RESUMO
In this Letter, we demonstrate that the interplay between Raman pump relative intensity noise and cross-phase modulation leads to a relative phase noise (RPN) that brings non-negligible performance degradation to coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) transmission systems with co-pumped Raman amplification. By theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, we proved that RPN brings more system impairment in terms of Q-factor penalty than the single carrier system, and relatively larger walk-off between pump and signal helps to suppress the RPN induced impairment. A higher-order modulated signal is less tolerant to RPN than a lower-order signal. With the same spectral efficiency, the quadrature-amplitude modulation format shows better tolerance to RPN than phase-shift keying. The reported findings will be useful for the design and optimization of Raman amplified CO-OFDM multi-carrier transmission systems.
RESUMO
Objective:To explore and analyze the application of polysomnographic sleep monitor in patients with schizophrenia and the monitoring effect of that on sleep quality and sleep structure of them.Methods:A total of 90 patients with schizophrenia admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from March 2021 to May 2023 were selected as the observation group,and 80 healthy volunteers were selected as the health control group.All subjects were monitored by polysomnographic sleep monitor.Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)score,sleep quality index of polysomnographic sleep monitor,the indicators of sleep structure and spindle wave index between two groups were compared.At the same time,Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between PSQI score and sleep parameters.Results:PSQI score of the health control group was(5.36±0.65)scores,and that of the observation group was(14.24±3.58)scores,and the PSQI score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the health control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=23.115,P<0.05).Compared with the health control group,the observation group had shorter total sleep time,longer sleep latency,shorter rapid eye movement(REM)period and more awakening times,with statistical significances(t=15.136,40.355,36.620,24.226,P<0.05),respectively.There was no significant difference in REM latency between the observation group and the control group before treatment(P>0.05).Compared with the observation group before treatment,the observation group after treatment had longer total sleep time,shorter sleep latency,longer REM period and less awakening times,with statistical significances(t=3.145,12.021,8.668,9.101,P<0.05),respectively.Compared with health control group after treatment,the observation group after treatment had shorter total sleep time,longer sleep latency,shorter REM period and more awakening times,and the differences of them between two groups were statistically significant(t=9.704,14.781,15.899,9.901,P<0.05).Compared with the observation group before treatment,the N1%value was higher,the N2%value was higher and the N3%value was lower in the health control group before treatment,and the differences were statistically significant(t=10.163,9.483,10.065,P<0.05),respectively.There were no significant differences in REM%between the health control group and the observation group before and after treatment(P>0.05),respectively.Compared with the observation group before treatment,that after treatment had lower N1%value and N2%value,and higher N3%value(t=10.163,9.483,10.065,P<0.05),respectively.Compared with the health control group after treatment,the observation group after treatment had higher N1%value and N2%value,and lower N3%value,and the differences of them between two groups were statistically significant(t=7.628,4.210,7.153,P<0.05),respectively.Compared with the observation group before treatment,that after treatment had higher spindle wave density,amplitude and time.Compared with the health control group after treatment,the observation group after treatment had lower spindle wave density,amplitude and time,and the differences of them between two groups were significant(t=2.514,2.665,2.014,P<0.05),respectively.Pearson correlation analysis showed that PSQI score appeared significantly negative correlation with total sleep time,REM period,N3%value,spindle wave density and spindle amplitude,and appeared significantly positive correlation with sleep latency,awakening times,N1%value and N2%value,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(r=-0.612,-0.269,-0.812,-0.778,-0.841,r=0.382,0.226,0.654,0.778,P<0.05).Conclusion:Abnormal sleep quality and structure,as well as abnormal sleep spindle wave activity,of patients with schizophrenia can be observed by using polysomnographic sleep monitor,which indicators is closely related to PSQI.
RESUMO
Objective To observe the improving effect of Hypericum Perforatum L Extracts (HPLES)on depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress in mice. Methods The depression model was established by the method of chronic unpredictable mild stress. Fifty depression model mice were divided into model control group,fluoxetine hydrochloride group (2. 6 mg / kg),Hypericum perforatum ex-tract low,medium and high (0. 2 g / kg,0. 4 g / kg,0. 8 g / kg) dose groups according to the random num-ber table method. Another 10 normal mice matched with body weight were taken as the normal control group. The mice in normal control group and the model control group were given pure water by gavage every day,and the mice in other groups were given corresponding solution by gavage for 4 weeks. In addition to the normal control group,the mice in other groups continued to undergo chronic unpredictable mild stress during gavage. The sugar water preference test and forced swimming test were performed after the last administration. Blood samples were collected from the posterior orbital venous plexus,and the levels of dopamine (DA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured by Elisa. The hippocampal tissues of mice were exam-ined by HE staining. Results Compared with the normal control group,the body mass of mice in the model control group decreased significantly at the first,second,third and fourth weeks ( t=2. 739,4. 162,4. 082, 3. 957;all P<0. 05). At the first,second,third and fourth weeks,the body mass of mice in the low,middle and high dose group of Hypericum perforatum extract were not significantly different from those in the model control group (all P>0. 05). Compared with the normal control group,the sugar water preference index of mice in the model control group was significantly reduced((61. 3± 4. 5)%,(52. 6± 5. 2)%; t=2. 721,P<0. 05),the swimming immobility time was prolonged(( 44. 3± 20. 00) s,(101. 8± 50. 8) s;t=2. 939,P<0. 05),the difference were statistically significant. Compared with the model control group,the sugar water preference index of mice in the low,middle and high dose group of Hypericum perforatum extract increased ((61. 8±4. 7)%,(65. 2±4. 1)%,(62. 6±5. 6)%,t=-3. 005,5. 073,-2. 928,all P<0. 05),the swimming immobility time decreased ((47. 2±17. 9) s,(54. 8±50. 3) s,(61. 3±44. 2) s; t=2. 803,1. 921,1. 903,all P<0. 05). The results of Elisa showed that compared with the normal control group,the levels of serum DA and BDNF of mice in the model control group were significantly lower (t=3. 031,8. 507,all P<0. 05); com-pared with the model control group,the levels of serum DA of mice in the low dose and high dose group of Hypericum perforatum were significantly higher (t=5. 025,3. 414,P<0. 05),and the serum BDNF of mice in the high dose group of Hypericum perforatum was also significantly higher (t=6. 098,P<0. 05),the differ-ence was statistically significant. HE staining showed that compared with the normal control group,the neu-rons in CA3 area of hippocampus in the model control group mice were seriously damaged,suggesting the es-tablishment of the mouse model. Compared with the model control group,the atrophy and degeneration of hippocampal CA3 cells in the three dose groups were significantly reduced. The atrophy and deformation of hippocampal CA3 neurons in the low,middle and high dose groups of Hypericum perforatum extract were re-lieved. Conclusion HPLES have obvious improving and antidepressant effects on the depression model mice induced by chronic unpredictable stress. The above effects may be related to the improvement of serum DA,DBNF level and reduce neuronal damage in CA3 area.
RESUMO
Objective@#To observe the improving effect of Hypericum Perforatum L Extracts (HPLES)on depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress in mice.@*Methods@#The depression model was established by the method of chronic unpredictable mild stress. Fifty depression model mice were divided into model control group, fluoxetine hydrochloride group (2.6 mg / kg), Hypericum perforatum extract low, medium and high (0.2 g / kg, 0.4 g / kg, 0.8 g / kg) dose groups according to the random number table method. Another 10 normal mice matched with body weight were taken as the normal control group. The mice in normal control group and the model control group were given pure water by gavage every day, and the mice in other groups were given corresponding solution by gavage for 4 weeks. In addition to the normal control group, the mice in other groups continued to undergo chronic unpredictable mild stress during gavage.The sugar water preference test and forced swimming test were performed after the last administration. Blood samples were collected from the posterior orbital venous plexus, and the levels of dopamine (DA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured by Elisa. The hippocampal tissues of mice were examined by HE staining.@*Results@#Compared with the normal control group, the body mass of mice in the model control group decreased significantly at the first, second, third and fourth weeks (t=2.739, 4.162, 4.082, 3.957; all P<0.05). At the first, second, third and fourth weeks, the body mass of mice in the low, middle and high dose group of Hypericum perforatum extract were not significantly different from those in the model control group (all P>0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the sugar water preference index of mice in the model control group was significantly reduced((61.3±4.5)%, (52.6±5.2)%; t=2.721, P<0.05), the swimming immobility time was prolonged((44.3±20.00) s, (101.8±50.8) s; t=2.939, P<0.05), the difference were statistically significant. Compared with the model control group, the sugar water preference index of mice in the low, middle and high dose group of Hypericum perforatum extract increased((61.8±4.7)%, (65.2±4.1)%, (62.6±5.6)%, t=-3.005, 5.073, -2.928, all P<0.05), the swimming immobility time decreased ((47.2±17.9) s, (54.8±50.3) s, (61.3±44.2) s; t=2.803, 1.921, 1.903, all P<0.05). The results of Elisa showed that compared with the normal control group, the levels of serum DA and BDNF of mice in the model control group were significantly lower (t=3.031, 8.507, all P<0.05); compared with the model control group, the levels of serum DA of mice in the low dose and high dose group of Hypericum perforatum were significantly higher (t=5.025, 3.414, P<0.05), and the serum BDNF of mice in the high dose group of Hypericum perforatum was also significantly higher (t=6.098, P<0.05), the difference was statistically significant. HE staining showed that compared with the normal control group, the neurons in CA3 area of hippocampus in the model control group mice were seriously damaged, suggesting the establishment of the mouse model. Compared with the model control group, the atrophy and degeneration of hippocampal CA3 cells in the three dose groups were significantly reduced. The atrophy and deformation of hippocampal CA3 neurons in the low, middle and high dose groups of Hypericum perforatum extract were relieved.@*Conclusion@#HPLES have obvious improving and antidepressant effects on the depression model mice induced by chronic unpredictable stress.The above effects may be related to the improvement of serum DA, DBNF level and reduce neuronal damage in CA3 area.
RESUMO
Objective To explore the correlation between exon region polymorphism of PPP1R3A gene and schizophrenia in Uygur Chinese population. Methods PPP1R3A gene exon region DNA amplification was performed using multiple PCR targeted capture next-generation sequencing method in 528 patients with schizophrenia and 576 healthy controls of Uyghur descent, Illumina HiSeq X Ten was used for sequencing, the symptoms of schizophrenia were assessed by positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS). Results The allelic and genotypic distributions in rs1800000 of PPP1R3A gene between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls had significant difference (P＜0.05), rs1799999 in genotype frequency between the female case and control groups showed significant difference (P＜0.05). Furthermore, the allelic distributions of rs8192686 between male cases and controls had significant difference (P＜0.05). Conclusion PPP1R3A gene rs1800000 may be associated with the development of schizophrenia in Uygur Chinese population; rs1799999 may be a risk factor for susceptibility of female Uygur Chinese schizophrenia; The C allele at rs8192686 may be associated with male Uygur Chinese schizophrenia.
RESUMO
Objective To explore the distribution on-511C/T,-31T/C single nucleotide polymorphism of IL-1β gene among Uygur population in Xinjiang,and to analyze the correlation between IL-1β gene polymorphism and depressive disorders.Methods A total of 100 patients with depressive disorders and 120 control subjects were selected.Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR),enzyme digestion and sequence reaction were used to detect the common-511C/T,-31T/C polymorphism of the IL-1β gene.The relationship between the polymorphism in the IL-1β gene and the severity of depressive disorders was analyzed.Results The frequencies of CC,CT,TT in-511 were 19.0％,58.0％ and 23.0％ in patient group,while those were 19.2％,55.0％,25.8％ in the control group,which did not show statistically significant differences (x2=0.266,P=0.875).The frequencies of CC,CT,TT in-31 were 24.0％,58.0％ and 18.0％ in the patient group,while those were 24.2％,58.3％,17.5％ in the control group,which did not show statistically significant differences (x2=0.0093,P=0.995).The frequencies of CC,CT,TT genotypes of the IL-1β gene polymorphism (-511 C/T,-31 T/C) were not statistically different between depressive patients and healthy controls.Conclusion The findings suggest no significant association between-511C/T,-31T/C polymorphism and depressive disorders in Uygur population of Xinjiang.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the action of interlukin-2(IL-2),interlukin-6(IL-6) and its soluble receptors (sIL-2R,sIL-6R) in the first episode of depression in the patients of Uyghur nationality and the differences in IL-2,IL-6 and sIL-2R,sIL-6R levels between the responsive depressed patients and the refractory depressed patients treated with venlafaxine.Methods A case-control study design was conducted.57 first-episode patients with depression (patient group) and 55 healthy people matched with gender and age (control group) were recruited in the study.An intervention with sustained-releasing venlafaxine tablets at fixed dose of 150 mg/d was performed in the patient group.The severity of the illness was evaluated by using the Hamilton's depression scale (HAMD-17) before and after the therapy.And by calculating the reduction rate of HAMD-17 (≥ 50％ or ＜50％),the patients were divided into the responsive or refractory groups.The serum levels of IL-2,IL-6,sIL-2R and sIL-6R in patients and controls were tested by ELISA,and a re-test was done with the patients after treatment.Results There were statistical significant differences of the levels of serum IL-2,IL-6 and sIL-2R,sIL-6R between the patients and the control group (P ＜ 0.01).After treatment,the levels of serum IL-2,IL-6,sIL-2R and sIL-6R in responsive patients were significantly decreased when compared with those before the treatment(P＜ 0.01).The four indexes of refractory patients didn' t alter after venlafaxine treatment (P ＞ 0.05).There were positive correlations between HAMD,serum IL-2 (r =0.677 ; P =0.000) and IL-6 (r =0.197 ; P =0.033) before treatment in all patients.Conclusion Serum IL-2 and IL-6 may play a role in the onset of the depression.The efficacy of venlafaxine is negatively correlated with the levels of serum IL-2 and IL-6.Regulating the imbalanced inflammatory cytokines and the immune system may be one of the mechanisms of drug therapy of depression.