Walk or be walked by the dog? The attachment role.

BACKGROUND: The human-animal bond has been recognized as having positive effects on the health and well-being of both humans and pets. The present study aims to explore the influence of attachment on physical activity (PA), lifestyle, and health outcomes of dog owners (DO), highlighting the mutual benefits resulting from the relationship between DO and dogs. METHODS: Thirty-eight DO and their dogs participated in this study. Socio-demographic data, the Self-Rated Health (SRH), FANTASTICO Lifestyle Scale, and the Lexington Attachment Pet Scale (LAPS) were assessed. PA was measured in both the DO and the dogs, using an ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer in the context of daily routine. Descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlation analyses were performed to examine the associations between LAPS, PA levels, socio-demographic variables, lifestyle behaviors, and SRH. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between the dog owners' light-level PA and the pets' vigorous level of PA (rho = 0.445, p = 0.01). Furthermore, the importance of the pets' health (rho = -0.785, p = 0.02) and the LAPS subscales, namely proximity (rho = 0.358, p = 0.03), and attachment (rho = 0.392, p = 0.01), were related to taking the pet for a walk. Regarding lifestyle, DO with a healthier lifestyle had a better self-assessment of their health using the SRH (rho = 0.39, p = 0.02). Moreover, DO with better lifestyles also exhibited greater concern for their pet's health (rho = 0.398, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes that individuals who adopt healthier habits tend to perceive themselves as healthier and exhibit greater concern for their pets' health. The attachment between DO and dogs is important in promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors and engagement in PA. Our results highlight that the presence of a dog is associated with a higher level of PA in DO, depending on the strength of the human-animal bond.

Influence of psoriasis lesions' location and severity on psychosocial disability and psychopathology. Observational study and psychometric validation of the SAPASI Portuguese version.

OBJECTIVES: The psychosocial impact of psoriasis is well documented. However, the contributing role of clinical disease characteristics is not satisfactorily explored. This study aimed to validate the Self-administered Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (SAPASI) to a Portuguese population (SAPASI-PT) and to perform its cross-validation, assessing how the results will generalize to an independent data set, with the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), in order to assess the influence of psoriasis' severity on psychosocial disability and psychopathology. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 228 patients with psoriasis was carried out. Data was collected through a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, SAPASI-PT, the Psoriasis Disability Index (PDI) and the Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI). The cultural and linguistic adaptation of SAPASI to a Portuguese version and the cross validation with PASI was carried out. Multiple associations between psychosocial disability, psychopathology and severity, discomfort and location of lesions were investigated through logistic regression models. RESULTS: A good adjustment model for SAPASI-PT is found. Also, associations between psychosocial disability, psychopathology and the psoriasis severity and discomfort are found. The existence of lesions is positively associated with the severity of the disease. Patients with lesions in hands or genitals are those reporting a greater discomfort. The presence of lesions in hands is positively associated with PDI, i.e., with leisure and with treatment, marginally. Additionally, patients scoring higher in the personal dimension are found to have a significantly greater percentage of lesions in the genitals. CONCLUSIONS: The psoriasis severity and location of lesions are important determinants of patients´ quality of life. Lesions on face, hands and genitals are associated with a higher impact on psychosocial wellbeing of patients. Psychological counselling should be considered within psoriasis treatment context in patients with the described disease manifestations.

Patterns of dosage regimen instructions regarding topical medicines: how is the information perceived by patients?

BACKGROUND: The communication of dosage regimen instructions by physicians is of utmost importance on treatment adherence. Few studies until now have approached the topical treatment adherence subject. OBJECTIVE: This study aims the characterization of dosage regimen instructions given by physicians and the assessment of chronic dermatological patients' perception regarding these instructions. METHODS: Two instruments one for physicians (PHYSDOSAGE) and one for patients (PATIENTDOSAGE) were developed and applied in a cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study to two independent samples composed by 91 physicians and 43 patients. RESULTS: Most of physicians reported to provide dosage regimen instructions. When cross checking information from both studied samples, physicians and patients, it was concluded that physicians reported to provide more frequently oral and written treatment instructions, e.g. electronic prescription, than patients reported having received it. Also, physicians claimed to often provide information about the duration of treatment and the frequency of topical medicines' application, which was not acknowledged by patients. CONCLUSIONS: Contradictory results were found between the physicians' information input and the patients' perception about dosage regimen instructions provided during the consultation. These findings could negatively influence the treatment adherence and the clinical outcomes. Thus, it is of paramount importance the implementation of strategies to improve optimal communication of dosage regimen instructions for topical medicines.

SCREENING OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM: COST-EFFECTIVENESS AND HEALTH BENEFITS.

INTRODUCTION: The abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a nosological entity whose main complication is rupture, being associated with a high mortality rate. The early identification of this pathology in groups at risk through an ultrasound screening program can have benefits based on elective surgical repair before the rupture occurs, preventing death. In Portugal, no screening program for this aneurysm is implemented. Our goal is to review the impact of screening among risk groups on the global and aneurysm-related mortality rates, quality of life, cost-effectiveness and its applicability in Portugal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a narrative review of the literature on screening for AAA. RESULTS: There is evidence that screening is effective in reducing aneurysm-related mortality in men aged 65 and over, but not in reducing overall mortality. In addition, the implementation of a screening program in several countries appears to be cost-effective in at-risk populations. Discusssion and conclusion: Data from epidemiological studies on AAA suggests that the implementation of an AAA screening program, based on ultrasound, in men aged 65 and over, can bring health benefits and be cost-effective. Even so, taking into account that all the studies took place outside Portugal, the possibility of generalizing the results to the portuguese population is not clear.

Psychological Factors Explaining Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Travel.

This cross-sectional study aims to determine the psychological factors that contribute to the perceived impact of COVID-19 on travel using a convenience sample (N = 1122) from the general population to whom instruments assessing the perception of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on travel, anxiety, fear, phobia, risk perception, and stress were applied. The participants were mainly female (65.6%), had not attended university, and who were professionally active, with a mean age of around 30-years-old (M = 31.91, SD = 13.76, Min = 18, Max = 81). The perceived impact of COVID-19 on travel correlates with all of the psychological variables, mainly in terms of the emotional fear of COVID-19. Together with the perceived risk of COVID-19, social phobia due to COVID-19, and COVID-19 stress contamination, these variables explain 20% of the perceived impact of COVID-19 on travel variance. The relationship between COVID-19 stress socio-economic consequences and the perception of the pandemic's impact on travel is moderated by the emotional perceived risk of COVID-19. Fear and perception of this risk explain the impact of the COVID-19 on travel in pandemic times, suggesting that the psychological impact of fear and anxiety induced by the pandemic needs to be handled as a public health priority.

Preliminary Validation Study of the Intrinsic Religious Motivation Scale and the Centrality of Religiosity Scale for the Portuguese Population.

Religion is a construct widely present in most people's lives. Religious motivations, either intrinsic or extrinsic, as well as religious centrality, are crucial aspects of religion. In the Portuguese population, there are no validated instruments to assess these aspects of religion. Accordingly, this study intends to validate the Intrinsic Religious Motivation Scale (IRMS) and the Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS) for the Portuguese population. This is a validation study whose sample consists of 326 participants (73.1% women) from the general population. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out and the correlations between the constructs and self-compassion were determined to assess the convergent and divergent validity. The results obtained confirm the existence of models adjusted to the population, allowing us to conclude that the instruments are reliable for assessing the studied constructs. The validation of the IRMS and CRS for the Portuguese population is of outstanding importance, as it provides researchers in the field with valid instruments and psychometric qualities to carry out research within religion and religiosity.

Portuguese Version of COVID-19 Perceived Risk Scale and COVID-19 Phobia Scale: Psychometric Properties.

The COVID-19 pandemic scenario has a psychological impact on individuals and society. A higher level of perceived risk concerning COVID-19 has been found when compared to other potential health threats. A misperception of risk in contrast with the real risk may lead people to develop disruptive cognitive, affective, or behavioral responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, namely, coronaphobia. Validated instruments are needed to evaluate such responses. This work aims to validate the COVID-19 Perceived Risk Scale (C19PRS) and the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19PS) in the Portuguese population. The two scales were translated from English to Portuguese using the back-translation technique. The cultural adaptation was framed in the context of establishing the validity and reliability of the instruments. In two studies, C19PRS and C19PS were validated for the adult Portuguese population (N = 1122; women = 725 (64.6%); mean age of 31.91 years old) through exploratory factorial analysis, followed by a confirmatory factorial analysis. Convergent validity was calculated by composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE) values. Discriminant validity was assessed by square roots of the AVE values and their comparison with the C19PRS and C19PS dimensions' cross-correlations. Both C19PRS and C19PS present a good adjustment model and solid reliability and validity and have significant correlations with fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 anxiety scales.

Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Associations with Travel, Tourism and Hospitality.

The aim of this study is to determine the anxiety and fear related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their associations with travel, tourism and hospitality, in the Portuguese population. The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) were validated for the Portuguese population and correlations with issues related to travel, tourism and hospitality were established. CAS and FCV-19S presented a good adjustment model and solid reliability and validity. Correlations between CAS and FCV-19S and the perception of the impact of COVID-19 in travel, tourism and hospitality were found. Participants considered that COVID-19 mainly affected their holidays and leisure time. However, the strongest correlation established was between total FCV-19S and emotional fear FCV-19S and the fear of attending hotel facilities. The Portuguese versions of CAS and FCV-19S are reliable psychological tools to assess anxiety and fear in relation to COVID-19 for the general population. The use of hotel facilities is the most threatening issue related to travel, tourism and hospitality. The results suggest that hotels should invest in hygiene and safety measures that allow users to regain confidence in hotel equipment.

Knowledge and Practices of Community Pharmacists in Topical Dermatological Treatments.

The connection between pharmacists' knowledge and practice on the provided information to patients about dermatoses and their treatment is insufficiently characterized. Furthermore, pharmacists' contributions in counselling and in promoting adherence to topical treatment is not fully understood. This study has three main objectives. It aims to identify the knowledge and practices of pharmacists about dermatoses and their treatment, and to compare the perspective of pharmacists with that of patients regarding treatment information, with the future goal of establishing guidelines on the communication of dosage regimen instructions to dermatological patients and promotion of adherence to treatment, filling a gap. A cross-sectional, exploratory, and descriptive study was carried out. Based on experts' prior knowledge and extensive collected literature information, two questionnaire protocols, one for pharmacists and another one for patients, were designed. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were carried out in relation to the pharmacists' questionnaire for instrument validation. The results indicate that knowledge of pharmacists regarding dermatoses and their treatment is considered acceptable. Most of the pharmacists were reported to provide information to patients. Oppositely, patients reported not to have receive it. This is an important issue because pharmacists play a primary role in the management of several diseases. As non-adherence can be triggered by poor understanding of the dosing instructions, pharmacists' communication practices play an important role in improving this hinderance. Results from this study identified pharmacist-patient communication gaps, so the development of guidelines to improve the transmission of clear dosage regimen instructions and knowledge about patient's disease are of paramount importance. Training programs for continuous education of pharmacist should be implemented to solve the identified communication problems found in this study.

Spirituality in Coping with Pain in Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Spirituality has been identified as an adaptive coping strategy and a predictor of better quality of life in cancer patients. Despite the relevance of spirituality in the health-disease process, it is noted that the assessment of the impact of spirituality in coping with pain is still incipient. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of spirituality in coping with pain in cancer patients. This quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out in a medium-sized hospital and a cancer patient support institution located in northeastern Brazil. A questionnaire with sociodemographic and clinical variables was used and the following instruments were applied: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ); Neuropathic Pain 4 Questions (DN4); Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (SWBS); WHOQOL Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs (WHOQOL-SRPB). Most people with no pain had higher scores on the SWBS. Neuropathic pain was identified in 23 patients and was associated with the highest level of spirituality used as a way of coping with pain. As faith increases, pain decreases in intensity by 0.394 points. On the other hand, as inner peace increases, pain increases by 1.485 points. It is concluded that faith is a strategy for coping with pain, in particular neuropathic pain, minimizing its intensity. On the other hand, greater levels of inner peace allow to increase the awareness of the painful sensation. It is expected that these findings may be useful to integrate spirituality care in healthcare facilities as a resource for positive coping for people in the process of becoming ill, contributing to the therapeutic path and favouring a new meaning to the experience of the disease.

Associations between Cues of Sexual Desire and Sexual Attitudes in Portuguese Women.

Sexuality is defined as a multidimensional experience that involves genital, mental, and bodily components. It is also assumed as a basic condition inherent to the human existence that encourages the search for love, intimacy, sex, and proximity to others. The main objective of this study is to assess the relationship between cues of sexual desire and sexual attitudes in Portuguese women. This is a cross-sectional study with 804 Portuguese women to whom the protocol was applied. It included an informed consent, a sociodemographic questionnaire, a questionnaire related to intimacy, a scale of sexual attitudes, and the scale of cues of sexual desire. The protocol was applied via Google Forms due to the current pandemic situation (COVID-19). Differences were found in sexual attitudes and the cues of sexual desire in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, as well as in terms of women's intimacy. Significant correlations were found between the brief sexual attitudes scale (BSAS) and the cues of sexual desire scale (CSDS). Age, sexual orientation, relation nature, sexual practices, visual proximity cues, erotic explicit cues, and sensory explicit cues explain, altogether, 25% of the total sexual attitudes. Additionally, age, sexual orientation, the relation's nature, sexual practices, visual proximity cues, emotional bonding cues, romantic implicit cues, erotic explicit cues, and sensory explicit cues explain, altogether, 30% of the permissiveness. Sexual attitudes are developed under the influence of sociodemographic variables, variables related to women's intimacy, and cues of sexual desire, which are new data in the study of sexual attitudes and have implications at the level of gender issues.

The Mediating Effect of Parental Involvement on School Climate and Behavior Problems: School Personnel Perceptions.

As a reflection of the culture and norms of the school community, the school climate (SC) is a potential factor connected to students' major behavior problems (BP). Parental involvement (PI) is considered as an essential factor for SC, contributing to promote good students' educational results, as well as better social functioning. The present study aimed to analyze the mediating effect of PI on the relationship between SC and BP, taking into consideration the school personnel perceptions. A total of 329 school personnel (teachers versus no teachers) aged between 29 and 66 (M = 50.78, SD = 7.56), mainly female (79%), were integrated in the sample. Based on the perception of the school personnel, the results indicate moderate level of PI and SC, as well as the existence of different BP in the school context. The mediating effect of PI in the relationship between the SC and BP has been demonstrated. These results suggest that, if the SC and PI are improved, it could be an effective strategy to enhance the social functioning of students in the school context. This study thus contributes to a comprehensive empirical analysis of how PI can improve the relationship between the SC and the BP of Portuguese students.

Cyber and Offline Dating Abuse in a Portuguese Sample: Prevalence and Context of Abuse.

The increasing use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and networking has promoted the occurrence of different forms of victimization, specifically in terms of interpersonal interaction (e.g., cyberbullying or online risk-taking behaviour), which also includes cyber dating abuse (CDA). Some studies report that CDA is an extension of offline dating abuse (ODA). Because Portuguese studies in this area are scarce, this study aims to bridge this knowledge gap, seeking to investigate the extent and the context of CDA occurrence, and the relationship between CDA and all forms of ODA, i.e., physical, verbal-emotional and control. A convenience sample of 173 Portuguese adolescents and young adults was studied. This sample is mostly female (86.7%), has a mean (M) age of 25.36 years old and a standard deviation (SD) of 6.88 years of age. The results show that CDA and ODA among the Portuguese are very prevalent and related. Control (31.8 vs. 20.8%) and verbal-emotional ODA (26.7 vs. 20.2%) as well as control CDA (38.2 vs. 43.4%) were the most prevalent forms of abuse, either in terms of victimization or in terms of perpetration. The results also showed that CDA usually appears in a context of jealousy, also explaining control CDA and CDA direct aggression. A significant relationship between control CDA and CDA direct aggression and physical, verbal-emotional and control ODA was found. Experiencing control and verbal-emotional ODA are the main risk factors of control CDA victimization. This study allows to lay the groundwork for further research on dating victimization and perpetration through ICT, and has important practical implications at the level of Portuguese prevention strategies and intervention policies, thus emphasizing the role of the official authorities and the law itself.

Comparing Psychopathological Symptoms in Portuguese Football Fans and Non-Fans.

The present study aims to characterize football fans and non-fans and to compare their psychopathological symptoms with the latest normative values for the Portuguese population from Canavarro in 2007. Results showed that football fans and non-fans are mostly male, have an affective relationship, are childless, have secondary education or a high degree, and are employed or students; fans are more likely to be male, dating, unemployed, to have elementary education and be younger than non-fans. Football fans present significantly higher psychopathological symptoms than non-fans in somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation and psychoticism and all psychopathological indexes. Football fans present values very close to those of populations with emotional distress in hostility and are above the mean of the general population in obsession-compulsion, hostility, paranoid ideation and psychoticism.

Psychopathological Symptoms and Loneliness in Adult Internet Users: A Contemporary Public Health Concern.

There are different concepts that translate abusive Internet use. Almost all these concepts converge on excessive time spent online, which can trigger the emergence of problematic situations. Most of the studies reported in the literature, both nationally and internationally, focused on a young population and found negative consequences of this Internet misuse. The objective of this study consists of associating the time spent using the Internet-in years, times per week, and hours per day-with psychopathological symptoms, as well as assessing the perception of loneliness, in an adult Portuguese population. A quantitative approach, based on a survey application, was conducted in a convenience sample composed by 418 participants (64.4% female), with a mean age of 29.9 years old (SD = 9.26), ranging from 18 to 73 years. The results suggest that maladaptive patterns of Internet use found in young people seem to be replicated in the adult population. A relationship between time spent on the Internet and psychopathological symptoms, and an association between loneliness and the number of hours spent on the Internet, were also identified. In an individualized and disconnected offline world, Internet impact in individuals' well-being results must be highlighted, since it should be understood as a public health issue. The novelty of this study lies in the target population: Portuguese Internet users over 18 years of age, for which there is no specific study on the subject, thus emphasizing the transverse nature of the problem.

The Mediator Role of Body Image-Related Cognitive Fusion in the Relationship between Disease Severity Perception, Acceptance and Psoriasis Disability.

Psoriasis is a long-term skin disorder without a cure, whose patients are particularly susceptible to mental health diseases. Using a sample of patients diagnosed with psoriasis, this study aimed to: (1) identify the clinical and positive psychological variables that contribute the most to psoriasis disability and (2) assess the mediator role of body image-related cognitive fusion in the relation between disease severity perception and acceptance and self-compassion, on one hand, and psoriasis disability on the other. This is an initial cross-sectional exploratory study, with 75 patients diagnosed with psoriasis (males 52%; mean age 54.99 ± 13.72) answering a sociodemographic and a clinical questionnaire, the Psoriasis Disability Index (PDI), the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire-Body Image (CFQ-BI), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to characterize and assess the measures and the final model used. Through path analysis and a hierarchical multiple linear regression, it was found that the variables that significantly contributed to psoriasis disability were years of education, impact on social life and body image, explaining 70% of the variance. Body image-related cognitive fusion was a significant mediator in the relationship between disease severity and acceptance, and psoriasis disability. The implications of this study are considered to be extremely relevant, since it will allow additional information to be provided to psoriasis patients, appropriated to their educational level, aiming to reduce distorted perceptions of disease severity and intervene in the ability to accept this specific and important chronic health condition.

Motivations Influencing the Surgeon's Healthcare Unit Choice to Perform Surgery: A Confirmatory Study in Portugal.

Quality surgical practice is a fundamental subject in health institutions, and it is important to understand the structural and organizational conditions of the operating room (OR). The present exploratory study sought to understand the motivations that underlie the choice of surgeons for the best healthcare unit to perform surgery, as well as the characteristics of those professionals regarding age, years of work experience, and sex. A questionnaire survey was administered to a convenience sample of 99 surgeons, 67.3% male and 32.7% female, aged 37 to 66 (M = 23.7; Std = 8.92). The results show that at the top of the surgeons' motivations to perform surgery is the 77.8% attributed to the human resources and equipment available and at the other extreme the 3% to the previous online visit to facilities. This study opens important clues to the development of more in-depth and comparative approaches, necessary for the continuous improvement of the healthcare provided in the context of surgical practice.

Health Behaviors as a Mediator of the Association Between Interpersonal Relationships and Physical Health in a Workplace Context.

The etiology of diseases is multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental, and lifestyle-related behaviors. Considering the pathway that involves behavioral processes, a huge body of empirical evidence has shown that some healthy behaviors such as non-smoking, any or moderate alcohol consumption, a healthy diet, (e.g., fruit and vegetable intake), and physical activity, decrease the risk of disease and mortality. This study aimed to explore the potential mediating effect of combined health behaviors on the association between interpersonal relationships and physical health in a Brazilian adult worker population from the Occupational Health Service within the oil industry in Bahia, Brazil. The sample included 611 workers, of which 567 (92.8%) were males and 44 (7.2%) females, age ranging from 18 to 73 years (M = 41.95; SD = 8.88). The significant predictors of physical health were interpersonal relationships and health behaviors. Health behaviors contributed significantly to a reduction in the effect of interpersonal relationships on physical health outcomes. As far as it is known, there has been no prior work in Brazil that simultaneously examined the best predictors of physical health in oil workers using this conceptual model. Interventions in the workplace environment need to consider health behavior as a mediator between interpersonal relationships and physical health, aligned in a global psychosocial approach to health at work.

Minding the gap: The moderating role of education between subjective health and social life perception and Internet use time

Introduction: Internet addiction results in intense and frequent use. There is a gap in the literature in relation to the unawareness of problematic Internet use (PIU) in predicting Internet use time (IUT). Objective: To identify sociodemographic/psychological variables contributing and moderating IUT. Participants: 1,270 participants of the European Social Survey (EES), Round 8. Instruments: EES variables assessing Internet use (IU), health perception, well-being, social life, and sociodemographic variables, underlying the construct. Results: Age, education, sources of household income, social activities compared to others of the same age and subjective general health explain IU per day; and age, years of education, domicile and socially meeting with other people with whom to discuss intimate matters explain IU per week. Education was found to be a significant moderator in the relationship between subjective general health and IU per week; and in the relationship between socially meeting with other people and IU per day. Discussion: Maladaptive IU, when the perception of health is worse, and adaptive IU, when the perception of social life is better, are both suggested, depending on education. Conclusions: These findings point to the need to study IUT involving educational level, keeping in mind that what may be PIU at one educational level may not be the case at another.

Introdução: O vício da Internet traduz-se numa utilização intensa e frequente. Existe uma lacuna na literatura sobre o desconhecimento dos preditores do uso problemático da Internet (PIU) do tempo de utilização da Internet (IUT). Objetivo: Identificar as variáveis sociodemográficas/psicológicas que contribuem e moderam o IUT. Participantes: 1270 participantes da European Social Survey (EES), Round 8. Instrumentos: Variáveis ESS que avaliam a utilização da Internet (IU), perceção de saúde, bem-estar, vida social e variáveis sociodemográficas, sub jacentes ao construto. Resultados: Idade, escolaridade, fontes de renda familiar, atividades sociais em comparação com outras da mesma idade e saúde geral subjetiva explicam IU por dia e idade, anos de escolaridade, domicílio, convívio social com outras pessoas e quem para discutir assuntos íntimos explicam IU por semana. A escolaridade mostrou-se um moderador significativo na relação entre saúde geral subjetiva e IU por semana; e na relação entre encontro social com outras pessoas e IU por dia. Discussão: IU desadaptativa, quando a perceção de saúde é pior, e IU adaptativa, quando a perceção de vida social é melhor, dependem da escolaridade. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem o estudo do IUT de acordo com o nível educacional, pois o que pode ser um PIU num nível educacional pode não ser noutro.

Education in health for individuals with chronic pain: clinical trial / Educação em saúde para indivíduos com dor crônica: ensaio clínico

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of socio-educational booklets is recommended for assisting in the control of chronic pain. However, the efficacy and safety of these light technologies have not yet been tested enough for widespread application, based on the model of scientific evidence. This study aimed to assess the effect of a health education program in individuals suffering from CP using the EducaDor booklet. METHODS: Randomized clinical trial conducted with chronic pain patients from Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS - Primary Health Care Units) in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Assessments were performed using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Visual Analog Scale of Pain (VAS-P) and World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument-Bref (WHOQoL-bref ), before and after the intervention, for intra and intergroup analyses: Test Group (Booklet) and Control Group (Conventional Care). The contents of the EducaDor booklet were presented didactically in six meetings with an interval of one week between them. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 10 individuals in each group (n = 20). In the Control Group, there was an increase in pain intensity (p=0.034), while the Test Group showed a reduction in pain intensity (p=0.015) and a lower level of interference in the physical, psychological, social relationships and environmental quality of life domains (p<0.05). In the intergroup comparisons, an improvement was observed in the domain of social relationships in the Test Group (p=0.015). CONCLUSION: EducaDor booklet has been shown to be effective and safe for the education of patients suffering from CP by reducing pain intensity and improving patients' quality of life.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Recomenda-se a utilização de cartilhas socioeducativas para auxiliar no controle da dor crônica (DC). No entanto, a eficácia e a segurança dessas tecnologias leves foram pouco testadas para ampla aplicação, com base no modelo de evidências científicas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de um programa de educação em saúde em indivíduos com DC por meio da cartilha EducaDor. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico randomizado realizado com indivíduos que apresentam DC em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Os participantes foram submetidos à aplicação do Inventário Breve de Dor (BPI), Escala Analógica Visual (EAV) e do instrumento de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde - Bref (WHOQoL-bref ), antes e após a intervenção, para análises intra e intergrupos: Grupo Teste (booklet) e Grupo Controle (cuidado convencional). O conteúdo da cartilha EducaDor foi apresentado didaticamente em seis encontros com intervalo de uma semana entre eles. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por 10 pessoas em cada grupo (n = 20). No Grupo Controle, houve aumento da intensidade da dor (p=0,034), enquanto o Grupo Teste apresentou redução da intensidade de dor (p=0,015) e menor nível de interferência nos domínios de qualidade de vida físico, psicológico, social e ambiental (p<0,05). Nas comparações intergrupos, observou-se melhora no domínio relações sociais no Grupo Teste (p=0,015). CONCLUSÃO: A cartilha EducaDor mostrou-se eficaz e segura para a educação de pacientes com DC, por reduzir a intensidade da dor e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.