RESUMO
Continuing our research into the anticancer properties of acrylonitriles, we present a study involving the design, synthesis, computational analysis, and biological assessment of novel acrylonitriles derived from methoxy, hydroxy, and N-substituted benzazole. Our aim was to examine how varying the number of methoxy and hydroxy groups, as well as the N-substituents on the benzimidazole core, influences their biological activity. The newly synthesized acrylonitriles exhibited strong and selective antiproliferative effects against the Capan-1 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line, with IC50 values ranging from 1.2 to 5.3 µM. Consequently, these compounds were further evaluated in three other pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, while their impact on normal PBMC cells was also investigated to determine selectivity. Among these compounds, the monohydroxy-substituted benzimidazole derivative 27 emerged with the most profound and broad-spectrum anticancer antiproliferative activity being emerged as a promising lead candidate. Moreover, a majority of the acrylonitriles in this series exhibited significant antioxidative activity, surpassing that of the reference molecule BHT, as demonstrated by the FRAP assay (ranging from 3200 to 5235 mmolFe2+/mmolC). Computational analysis highlighted the prevalence of electron ionization in conferring antioxidant properties, with computed ionization energies correlating well with observed activities.
Assuntos
Acrilonitrila , Antineoplásicos , Antioxidantes , Proliferação de Células , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Acrilonitrila/química , Acrilonitrila/farmacologia , Acrilonitrila/análogos & derivados , Acrilonitrila/síntese química , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Estrutura Molecular , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/síntese química , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Benzimidazóis/química , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Benzimidazóis/síntese químicaRESUMO
This work presents the design, synthesis and biological activity of novel N-substituted benzimidazole carboxamides bearing either a variable number of methoxy and/or hydroxy groups. The targeted carboxamides were designed to investigate the influence of the number of methoxy and/or hydroxy groups, the type of substituent placed on the N atom of the benzimidazole core and the type of substituent placed on the benzimidazole core on biological activity. The most promising derivatives with pronounced antiproliferative activity proved to be N-methyl-substituted derivatives with hydroxyl and methoxy groups at the phenyl ring and cyano groups on the benzimidazole nuclei with selective activity against the MCF-7 cell line (IC50 = 3.1 µM). In addition, the cyano-substituted derivatives 10 and 11 showed strong antiproliferative activity against the tested cells (IC50 = 1.2-5.3 µM). Several tested compounds showed significantly improved antioxidative activity in all three methods compared to standard BHT. In addition, the antioxidative activity of 9, 10, 32 and 36 in the cells generally confirmed their antioxidant ability demonstrated in vitro. However, their antiproliferative activity was not related to their ability to inhibit oxidative stress nor to their ability to induce it. Compound 8 with two hydroxy and one methoxy group on the phenyl ring showed the strongest antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive strain E. faecalis (MIC = 8 µM).
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Antioxidantes , Benzimidazóis , Proliferação de Células , Desenho de Fármacos , Benzimidazóis/química , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Benzimidazóis/síntese química , Humanos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Células MCF-7 , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/síntese química , Antioxidantes/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Antibacterianos/química , Amidas/química , Amidas/farmacologia , Amidas/síntese química , Estrutura Molecular , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
In this study, new 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline-benzimidazole compounds were synthesized and characterized by NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. These novel hybrids differ in the type of linker and in the substituent on the benzimidazole moiety. Their antiproliferative activities were evaluated on one non-tumor (MDCK1) and seven selected tumor (CaCo-2, MCF-7, CCRF-CEM, Hut78, THP-1, and Raji) cell lines by MTT test and flow cytometry analysis. The compounds with different types of linkers and an unsubstituted benzimidazole ring, 5d, 8d, and 12d, showed strong cytotoxic activity (the GI50 ranged from 0.4 to 8 µM) and effectively suppressed the cell cycle progression in the leukemia and lymphoma cells. After 24 h of treatment, compounds 5d and 12d induced the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential as well as apoptosis in HuT78 cells. The drug-like properties and bioavailability of the compounds were calculated using the Swiss ADME web tool, and a molecular docking study was performed on tyrosine-protein kinase c-Src (PDB: 3G6H). Compound 12d showed good solubility and permeability and bound to c-Src with an energy of -119.99 kcal/mol, forming hydrogen bonds with Glu310 and Asp404 in the active site and other residues with van der Waals interactions. The results suggest that compound 12d could be a leading compound in the further design of effective antitumor drugs.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Células CACO-2 , Proliferação de Células , Antineoplásicos/química , Benzimidazóis/química , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , ApoptoseRESUMO
As a result of our previous research focussed on benzimidazoles, herein we present design, synthesis, QSAR analysis and biological activity of novel N-substituted benzimidazole derived carboxamides. Carboxamides were designed to study the influence of the number of methoxy groups, the type of the substituent placed at the benzimidazole core on biological activity. Pronounced antioxidative activity displayed unsubstituted 28 (IC50 ≈ 3.78 mM, 538.81 mmolFe2+/mmolC) and dimethoxy substituted derivative 34 (IC50 ≈ 5.68 mM, 618.10 mmolFe2+/mmolC). Trimethoxy substituted 43 and unsubstituted compound 40 with isobutyl side chain at N atom showed strong activity against HCT116 (IC50 ≈ 0.6 µM, both) and H 460 cells (IC50 ≈ 2.5 µM; 0.4 µM), being less cytotoxic towards non-tumour cell. Antioxidative activity in cell generally confirmed relatively modest antioxidant capacity obtained in DPPH/FRAP assays of derivatives 34 and 40. The 3D-QSAR models were generated to explore molecular properties that have the highest influence on antioxidative activity.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Relação Quantitativa Estrutura-Atividade , Antineoplásicos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Benzimidazóis/química , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Childhood obesity is a serious concern associated with ill health later in life. Emerging data suggest that obesity has long-term adverse effects upon male sexual and reproductive health, but few studies have addressed this issue. We hypothesized that exposure to high-fat diet during early life alters testicular lipid content and metabolism, leading to permanent damage to sperm parameters. After weaning (day 21 after birth), 36 male mice were randomly divided into three groups and fed with a different diet regimen for 200 days: a standard chow diet (CTRL), a high-fat diet (HFD) (carbohydrate: 35.7%, protein: 20.5%, and fat: 36.0%), and a high-fat diet for 60 days, then replaced by standard chow (HFDt). Biometric and metabolic data were monitored. Animals were then euthanized, and tissues were collected. Epididymal sperm parameters and endocrine parameters were evaluated. Testicular metabolites were extracted and characterized by 1H-NMR and GC-MS. Testicular mitochondrial and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Our results show that mice fed with a high-fat diet, even if only until early adulthood, had lower sperm viability and motility, and higher incidence of head and tail defects. Although diet reversion with weight loss during adulthood prevents the progression of metabolic syndrome, testicular content in fatty acids is irreversibly affected. Excessive fat intake promoted an overaccumulation of proinflammatory n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the testis, which is strongly correlated with negative effects upon sperm quality. Therefore, the adoption of high-fat diets during early life correlates with irreversible changes in testicular lipid content and metabolism, which are related to permanent damage to sperm quality later in life.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Dieta , Lipídeos/análise , Análise do Sêmen , Testículo/química , Desmame , Fatores Etários , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/fisiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/patologia , Maturidade Sexual/fisiologia , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We present a new efficient green synthetic protocol for introduction of substituents to the C-6 position of 2-arylbenzothiazole nuclei. Newly synthesized compounds were designed to study the influence of the hydroxy and methoxy groups on the 2-arylbenzothiazole scaffold, as well as the influence of the type of substituents placed on the C-6 position of benzothiazole moiety on biological activity, including antibacterial, antitumor and antioxidant activity. Modest activity was observed against the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains for only amidino derivatives 5d and 6d. The tested compounds exhibited moderate to strong antiproliferative activity towards the tumor cell lines tested. The SAR study revealed that the introduction of substituents into the benzene ring of the benzothiazole nuclei is essential for antiproliferative activity, while introduction of the hydroxy group into the 2-aryl moiety of the 2-arybenzothiazole scaffold significantly improved selectivity against tumor cell lines. The observed results revealed several novel 6-substituted-2-arylbenzothiazole compounds, 5b, 5c, 5f and 6f, with strong and selective antiproliferative activity towards HeLa cells in micro and submicromolar concentrations, with the most selective compounds being 6-ammonium-2-(2-hydroxy/methoxyphenyl)benzothiazoles 5f and 6f. The compound 5f bearing the hydroxy group on the 2-arylbenzothiazole core showed the most promising antioxidative activity evaluated by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP in vitro assays. The presence of the amino protonated group attached at the benzothiazole moiety was essential for the antiproliferative and antioxidant activity observed, exerted through a change in the levels of the reactive oxygen species-modulated HIF-1 protein.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Benzotiazóis/química , Benzotiazóis/farmacologia , Química Verde , Benzotiazóis/síntese química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Análise Espectral/métodos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The aim was to explore the influence of experimental diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) and potential protective/deleterious effects of different dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios on renal phospholipid composition and pathological changes caused by DM1. Male Wistar rats were injected with 55 mg/kg streptozotocin or citrate buffer (control group). Control (C) and diabetic groups (STZ) were fed with n-6/n-3 ratio of ≈ 7, STZ + N6 with n-6/n-3 ratio ≈ 60 and STZ + DHA with n-6/n-3 ratio of ≈ 1 containing 16% EPA and 19% DHA. Tissues were harvested 30 days after DM1 induction. Blood and kidneys were collected and analysed for phospholipid fatty acid composition, pathohystological changes, ectopic lipid accumulation and expression of VEGF, NF-kB and special AT-rich sequence-binding protein-1 (SATB1). Pathological changes were studied also by using transmission electron microscopy, after immunostaining for VEGF. Substantial changes in renal phospholipid fatty acid composition resulted from DM1 and dietary PUFA manipulation. Extensive vacuolization of distal tubular cells (DTCs) was found in DM1, but it was attenuated in the STZ + DHA group, in which the highest renal NF-kB expression was observed. The ectopic lipid accumulation was observed in proximal tubular cells (PTCs) of all diabetic animals, but it was worsened in the STZ + N6 group. In DM1, we found disturbance of VEGF-transporting vesicular PTCs system, which was substantially worsened in STZ + DHA and STZ + N6. Results have shown that the early phase of DN is characterized with extent damage and vacuolization of DTCs, which could be attenuated by DHA/EPA supplementation. We concluded that dietary fatty acid composition can strongly influence the outcomes of DN.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/patologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/metabolismo , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/farmacologia , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/farmacologia , Túbulos Renais Distais , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/metabolismo , Túbulos Renais Distais/metabolismo , Túbulos Renais Distais/patologia , Masculino , Fosfolipídeos/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
We prepared a range of N-arylbenzamides with a variable number of methoxy and hydroxy groups, bearing either amino or amino-protonated moieties, and used DPPH and FRAP assays to evaluate their antioxidant capacity. Most of the systems exhibit improved antioxidative properties relative to the reference BHT molecule in both assays. Combining results from both sets of experiments, the most promising antioxidative potential was displayed by the trihydroxy derivative 26, which we propose as a lead compound for a further optimization of the benzamide scaffold. Computational analysis helped in interpreting the observed trends and demonstrated that protonated systems are better antioxidants than their neutral counterparts, while underlying the positive influence of the electron-donating methoxy group on the antioxidant properties, thus confirming the experiments. It also revealed that the introduction of the hydroxy groups shifts the reactivity from both amide and amine groups toward this moiety and additionally enhances antioxidative features. This is particularly evident in 26Hâ¢+, which owes its pronounced reactivity to the stabilizing [O⢷··H-O] hydrogen bonding between the created phenoxyl radical and the two neighboring hydroxy groups. We demonstrated that its antioxidative activities are more favorable than those for analogous trihydroxy derivatives without the N-phenyl group or without the amide moiety, which strongly justifies the employed strategy in utilizing bisphenylamides in designing potent antioxidants.
Assuntos
Aminas/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Benzamidas/farmacologia , Simulação por Computador , Antioxidantes/química , Benzamidas/química , Radicais Livres/química , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible influence of different dietary n6/n3 ratios and DHA/EPA addition on the testis histology, antioxidative status and lipogenesis of streptozotocin-treated rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). The rats were divided into five groups: CON (n6/n3 ratio, 7), CON-DM1 (STZ; n6/n3 ratio, 7), N3-DM1 (STZ; n6/n3 ratio, 1), N6-DM1 (STZ; n6/n3 ratio, 60) and DHA-DM1 (STZ; n6/n3 ratio, 1; added DHA/EPA). Antioxidative status was improved in the DHA-DM1 group. Seminiferous tubule diameter, testicular pathohistological scoring and total lipid content were improved in the N6-DM1 group compared to the other streptozotocin-treated groups. Streptozotocin treatment induced changes in testis fatty acid profile depending on n6/n3 ratio. The fatty acid profile of N6-DM1 group was characterised by similar or increased values for n6 fatty acids compared to the CON group, while the DHA-DM1 group had the lowest content of n6 fatty acids. The content of n3 fatty acids was increased in the N3-DM1 and DHA-DM1 groups. These results suggest that a n6/n3 ratio could significantly influence testicular antioxidative status, histology and lipogenesis and that these effects vary depending on the supplemented fatty acid.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/administração & dosagem , Lipogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Suplementos Nutricionais , Masculino , Ratos WistarRESUMO
A series of pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles has been designed, and novel examples are synthesized and evaluated for their potential antiproliferative activity against four human tumour cell lines-cervical (HeLa), colorectal (SW620), breast (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2). In addition, their antioxidative potency has been evaluated by in vitro spectrophotometric assays. Preliminary structure-activity relationships among the synthesized compounds are discussed. Evaluation of their antioxidative capacity has shown that two compounds (25 and 26) possess promising reducing characteristics and free radical scavenging activity. Selective antiproliferative effect in the single-digit micromolar range was observed for compound 25 on MCF-7 [Formula: see text] and HeLa [Formula: see text] cell lines, comparable to the standards 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. The combination of the radical scavenging activity and antiproliferative activity of compound 25 positions this compound as a potential lead candidate for further optimization.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Benzimidazóis/química , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Various studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of phenolic compounds on production animals. Supplementation of animal diets with phytogenic compounds, such as different essential oils and polyphenols, could improve animal productivity as well as the chemical composition and oxidative stability of food derived from those animals. RESULTS: During the trial, 80 male broilers of the Ross 308 strain were allocated to four dietary groups: control and three groups supplemented with thymol, tannic acid and gallic acid. Feed utilisation was improved in all experimental groups and tannic acid also improved final body weight. Gallic acid significantly increased n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. A hypocholesterolaemic effect was noticed in all groups in liver, but not in muscle. The glucose lowering effect in serum was noticed in the tannic acid group in comparison to other experimental groups. Oxidative susceptibility was improved by tannic acid in liver and breast and by gallic acid in breast muscle. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of phenolic compounds enhanced growth performance, decreased lipid oxidation, decreased cholesterol value and increased beneficial fatty acids content. Positive effects varied depending on phenolic compound used and, therefore, it would be interesting to further investigate synergistic effects of investigated phenolic compound.
Assuntos
Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Galinhas , Suplementos Nutricionais , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Carne/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Ração Animal , Animais , Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacologia , Mama/efeitos dos fármacos , Mama/metabolismo , Galinhas/sangue , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/sangue , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Músculos/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculos/metabolismo , Valor Nutritivo , Taninos/farmacologia , Timol/farmacologiaRESUMO
Fatty acids (FAs) are of utmost importance in the peripartal period for the development of the central nervous and immune systems of the newborn. The transport of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) through the placenta is considered to be minimal in ruminants. Nevertheless, the cow's FAs are the main source of FAs for the calf during gestation. This research aimed to investigate the influence of low-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during late gestation on the FA metabolism of cows and their calves. A total of 20 Charolais cows during the last month of their gestation were included in the feeding trial and were divided into a control group (CON) and an experimental group (EPA + DHA). The latter received a supplement in the amount of 100 g/day (9.1 and 7.8 g/cow/day of EPA and DHA, respectively). Supplementation of low-dose EPA and DHA alters colostrum and milk fatty acid composition through the elevation of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) without affecting milk fat and protein concentrations and oxidative status. Plasma composition in cows was significantly altered, while the same effect was not detected in calf plasma. No significant change in mRNA expression was detected for the genes fatty acid synthase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA).
RESUMO
We present the design, synthesis, computational analysis, and biological assessment of several acrylonitrile derived imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines, which were evaluated for their anticancer and antioxidant properties. Our aim was to explore how the number of hydroxy groups and the nature of nitrogen substituents influence their biological activity. The prepared derivatives exhibited robust and selective antiproliferative effects against several pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells, most markedly targeting Capan-1 cells (IC50 1.2-5.3 µM), while their selectivity was probed relative to normal PBMC cells. Notably, compound 55, featuring dihydroxy and bromo substituents, emerged as a promising lead molecule. It displayed the most prominent antiproliferative activity without any adverse impact on the viability of normal cells. Furthermore, the majority of studied derivatives also exhibited significant antioxidative activity within the FRAP assay, even surpassing the reference molecule BHT. Computational analysis rationalized the results by highlighting the dominance of the electron ionization for the antioxidant features with the trend in the computed ionization energies well matching the observed activities. Still, in trihydroxy derivatives, their ability to release hydrogen atoms and form a stable O-Hâ¯Oâ¢â¯H-O fragment upon the H⢠abstraction prevails, promoting them as excellent antioxidants in DPPH⢠assays as well.
Assuntos
Acrilonitrila , Antineoplásicos , Antioxidantes , Proliferação de Células , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Piridinas , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/síntese química , Acrilonitrila/química , Acrilonitrila/farmacologia , Acrilonitrila/análogos & derivados , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Piridinas/química , Piridinas/farmacologia , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Imidazóis/química , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Imidazóis/síntese químicaRESUMO
Newly prepared tetracyclic imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives were synthesized to study their antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells. Additionally, the structure-activity was studied to confirm the impact of the N atom position in pyridine nuclei as well as the chosen amino side chains on antiproliferative activity. Targeted amino substituted regioisomers were prepared by using uncatalyzed amination from corresponding chloro substituted precursors. The most active compounds 6 a, 8 and 10 showed improved activity in comparison to standard drug etoposide with IC50 values in a nanomolar range of concentration (0.2-0.9â µM). NMR-based metabolomics is a powerful instrument to elucidate activity mechanism of new chemotherapeutics. Multivariate and univariate statistical analysis of metabolic profiles of non-small cell lung cancer cells before and after exposure to 6 a revealed significant changes in metabolism of essential amino acids, glycerophospholipids and oxidative defense. Insight into the changes of metabolic pathways that are heavily involved in cell proliferation and survival provide valuable guidelines for more detailed analysis of activity metabolism and possible targets of this class of bioactive compounds.
RESUMO
Herein we present the design and the synthesis of novel substituted coumarin-benzimidazole/benzothiazole hybrids bearing a cyclic amidino group on the benzazole core as biologically active agents. All prepared compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antiviral and antioxidative activity as well as for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against a panel of several human cancer cell lines. Coumarin-benzimidazole hybrid 10 (EC50 9.0-43.8 µM) displayed the most promising broad spectrum antiviral activity, while two other coumarin-benzimidazole hybrids 13 and 14 showed the highest antioxidative capacity in the ABTS assay, superior to the reference standard BHT (IC50 0.17 and 0.11 mM, respectively). Computational analysis supported these results and demonstrated that these hybrids benefit from the high C-H hydrogen atom releasing tendency of the cationic amidine unit, and the pronounced ease with which they can liberate an electron, promoted by the electron-donating diethylamine group on the coumarin core. The coumarin ring substitution at position 7 with a N,N-diethylamino group also caused a significant enhancement of the antiproliferative activity, with the most active compounds being derivatives with a 2-imidazolinyl amidine group 13 (IC50 0.3-1.9 µM) and benzothiazole derivative with a hexacyclic amidine group 18 (IC50 1.3-2.0 µM).
RESUMO
SCOPE: Exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) from early-life is associated with a testicular metabolic signature link to abnormal sperm parameters up to two generations after exposure in mice. Hereby, this study describes a testicular lipid signature associate with "inherited metabolic memory" of exposure to HFD, persisting up to two generations in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Diet-challenged mice (n = 36) are randomly fed after weaning with standard chow (CTRL); HFD for 200 days or transient HFD (HFDt ) (60 days of HFD + 140 days of standard chow). Subsequent generations (36 mice per generation) are fed with chow diet. Mice are euthanized 200 days post-weaning. Glucose homeostasis, serum hormones, testicular bioenergetics, and antioxidant enzyme activity are evaluated. Testicular lipid-related metabolites and fatty acids are characterized by 1 H-NMR and GC-MS. Sons of HFD display impaired choline metabolism, mitochondrial activity, and antioxidant defenses, while grandsons show a shift in testicular ω3/ω6 ratio towards a pro-inflammatory environment. Grandsons of HFDt raise 3-hydroxybutyrate levels with possible implications to testicular insulin resistance. Sperm counts decrease in grandsons of HFD-exposed mice, regardless of the duration of exposure. CONCLUSION: HFD-induced "inherited metabolic memory" alters testicular fatty acid metabolism with consequences to sperm parameters up to two generations.
Assuntos
Dieta Hiperlipídica , Ácidos Graxos , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Espermatozoides , Testículo/metabolismoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to examine the benefits of different n6/n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios on the lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in the adipose tissue of rats fed a high-fructose diet. Male and female rats were divided into four groups: a control group (CON) (n6/n3 ratio ~7), a high-fructose group (HF) (n6/n3 ratio ~7), an N6-HF group (n6/n3 ratio ~50), and the DHA-HF group (n6/n3 ratio ~1, with the addition of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acid). The CON group received plain water and the HF group received 15% fructose in their drinking water. Fructose induced an increase in the content of serum triglycerides, serum cholesterol, and HOMA-IR index. Among the fatty acids, elevated proportions of C18:1n9 and C16:1n7, as well as an increase in total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), were found in the adipose tissue of the HF group. Fructose treatment also changed oxidative parameters, including a marked increase in the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Meanwhile, DHA supplementation caused a significant decrease in the serum MDA concentration in comparison with the HF group. In addition, DHA/EPA supplementation attenuated oxidative stress by increasing NRF 2 gene expression. Fructose treatment also significantly decreased the adiponectin level, while DHA supplementation ameliorated it. The changes observed in this trial, including the decrease in the content of DHA and EPA, the decreased EPA/ARA ratio, and the increase in the expression of inflammatory genes, are characteristics of the low-grade inflammation caused by fructose treatment. These changes in the rat adipose tissue could be prevented by dietary intervention consisting of DHA supplementation and a low n6/n3 ratio.
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BACKGROUND: Benzazole and coumarin derivatives are one of the most privileged heterocyclic substructures in the medicinal chemistry with well-known biological features, which include a wide range of versatile biological activities as well as excellent spectroscopic characteristics thus offering their potential application in many research fields. OBJECTIVE: The prepared iminocoumarins were synthesized to evaluate their antioxidative potential by using ABTS and FRAP assays and in vitro antiproliferative activity. METHODS: A series of coumarin derivatives containing a 2-benzazole motif were synthesized and evaluated for their antioxidative capacity and antiproliferative activity. Their molecular structure incorporates a push-pull functionality: an electron donor donating group at the 7-position with an electron-withdrawing group, such as benzimidazole, benzothiazole and imidazopyridine fragment at the 3-position. RESULTS: The iminocoumarins bearing different substituents on 7-position were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity on tree cancer cells with only 4 compounds showing the antiproliferative activity. The most active derivative was N,N-diethylamino substituted benzimidazole derivative 4d and imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine analogue 6b, both also displayed selective activity toward CEM with submicromolar inhibitory concentration (0.059 µM; 0.17 ± 0.09, respectively). The inhibitory effect of 4d and 6b derivatives on the cell-cycle progression of HeLa cells was studied. A flow cytometric analysis of the HeLa cells indicated an appreciable cell-cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner. Antioxidant properties were studied by ABTS and FRAP assays and obtained results revealed that the most promising antioxidant has proven to be compound 3b while other compounds, in general, showed moderate to very low antioxidative capacity in both assays. CONCLUSION: Unsubstituted benzimidazole derivatives bearing hydroxyl group on iminocoumarin nuclei exhibited the most prominent antioxidant potential in ABTS assay (3b; 40.5 ± 0.01). The most significant and selective antiproliferative activity was displayed by compounds 4d and 6b (0.059 µM; 0.17 ± 0.09, respectively), which were chosen as lead compounds for further optimization and rational design to obtain more active and selective antiproliferative agents.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Benzotiazóis/química , Cumarínicos/química , Cumarínicos/farmacologia , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Células HeLa , HumanosRESUMO
We compared the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of two propolis extracts: one obtained with nonaqueous polyethylene glycol, PEG 400 (PgEP), and the other obtained with ethanol (EEP). We analyzed the total phenolic content (TPC) and the concentrations of ten markers of propolis antioxidant activity with HPLC-UV: caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, kaempferol, apigenin, pinocembrin, chrysin, CAPE, and galangin. Antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH and FRAP assay, and antimicrobial activity was assessed through minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) determination. Maceration gave the yield of propolis of 25.2 ± 0.08% in EEP, and 21.5 ± 0.24% in PgEP. All ten markers of antioxidant activity were found in both extracts, with all marker concentrations, except kaempferol, higher in EEP. There was no significant difference between the TPC and antioxidant activity of the PgEP and the EEP extract; TPC of PgEP was 16.78 ± 0.23 mg/mL, while EEP had TPC of 15.92 ± 0.78 mg/mL. Both extracts had antimicrobial activity against most investigated pathogens and Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Escherichia coli biofilms. EEP was more effective against all tested susceptible pathogens, except E. coli, possibly due to higher content of kaempferol in PgEP relative to other polyphenols. Nonaqueous PEG 400 could be used for propolis extraction. It gives extracts with comparable concentrations of antioxidants and has a good antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. It is a safe excipient, convenient for pediatric and veterinary formulations.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of high-fat (HF) and cafeteria diet (CAF) diets and sex on the metabolism of important fatty acids in the liver and perirenal fat tissue. Dietary treatments induced changes in the fatty acid profile in comparison to the untreated group, but the characteristic differences between treated groups were also observable. The HF diet induced an increase in the content of C16:1n-7 and C18:1n-7 in the liver phospholipids (PL) and triglycerides (TG) and perirenal fat tissue compared to the control and CAF diet. The CAF diet induced a more drastic decrease in both n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including depletion of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The CAF diet also increased the content of n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-6) in the liver and decreased it in the perirenal fat. Sex also had a significant influence on the fatty acid profile, but the variables with the highest differences between the CAF and HF treatments were identical in the male and female rats. In this study, we have established that two dietary models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) led to characteristic changes in the hepatic and perirenal fat fatty acid profile, in contrast to the control diet and in comparison with each other. These differences could play an important role in the interpretation of the experimental results of nutritional studies.