RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and spectrum of diseases that predispose to sudden cardiac death in Mexican children, and to identify the main early signs and symptoms that can enable the health personnel to suspect these diseases and to refer the patients to a tertiary hospital in a timely manner. METHODS: Incidence, prevalence, and period prevalence, as well as early symptoms, clinical data, and follow-up were recorded on all children found with diseases that predispose to sudden cardiac death in The Children's Hospital of Mexico. RESULTS: The study included 59 patients, with a mean age of 8 ± 5 years old, with 40 cardiomyopathies, and 19 with inherited arrhythmogenic diseases. The period prevalence was 9.5/1,000 patients/year. The most common early symptoms were dyspnoea, palpitations, and syncope. A Mendelian inheritance pattern was found in 9 cases. Three patients died of sudden cardiac death during the period of the study. CONCLUSION: Diseases that predispose to sudden cardiac death in children are not very well known by the general medical community. Every child with dyspnoea, palpitations and/or syncope, should be referred for the intensive search of these diseases. A complete cardiological evaluation in all members of the family is indicated.
Assuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatias/epidemiologia , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Dispneia/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Arritmias Cardíacas/complicações , Cardiomiopatias/complicações , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/etiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hospitais Pediátricos , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Síncope/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Scimitar syndrome consists in a rare malformation characterized by a partial abnormal connection in one or both right pulmonary veins to the inferior vena cava, right lung hypoplasia and systemic circulation from the descending aorta. Scimitar syndrome is occasionally associated to other congenital malformations, such as patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). CASE REPORT: We report a 4-year-old patient with "adult" variety of scimitar syndrome associated to symptomatic PDA, which was successfully occluded using retrograde guidewire-established femoral arteriovenous loop with an Amplatzer® PDA occluder, without complications. CONCLUSIONS: Scimitar syndrome is complex and requires a complete hemodynamic study for the determination of the appropriate treatment. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a factor associated with poor prognosis.
Assuntos
Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/métodos , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/cirurgia , Síndrome de Cimitarra/cirurgia , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/instrumentação , Pré-Escolar , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome de Cimitarra/fisiopatologia , Dispositivo para Oclusão SeptalRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y espectro de las enfermedades que predisponen la muerte súbita cardiaca en niños mexicanos e identificar los principales signos y síntomas tempranos que pueden permitir al personal de salud sospechar acerca de estas enfermedades y referir a los pacientes a un hospital de tercer nivel de manera temprana. Métodos: La incidencia, prevalencia y prevalencia de periodo, así como los primeros síntomas, los datos clínicos y el seguimiento, se describen en todos los niños con enfermedades que predisponen a la muerte súbita cardiaca en el Hospital Infantil de México. Resultados: Cincuenta y nueve pacientes de 8 ± 5 años, 40 con miocardiopatías y 19 con enfermedades arritmogénicas hereditarias. La prevalencia del periodo fue de 9.5/1,000 pacientes/año. Los primeros síntomas más comunes fueron disnea, palpitaciones y síncope. En 9 casos se encontró un patrón de herencia mendeliana. Tres pacientes fallecieron de muerte súbita cardiaca durante el periodo de estudio. Conclusión: Las enfermedades que predisponen a la muerte súbita cardiaca en los niños no son muy conocidas por la comunidad médica y general. Todo niño con disnea, palpitaciones y/o síncope debe referirse para la búsqueda intensiva de estas enfermedades. Una evaluación cardiológica completa en todos los miembros de la familia está indicada.
Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence and spectrum of diseases that predispose to sudden cardiac death in Mexican children, and to identify the main early signs and symptoms that can enable the health personnel to suspect these diseases and to refer the patients to a tertiary hospital in a timely manner. Methods: Incidence, prevalence, and period prevalence, as well as early symptoms, clinical data, and follow-up were recorded on all children found with diseases that predispose to sudden cardiac death in The Children's Hospital of Mexico. Results: The study included 59 patients, with a mean age of 8 ± 5 years old, with 40 cardiomyopathies, and 19 with inherited arrhythmogenic diseases. The period prevalence was 9.5/1,000 patients/year. The most common early symptoms were dyspnoea, palpitations, and syncope. A Mendelian inheritance pattern was found in 9 cases. Three patients died of sudden cardiac death during the period of the study. Conclusion: Diseases that predispose to sudden cardiac death in children are not very well known by the general medical community. Every child with dyspnoea, palpitations and/or syncope, should be referred for the intensive search of these diseases. A complete cardiological evaluation in all members of the family is indicated.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Arritmias Cardíacas/epidemiologia , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Dispneia/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatias/epidemiologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/complicações , Síncope/epidemiologia , Incidência , Prevalência , Seguimentos , Estudos Longitudinais , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/etiologia , Hospitais Pediátricos , México/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatias/complicaçõesRESUMO
Neonatal lupus has a rare incidence, distinct from systemic lupus erythematosus. This is an acquired autoimmune disease associated with maternal antibodies to proteins Ro / La (SSA /SSB), transferred by the placenta; it represents the prototype of passive transfer of antibodies from mother to child. The disease can affect the skin, heart, and rarely, the hepatobiliary or hematologic systems. Congenital complete heart block is the most severe form of neonatal lupus. In clinical practice it is important to distinguish in utero a complete from an incomplete atrioventricular block (AV) in order to render prompt care. We present the case of a new born female, who was diagnosed with an atrio-ventricular block at 26 weeksí gestation. When the baby was delivered at 38 weeksí gestation, she presented bradycardia (54 xí). On the suspicion of neonatal lupus, we required antinuclear antibodies, anti-Sm, anti-RNP, anti-SS-A and anti-SS-B, which were positive. A bicameral pacemaker was placed uneventfully.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antinucleares , Mães , Doenças Autoimunes , Bradicardia , Humanos , PeleRESUMO
Resumen: Introducción: El síndrome de la cimitarra consiste en una rara malformación, caracterizada por una conexión anómala parcial de una o ambas venas pulmonares derechas a la vena cava inferior, hipoplasia de pulmón derecho y circulación sistémica desde la aorta descendente. El síndrome de la cimitarra en ocasiones se asocia con otras malformaciones congénitas, entre las que se incluye la persistencia del conducto arterioso (PCA). Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino de cuatro años de edad con síndrome de la cimitarra, variedad ''adulto'', asociado con PCA sintomático. Se realizó exitosamente oclusión del conducto mediante un asa arteriovenosa femoral con un dispositivo Amplatzer® PDA, sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: El manejo del síndrome de la cimitarra es complejo y amerita de un estudio hemodinámico completo para determinar el tratamiento adecuado. La hipertensión arterial pulmonar es un factor de mal pronóstico.
Abstract: Background: Scimitar syndrome consists in a rare malformation characterized by a partial abnormal connection in one or both right pulmonary veins to the inferior vena cava, right lung hypoplasia and systemic circulation from the descending aorta. Scimitar syndrome is occasionally associated to other congenital malformations, such as patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Case report: We report a 4-year-old patient with ''adult'' variety of scimitar syndrome associated to symptomatic PDA, which was successfully occluded using retrograde guidewire-established femoral arteriovenous loop with an Amplatzer® PDA occluder, without complications. Conclusions: Scimitar syndrome is complex and requires a complete hemodynamic study for the determination of the appropriate treatment. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a factor associated with poor prognosis.
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome de Cimitarra/cirurgia , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/métodos , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/cirurgia , Síndrome de Cimitarra/fisiopatologia , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/instrumentação , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/patologia , Dispositivo para Oclusão SeptalRESUMO
Introducción. Objetivos: determinar el riesgo de complicaciones del cateterismo cardiaco diagnóstico y terapéutico en el período neonatal, y evaluar los resultados obtenidos. Métodos. Se revisaron 95 cateterismos cardiacos consecutivos llevados a cabo en pacientes menores de 28 días que representaron 3.2% de 2 879 cateterismos practicados de 1991 a 2006 en el Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Resultados. La edad media fue 17.5 ± 0.7 días, peso 2.9 ± 0.98 kg, 59% del género masculino. En 73 (77%) se llevó a cabo un cateterismo terapéutico (Cat-T) y en 22 (23%) un cateterismo diagnóstico (Cat-D). Las técnicas de Cat-T incluyeron: septostomía atrial en 54 pacientes, valvuloplastia aórtica en 8, valvuloplastia pulmonar en 5, angioplastia de coartación aórtica en 3, implantación de marcapasos transvenosos en 2 y férula al conducto arterioso en 1. Se consideraron 24 (25.2%) de complicaciones mayores y 14 (14-7%) menores; en las primeras, las arritmias y las alteraciones vasculares fueron las más comunes; sin embargo, sólo 5 pacientes con complicaciones (5.2%) necesitó de algún procedimiento quirúrgico de urgencia. La muerte atribuible directamente al cateterismo cardiaco ocurrió en 2 casos (2.1%). En los 22 casos de Cat-D la correlación del diagnóstico anatómico con los hallazgos quirúrgicos fue excelente. En los 73 Cat-T, se logró una paliación o corrección satisfactoria en 94.6%. Conclusiones. Estos resultados confirman que el cateterismo cardiaco puede llevarse a cabo en el neonato con buenos resultados, independientemente de la edad y estado crítico; aunque el riesgo de complicaciones es alto, la posibilidad de muerte es baja. En este grupo de pacientes sumamente graves los resultados son alentadores.
Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the relative risks of diagnostic and interventional catheterization in the neonate and to evaluate outcomes. Methods. A study of 95 consecutive cardiac catheterizations in neonates was undertaken (3.2% of 2 879 paediatric procedures done from 1991 to 2006) at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez. Results. Mean age was 17.5 ± 0.7 days, mean weight of 2.9 ± 0.98 kg, 59% were males. A therapeutic catheterization (Cat-T) was performed in 73 patients (77%), and a diagnostic procedure (Cat-D) in the remaining 22 (23%). The Cat-T procedures included: atrial septostomy in 54, aortic valvuloplasty in 8, pulmonary valvuloplasty in 5, aortic angioplasty in 3, transvenous pacemaker in 2 and stenting of ductus arteriosus in 1. In the 22 Cat-D procedures, the results correlated well with surgical findings, while a satisfactory palliation or correction was achieved in 94.6% of the 73 Cat-T. One or more complications occurred in 32/73 (40%) Cat-T, and in 6/22 (27.2%) Cat-D procedures. Considering the whole experience, 24 (25.2%) complications were qualified as major and 14 (14-7%) as minor. Of the former, arrhythmias and vascular lesions were the most common; however, only 5 patients (5.2%) required urgent surgical intervention. Death as a result of catheterization occurred in 2 cases (2.1%). An excellent correlation with surgical findings was obtained in the 22 Cat-D cases, whereas a satisfactory palliation was achieved in 69 of 73 Cat-T procedures (94-6%). Conclusions. These results confirm that cardiac catheterization in the neonate can be performed with good results and should not be withheld purely on the basis of age or critical clinical status.
RESUMO
Se revisaron los expedientes clínicos de 11 pacientes con diagnóstico de brucelosis internados de enero de 1990 a junio de 1994 en el Hospital Central Militar. La proporción de sexo masculino y femenino fue de 3.5:1; la edad promedio fue de 43 años. Mediante frotis de sangre periférica, VSG; PCR, biopsia de médula ósea, reacción de Weill-Felix y Huddlesson y hemocultivo se diagnosticó brucelosis en 100 por ciento de los casos. Se encontraron 10 (90.9 por ciento) individuos con síndrome febril, seis (54.5 por ciento) con artralgias en las articulaciones mayores. Once pacientes (100 por ciento) recibieron tratamiento médico. Se consideró como falla del tratamiento cuando hubo poca o nula respuesta al manejo médico, encontrada en tres (27.3 por ciento) sujetos. Dos pacientes se trataron con un esquema de base de tetraciclinas más cloranfenicol y tetraciclinas más AINES con éxito en ambos casos. La mortalidad de los pacientes tratados médicamente fue de 0 por ciento. Uno de los pacientes (9.09 por ciento) resultó con secuelas y el promedio de estancia hospitlaria fue de 13 días