Assuntos
Dopamina/farmacologia , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Serotonina/farmacologia , Animais , Ergotamina/farmacologia , Feminino , Técnicas In Vitro , Isoproterenol/farmacologia , Masculino , Metisergida/farmacologia , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Norepinefrina/farmacologia , Ratos , Estômago/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Intravenous doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 g cephalothin and cefoxitin, a semi-synthetic cephamycin antibiotic highly resistant to bacterial cephalosporinase, were infused over a period of 3 minutes into 18 normal adult males by a randomized, crossover design. Serum and urine data on cefoxitin best fit a two-compartment open model. Serum concentrations following cefoxitin were higher and more prolonged and urine recoveries higher than those following equal doses of cephalothin. The terminal serum half-life of cefoxitin was longer at all dose levels. Renal clearance of cephalothin-like activity exceeded that of cefoxitin, which may possess dose-dependent kinetics. Whereas cephalothin has been reported to metabolize by greater than 35% to the less active desacetyl form, cefoxitin was metabolized by 0.1 to 6% to the descarbamyl form in individual subjects.
Assuntos
Cefoxitina/metabolismo , Cefalosporinas/metabolismo , Cefalotina/metabolismo , Adulto , Cefoxitina/administração & dosagem , Cefoxitina/efeitos adversos , Cefalotina/administração & dosagem , Cefalotina/efeitos adversos , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Cinética , Masculino , Taxa de Depuração Metabólica , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Modelos BiológicosRESUMO
The use of lidocaine HCL solution at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0% to reconstitute sodium cefoxitin relieves the pain associated with intramuscular injections of the antibiotic. Cefoxitin absorption by the intramuscular route is initially rapid and is virtually complete. Peak serum concentrations, corresponding to about one-half those of a comparable intravenous infusion, are achieved in 30 min. Continuing absorption tends to maintain higher serum concentrations for longer times. Renal clearance and serum half-life of cefoxitin do not appear to be affected by lidocaine at its effective anaesthetic concentrations.