occlusion was detected in 79.8% of patients. The detection of arterial occlusion with TCCD allowed the selection for endovascular treatment in 23.1% of patients. Arterial occlusion was associated with a higher severity of stroke. Recanalization was detected in 44.1% using TIBI and 45.8% according to COGIF criteria. 80.8% of recanalized patients and only 39.5% of not recanalized had a favorable functional outcome at three months. Recanalization rate depended on the location of arterial occlusion. CONCLUSION: TCCD is a useful technique for the detection and location of arterial occlusion. It provides valuable prognostic information and allows selecting patients for endovascular recanalizing therapies. TIBI and COGIF scores provide a comparable information.
TITLE: Implicaciones diagnosticas, pronosticas y terapeuticas del duplex color transcraneal en el ictus isquemico agudo: validacion de los grados TIBI y COGIF.Objetivo. Describir la informacion aportada por el duplex color transcraneal (DCTC) en pacientes con ictus isquemico agudo, analizando la relacion entre los hallazgos del DCTC, la gravedad y el pronostico, asi como su utilidad en la toma de decisiones terapeuticas. Pacientes y metodos. Analizamos los DCTC realizados a pacientes con ictus agudo de menos de seis horas de evolucion. Recogimos la existencia de oclusion arterial empleando las clasificaciones TIBI (Thrombolysis in Brain Ischemia) y COGIF (Consensus on Grading Intracranial Flow Obstruction). Determinamos la recanalizacion arterial a las 24 horas del ictus empleando criterios TIBI y COGIF. Consideramos buena evolucion funcional puntuaciones en la escala de Rankin de 0 a 2 a los tres meses. Resultados. Realizamos DCTC en 104 pacientes, 85 tratados con trombolisis intravenosa. Objetivamos oclusion arterial en el 79,8%. La deteccion de una oclusion arterial mediante DCTC permitio indicar tratamiento endovascular en el 23,1% de los pacientes. La presencia de oclusion arterial se asocio a mayor gravedad del ictus. Detectamos recanalizacion arterial en el 44,1% segun los criterios TIBI y en el 45,8% segun los criterios COGIF. El 80,8% de los pacientes que recanalizaron y solo el 39,5% de los que no recanalizaron obtuvieron una buena evolucion funcional a los tres meses. La recanalizacion dependio de la localizacion de la oclusion arterial. Conclusiones. El DCTC es util para deteccion y localizacion de oclusion arterial, aporta informacion pronostica valiosa y permite seleccionar pacientes para el empleo de terapias endovasculares. La informacion aportada por las clasificaciones TIBI y COGIF es equiparable.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia Doppler Transcraniana , Humanos , Prognóstico , Terapia Trombolítica , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Objetivo: Identificar los factores que influyen en el tiempo puerta-aguja (tiempo P-A) en la administración de trombólisis intravenosa (TIV) en un hospital terciario para diseñar futuras estrategias que acorten los tiempos. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes tratados con TIV entre 2009 y 2012. Analizamos la relación entre el tiempo P-A y los siguientes factores: edad, sexo, antecedentes personales, tiempo inicio-puerta, activación de código ictus extrahospitalario (CIE), glucemia y presión arterial basal, NIHSS basal, realización de angio-TC o estudio neurosonológico previo, hora de llegada al hospital, día de la semana y año del ictus. Resultados: Hubo un total de 239 pacientes tratados. Tiempos de actuación en min (mediana [rango intercuartílico]): tiempo inicio-puerta 84 (60-120); tiempo puerta-TC 17 (13-24,75) tiempo TC-aguja 34 (26-47); tiempo puerta-aguja 52 (43-70); tiempo inicio-aguja 145 (120-180). El tiempo P-A fue significativamente menor con la activación del CIE: 51 vs. 72 (p = 0,008), y mayor con la realización de angio-TC: 59 vs. 48,5 (p = 0,004) y con tiempo inicio-puerta < 90 min: 58 vs. 48 (p = 0,003). En el análisis de regresión lineal múltiple 2 factores redujeron significativamente el tiempo P-A: la activación de CIE (reducción=26,3%; p < 0,001) y el tiempo inicio-puerta (por cada 30 min de tiempo inicio-puerta, el tiempo P-A se acortó 4,7 min; p = 0,02). Por el contrario realizar una angio-TC aumentó un 13,4% el tiempo P-A (p = 0,03). Los demás factores no influyeron significativamente en el tiempo P-A. Conclusiones: La realización de angio-TC y el «efecto de las 3 h» son 2 factores que retrasan el inicio de la TIV en nuestro hospital. Por el contrario el CIE reduce claramente los tiempos P-A. Los resultados de este estudio nos han permitido identificar qué factores retrasan nuestra actuación y servirán en un futuro para intentar disminuir los tiempos P-A en nuestro hospital
Objective: This study aims to determine which factors are associated with delays in door-to needle (DTN) time in our hospital. This will help us design future strategies to shorten time to treatment with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Methods: Retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of patients with ischaemic stroke treated with IVT in our hospital between 2009 and 2012. We analysed the relationship between DTN time and the following variables: age, sex, personal medical history, onset-to-door time, pre-hospital stroke code activation, blood pressure and blood glucose level, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), computed tomography angiography (CTA) and/or doppler/duplex ultrasound (DUS) performed before IVT, time to hospital arrival, and day of the week and year of stroke. Results: Our hospital treated 239 patients. Median time to treatment in minutes (IQR): onset-to-door, 84 (60-120); door-to-CT, 17 (13-24.75); CT-to needle, 34 (26-47); door-to-needle, 52 (43-70); onset-to-needle, 145 (120-180). Door-to-needle time was significantly shorter when code stroke was activated, at 51 vs. 72 min (P = 0.008), and longer when CTA was performed, at 59 vs. 48.5 min (P = 0.004); it was also longer with an onset-to-door time < 90 min, at 58 vs. 48 min (P = 0.003). The multivariate linear regression analysis detected 2 factors affecting DTN: code stroke activation (26.3% reduction; P < 0.001) and onset-to-door time (every 30 min of onset-to-door delay corresponded to a 4.7min increase in DTN time [P = 0.02]). On the other hand, CTA resulted in a 13.4% increase in DTN (P = 0.03). No other factors had a significant influence on door-to-needle time. Conclusions: This study enabled us to identify CTA and the «3-hour effect» as the 2 factors that delay IVT in our hospital. In contrast, activating code stroke clearly reduces DTN. This information will be useful in our future attempts to reduce door-to-needle times
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Feminino , Terapia Trombolítica/instrumentação , Terapia Trombolítica/métodos , Terapia Trombolítica , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Glicemia/análise , Pressão Arterial , Pressão Arterial/fisiologia , Modelos Lineares , Regulação e Fiscalização em Saúde , 28599RESUMO
Introducción: El envejecimiento poblacional, el aumento en la demanda asistencial y la instauración de tratamientos avanzados para el ictus agudo han originado que las urgencias neurológicas crezcan en número y complejidad. A pesar de esto, muchos centros hospitalarios de España carecen de guardias específicas de Neurología. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo durante un año (agosto 2010-julio 2011), que describe la labor asistencial del equipo de guardia de Neurología del Hospital terciario Gregorio Marañón de Madrid. Se recogieron las características sociodemográficas, las principales afecciones, las pruebas diagnósticas y el flujo de los pacientes atendidos, utilizando un registro diario mediante una base de datos informatizada. Los resultados fueron comparados con la asistencia médica general en urgencias. Resultados: Se atendió a 3.234 pacientes (3,48% del total de urgencias médicas), con una media de 11,15 pacientes/día. La edad media fue de 59 años. Las enfermedades más frecuentes fueron la cerebrovascular (34%), epilepsia (16%) y cefalea (8%). La estancia media en urgencias fue de 7,17 h. La tasa de ingreso hospitalario fue del 40% (7,38% del total de ingresos urgentes por afección médica). Los principales destinos de los pacientes hospitalizados fueron Unidad de Ictus (39,5%) y la planta de Neurología (33%). Se realizaron 76 procedimientos trombolíticos o intravasculares en ictus agudos. El 70% de los pacientes fue valorado fuera del horario laboral. Conclusiones: La atención neurológica es frecuente, variada y compleja, representando un alto porcentaje sobre el total de paciente atendidos o ingresados en urgencias. Nuestros resultados justifican la presencia física de un neurólogo de guardia 24 h en urgencias
Introduction: Population ageing, the rising demand for healthcare, and the establishment of acute stroke treatment programs have given rise to increases in the number and complexity of neurological emergency cases. Nevertheless, many centres in Spain still lack on-call emergency neurologists. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to describe the role of on-call neurologists at Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, a tertiary care centre in Madrid, Spain. Sociodemographic characteristics, most common pathologies, diagnostic tests, and destination of the patients attended were recorded daily using a computer database. Results were compared with the general care data from the emergency department. Results: The team attended 3234 patients (3.48% of the emergency department total). The mean number of patients seen per day was 11.15. The most frequent pathologies were stroke (34%), epilepsy (16%) and headache (8%). The mean stay in the emergency department was 7.17 hours. Hospital admission rate was 40% (7.38% of emergency hospital admissions). The main destinations for admitted patients were the stroke unit (39.5%) and the neurology department (33%). Endovascular or thrombolytic therapies were performed on 76 occasions. Doctors attended 70% of the patients during on-call hours. Conclusions: Emergency neurological care is varied, complex, and frequently necessary. Neurological cases account for a sizeable percentage of both patient visits to the emergency room and the total number of emergency admissions. The current data confirm that on-call neurologists available on a 24-hour basis are needed in emergency departments
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Unidades Hospitalares/organização & administração , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Tratamento de Emergência/métodos , Registros de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Introducción: La nueva clasificación A-S-C-O puede suponer una mejora en la clasificación etiológica del ictus isquémico. Nuestros objetivos son describir la distribución de los fenotipos A-S-C-O (A: aterotrombótico, S: «small vessel» pequeño vaso, C: cardioembólico, O: otras causas; 1: causa probable, 2: causa posible, 3: enfermedad presente, pero causa improbable), compararlos con la clasificación del Grupo de Estudio de Enfermedades Cerebrovasculares de la Sociedad Española (GEECV/SEN), conocer la concordancia entre ambas clasificaciones y determinar si la clasificación A-S-C-O reduce la proporción de ictus de causa indeterminada. Métodos: Analizamos los pacientes con ictus isquémicos ingresados en nuestra unidad de ictus durante el 2010, clasificados según las clasificaciones GEECV/SEN y A-S-C-O. Resultados: Incluímos 496 pacientes. La proporción de ictus aterotrombóticos y por enfermedad de pequeño vaso según criterios GEECV/SEN fue mayor al porcentaje de ictus aterotrombótico probable (A1) (14,1 vs. 11,9%; p = 0,16) e ictus por enfermedad de pequeño vaso probable (S1) (14,3 vs. 3%; p < 0,001). Los ictus cardioembólicos probables (C1) fueron más frecuentes (22,2 vs. 31%; p < 0,001). No observamos diferencias entre los ictus de causa infrecuente y otras causas probables (O1). Un 53,5% presentó algún grado de ateromatosis (A1, A2 o A3), el 65,5% rasgos de pequeño vaso (S1, S2 o S3) y el 74,9% características cardioembólicas (C1, C2 o C3). Una menor proporción de pacientes se clasificaron como de origen indeterminado al considerar aquellos que no obtuvieron puntuación 1 o 2 en ninguno de los fenotipos A-S-C-O (46,6 vs. 29,2%; p < 0,001). La concordancia entre ambas clasificaciones osciló entre κ < 0,2 (pequeño vaso y S1) y κ > 0,8 (causa infrecuente y O1). Conclusión: Nuestros resultados muestran que las clasificaciones GEECV/SEN y A-S-C-O no son plenamente comparables ni concordantes. La clasificación A-S-C-O aportó información adicional sobre enfermedades coexistentes y permitió reducir la proporción de ictus clasificados como de causa indeterminada (AU)
Introduction: The A-S-C-O classification may be better than other methods for classifying ischaemic stroke by aetiology. Our aims are to describe A-S-C-O phenotype distribution (A: atherosclerosis, S: small vessel disease, C: cardiac source, O: other causes; 1: potential cause, 2: causality uncertain, 3: unlikely to be a direct cause although disease is present) and compare them to the Spanish Society of Neurologys Cerebrovascular Disease Study Group (GEECV/SEN) classification. We will also find the degree of concordance between these classification methods and determine whether using the A-S-C-O classification delivers a smaller percentage of strokes of undetermined cause. Methods: We analysed those patients with ischaemic stroke admitted to our stroke unit in 2010 with strokes that were classified according to GEECV/SEN and A-S-C-O criteria. Results: The study included 496 patients. The percentages of strokes caused by atherosclerosis and small vessel disease according to GEECV/SEN criteria were higher than the percentages for potential atherosclerotic stroke (A1) (14.1 vs. 11.9%; P=.16) and potential small vessel stroke (S1) (14.3 vs. 3%;P<.001). Cardioembolic stroke (C1) was more frequent (22.2 vs. 31%; P<.001). No differences between unusual cause of stroke and other potential causes (O1) were observed. Some degree of atherosclerosis was present in 53.5% of patients (A1, A2, or A3); 65.5% showed markers of small vessel disease (S1, S2, or S3), and 74.9% showed signs of cardioembolism (C1, C2, or C3). Fewer patients in the group without scores of 1 or 2 for any of the A-S-C-O phenotypes were identified as having a stroke of undetermined cause (46.6 vs. 29.2%; P<.001). The agreement between the 2 classifications ranged from κ<0.2 (small vessel and S1) to κ>0.8 (unusual causes and O1). Conclusion: Our results show that GEECV/SEN and A-S-C-O classifications are neither fully comparable nor consistent. Using the A-S-C-O classification provided additional information on co-morbidities and delivered a smaller percentage of strokes classified as having an undetermined cause (AU)