Association between a novel dietary lipophilic index (LI) with metabolic phenotypes in a community-based study in Tabriz- Iran.

BACKGROUND: Dietary fatty acids are important dietary determinants of metabolic disorders in human. However, it is important to develop an index that considers not only the amount of dietary fatty acids but also the structure, fluidity and melting point of them. In the current study we investigated the association between a novel dietary lipophilic index (LI) with metabolic profile and dyslipidemia in a community based study in Tabriz-Iran. METHODS: Dietary data were collected using a validated, 79-food item, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and dietary LI was calculated. Anthropometric variables were measured and metabolic profile including blood sugar, serum lipids and liver enzymes were assessed. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the adult treatment panel (ATP) III criteria. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 42.53 ± 12.03 years and most of the participants were women. Mean of dietary LI was 34.99 ± 6.91. Higher dietary LI was associated with higher body mass index (BMI) (ß = 0.17, P < 0.04), waist circumference (ß = 0.18, P < 0.01) and systolic blood pressure (ß = 0.27, P < 0.01). Also LI was increased with increasing waist circumference (0.001), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (0.001), and negatively associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (0.001). CONCLUSION: The novel dietary LI was considered as a useful tool in prediction of cardio-metabolic risk factors including general and central obesity, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome in a population-based study in Iran. Further researches in other disease and populations could highlight the application of this index in clinical settings.

Presence of B Cells and Plasma Cells in Oral Lichen Planus.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease with unknown etiopathogenesis. It was believed that T cells played the major role in developing the lesions. It has been recently suggested that B lymphocyte cells (B cells) and plasma cells may play a role in OLP pathogenesis. PURPOSE: OLP is considered as a T-cell mediated disease. It was believed that the presence of B cells and plasma cells in the sub-epithelial inflammatory infiltrate, rules out the diagnosis of OLP. This study aims to investigate the presence of B cells and plasma cells in the inflammatory infiltrate of OLP. In addition, the association between the presence of B cells and plasma cells with histopathologic features of the lesion was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHOD: To assess the presence of B cells and plasma cells, 61 cases with the diagnosis of OLP were collected. The cases with definite clinical and histopathological diagnosis of lichen planus based on WHO criteria were included. For each case, demographic information and histological characteristics were recorded. Specimens underwent immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for CD20 and CD138 and the percentage of the positive cells were counted and scored. RESULTS: CD20 positive cells existed in all OLP cases with the mean expression of 22.5%± 15.17% and small number of CD138 positive cells were seen in 62.3% of our cases with the mean expression of 4.74%±9.23%. No association was found between histopathological features and CD138 expression, however, CD20 expression level was higher in the cases with parakeratinized surface (p= 0.004). CONCLUSION: B cells existed in the inflammatory infiltrate of OLP in all cases. Small number of plasma cells could be occasionally found in OLP. Therefore, presence of B cells and plasma cells in the inflammatory infiltrate cannot rule out the diagnosis of OLP.

Hybrid Odontogenic Tumor of Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst and Ameloblastic Fibroma: a Case Report and Review of Literature.

Calcifying odontogenic cyst is an uncommon odontogenic lesion that represents less than 2% of all odontogenic cysts and tumors. It usually occurs in incisor and canine areas during the second to fourth decades of life. It can be associated with other lesions like odontoma, ameloblastic fibroma, ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, odontoameloblastoma, and odontogenic myxoma. Ameloblastic fibroma is a truly mixed tumor usually diagnosed within the posterior mandible during the first two decades of life. In the present article, a hybrid odontogenic tumor composed of calcifying odontogenic cyst and ameloblastic fibroma in a 14-year-old white Persian female is described.

Marginal Discrepancy of Single Implant-Supported Metal Copings Fabricated by Various CAD/CAM and Conventional Techniques Using Different Materials.

OBJECTIVE: Framework patterns can be formed using various materials such as wax, acrylic resin, or composite. Frameworks can be fabricated using either conventional or computerized techniques, using additive or subtractive method. This study aimed to compare the marginal adaptation of metal copings fabricated by two computerized technologies (milling and rapid prototyping) and additive conventional methods using different materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two fixture analogs were mounted vertically in acrylic resin. One-piece abutments with 5.5 mm in length and 6 degrees of convergence were secured into the analogs. The experimental frameworks were fabricated using either subtractive CAD/CAM milling (by wax, soft or hard metal), additive rapid prototyping (by wax), or conventional pattern fabrication (by wax [control] or acrylic resin). Wax and acrylic resin patterns were casted in Ni-Cr alloy. Marginal discrepancy was measured in 12 points by video measuring machine. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: One-way ANOVA and posthoc tests were used to detect any significant difference among the groups at α= 0.05. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference among the marginal discrepancy of six groups (p = 0.018). The Tukey test indicated a significant difference between CAD/milling of soft metal and conventional wax pattern groups (p = 0.011); a significant difference was also reported between CAD/milling of wax patterns and control group (p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Frameworks fabricated by conventional wax-up showed the largest marginal gaps, while the marginal gap created by frameworks made of soft metal CAD/milling were the smallest. In addition, frameworks fabricated by rapid prototyping showed clinically acceptable adaptations.

Association of GSTO1 A140D and GSTO2 N142D Gene Variations with Breast Cancer Risk

Background: Polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes may contribute to breast cancer risk. The aim of this study was to investigate any association of two common GSTO1 A140D and GSTO2 N142D gene polymorphisms with breast cancer risk in an Iranian population followed by a protein structure analysis. Materials and Methods: In the case-control study, 303 subjects comprising 153 women with breast cancer and 150 healthy controls were included. Genotypes of GSTO1 A140D and GSTO2 N142D polymorphisms were assessed by PCRRFLP. Bioinformatics tools were employed to evaluate the damaging effects of A140D and N142D on the structures of GSTO1 and GSTO2 proteins. Results: Our genetic association study revealed that the GSTO1 A140D polymorphism was associated with breast cancer in a dominant model (OR= 1.75, 95%CI= 1.07-2.86, p= 0.026). Also, the A allele was significantly associated with breast cancer risk (OR= 1.69, 95%CI= 1.09-2.60, p= 0.018). With regard to the N142D polymorphism, there were significant associations between the GG genotype (OR= 2.20, 95%CI= 1.14-4.27, p= 0.019) and the G allele (OR= 1.47, 95%CI= 1.06-2.05, p= 0.021) and risk of breast cancer. Structural analysis revealed that A140D and N142D polymorphisms cause changes in both primary and secondary structures of GSTO1 and GSTO2, respectively. Conclusion: Based on our results, GSTO1 A140D and GSTO2 N142D polymorphisms could be genetic risk factors for breast cancer, but further studies with larger sample sizes focusing on different ethnicities are needed to obtain more comprehensive results.

Prevalence and Risk Factors associated with Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Hospitalized Patients in Kashan (Iran).

INTRODUCTION: Production of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) is an important mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) isolates. This study was performed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with ESBL producing strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 250 strains (134 E. coli and 116 K. pneumoniae) were obtained, and ESBL producing isolates were detected by the combination disk test in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran, from February 2012 to June 2013. Antimicrobial resistance was screened by the disk diffusion method and was confirmed by E-test. Furthermore, risk factors of ESBL producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae microorganisms were determined. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16, using descriptive statistics, chi-squared, independent-samples t-test, and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: One hundred and two (40.8%) of all strains were ESBL producers, of which 54 (52.9%) were E. coli and 48 (47.1%) were K. pneumoniae (p = 0.86). Furthermore, 40.3% of E. coli and 41.4% of K. pneumoniae isolates were ESBL producers (p = 0.86). The most antimicrobial resistance was to ampicillin, and no imipenem resistance was detected. Risk factors for ESBL producing E. coli included admission duration exceeding 7 days (p = 0.011) and antibiotic use in the last month (p < 0.001), and the associated risk factor for ESBL producing K. pneumoniae was antibiotic use during the recent month (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: This study identified a relatively high prevalence of ESBL production among E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains. Furthermore, anti-bimicrobial use and admission duration were risk factors for ESBL producing isolates. Therefore, more comprehensive investigations are needed for the development of new strategies to control the dissemination of these microbes.