RESUMO
Obesity is one of the greatest public health problems. This complex condition has reached epidemic proportions in many parts of the world, and it constitutes a risk factor for several chronic disorders, such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. In the last few decades, several studies dealt with the potential effects of natural products as new safe and effective tools for body weight control. Saponins are naturally-occurring surface-active glycosides, mainly produced by plants, whose structure consists of a sugar moiety linked to a hydrophobic aglycone (a steroid or a triterpene). Many pharmacological properties have been reported for these compounds, such as anti-inflammatory, immunostimulant, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, antifungal and cytotoxic activities. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent studies about the anti-obesity therapeutic potential of saponins isolated from medicinal plants. Results on the in vitro and in vivo activity of this class of phytochemicals are here presented and discussed. The most interesting findings about their possible mechanism of action and their potential health benefits in the treatment of obesity are reported, as well.
Assuntos
Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Saponinas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Plantas Medicinais/química , Saponinas/química , Saponinas/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Lipids are essential compounds for all living organisms. Agents that inhibit fat digestion are of theoretical benefit in the treatment of obesity. A total of 18 species (21 hydroalcoholic extracts) of edible plants from Calabria region (Italy) were evaluated for their in vitro pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. Lipase activity was measured by monitoring the hydrolysis of p-NPC, which releases the yellow chromogen, p-nitrophenol. The aqueous ethanol extracts of Portulaca oleracea (leaves) and Silene vulgaris (leaves) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on lipase. The amounts of total phenolics, measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method, varied widely in the different analysed extracts and ranged from 29 to 482 mg/g of extract. In this study, the findings do not show any relationship between lipase inhibitory activity and total phenolic content.
Assuntos
Dieta Mediterrânea , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Lipase/antagonistas & inibidores , Fenóis/análise , Animais , Fármacos Antiobesidade/química , Ativação Enzimática , Ensaios Enzimáticos , Etanol , Foeniculum/química , Lipase/metabolismo , Pâncreas/enzimologia , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Portulaca/química , Silene/química , SuínosRESUMO
The present study shows for the first time the phenolic composition and the in vitro properties (antioxidant and inhibition of nitric oxide production) of Hypericum calabricum Sprengel collected in Italy. The content of hypericins (hypericin and pseudohypericin), hyperforin, flavonoids (rutin, hyperoside, isoquercetrin, quercitrin, quercetin and biapigenin) and chlorogenic acid of H. calabricum, have been determined. The ethyl acetate fraction from the aerial parts of H. calabricum exhibited activity against the radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with IC50 value of 1.6 jig/ml. The test for inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production was performed using the murine monocytic macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. The ethyl acetate fraction had significant activity with an IC50 value of 102 jig/ml and this might indicate that it would have an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Hypericum/química , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Aleitamento Materno , Células Cultivadas , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Muridae , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The present study shows the chemical profile and the in vitro properties (antioxidant and inhibition of nitric oxide production) of the Origanum heracleoticum L. (Lamiaceae). The ethanolic extract of the aerial parts is characterized by terpenes and fatty acids. The extract, with high total phenol and flavonoid content, showed a significant radical-scavenging activity (IC(50) value of 12.8 µg/mL) using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test and an interesting antioxidant activity with the ß-carotene bleaching test (IC(50) values of 12.9 and 14.1 µg/mL at 30 and 60 min of incubation, respectively). The test for the inhibition of NO production, performed using the murine monocytic macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line, showed that the extract had significant activity with an IC(50) value of 108.5 µg/mL. The cytotoxic effect of O. heracleoticum extract in presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 µg/mL) was evaluated but found to be negligible.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Etanol/química , Lamiaceae/química , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inibidores , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Células Cultivadas , Lipopolissacarídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Oxirredução , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Twenty samples of two caper species were collected from various natural habitats of Calabria (South Italy). A sample program was designed in order to cover all taxa and morphotypes present in the studied area, trying to correlate ecological conditions, phytochemical content, and biological activities. These species were characterized through the detection, isolation, and capillary GC-GC/MS quantitative evaluation of chemical markers (phytosterols and vitamin E). The antioxidant activity of MeOH caper extracts was assayed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ß-carotene bleaching tests. The chemical investigation showed a different composition according to the species and the populations. The best free radical (DPPH) scavenging activity was exerted by Capparis orientalis sample C4 (collected near Copanello village, granodiorite sea cliff) and Capparis sicula ssp. sicula sample C5 (collected near Tarsia village, clay soil). Sample C2 (Galatrella Valley, clay soil) showed the highest inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation with more efficacy than propyl gallate, the reference drug.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Capparis/química , Capparis/metabolismo , Meio Ambiente , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Capparis/classificação , Itália , Ácido Linoleico/química , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Photochemotherapy is one of the most interesting current therapeutic approaches for the treatment of melanoma. Different classes of naturally occurring phytochemicals demonstrated interesting photoactive properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the photocytotoxic potential of two Cachrys species from Southern Italy: C. sicula and C. libanotis (Apiaceae). The enriched-coumarin extracts were obtained from aerial parts through both traditional maceration and pressurized cyclic solid-liquid (PCSL) extraction using Naviglio extractor®. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of furanocoumarins were performed with GC-MS. The photocytotoxic effects were verified on C32 melanoma cells irradiated at a dose of 1.08 J/cm2. The apoptotic responses were also assessed. Moreover, phenolic content and the in vitro antioxidant potential were estimated. Xanthotoxin, bergapten, and isopimpinellin were identified. All the samples induced concentration-dependent photocytotoxic effects (IC50 ranging from 3.16 to 18.18 µg/mL). The C. libanotis sample obtained with Naviglio extractor® was the most effective one (IC50 = 3.16 ± 0.21 µg/mL), followed by C. sicula sample obtained with the same technique (IC50 = 8.83 ± 0.20 µg/mL). Both Cachrys samples obtained through PCSL induced up-regulation of apoptotic signals such as BAX (Bcl2-associated X protein) and PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase) cleavage. Moreover, these samples proved to be more photoactive, giving a greater upregulation of p21 protein in the presence of UVA radiation. Obtained results suggest that investigated species could be promising candidates for further investigations aimed to find new potential drugs for the photochemotherapy of skin cancer.
RESUMO
A series of chalcones (1-9) and pyrazoles (10-18) was prepared to investigate their potential activity as Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Their structures were verified by elemental analysis, UV, IR, MS, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and 2D NMR experiments. Among tested compounds, chalcone 7 exerted the highest activity with an IC(50) value of 0.219 mM, while the most potent pyrazole was 15 (IC(50) value of 0.213 mM).
Assuntos
Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/síntese química , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Chalconas/síntese química , Chalconas/farmacologia , Pirazóis/química , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/química , Chalconas/química , Análise Espectral/métodosRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity of the essential oils from Pinus nigra subsp. nigra, P. nigra var. calabrica, and P. heldreichii subsp. leucodermis. This activity is relevant to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), since cholinesterase drugs are currently the only drugs available to treat AD. P. heldreichii subsp. leucodermis exhibited the most promising activity, with IC(50) values of 51.1 and 80.6 microg/mL against AChE and BChE, respectively. An interesting activity against AChE was also observed with P. nigra subsp. nigra essential oil, with an IC(50) value of 94.4 microg/mL. Essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS with the purpose of investigating their relationships with the observed activities. Among the identified constituents, terpinolene, beta-phellandrene, linalyl acetate, trans-caryophyllene, and terpinen-4-ol were tested. trans-Caryophyllene and terpinen-4-ol inhibited BChE with IC(50) values of 78.6 and 107.6 microg/mL, respectively. beta-Phellandrene was selective against AChE (IC(50) value of 120.2 microg/mL).
Assuntos
Inibidores da Colinesterase/análise , Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Pinus/química , Terpenos/análise , Terpenos/química , Acetilcolinesterase , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Butirilcolinesterase , Descoberta de Drogas , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Estrutura Molecular , Concentração Osmolar , Fitoterapia , Folhas de Planta/químicaRESUMO
In the present work the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Amaryllidaceae-type alkaloids in the aerial parts and bulbs of Galanthus reginae-olgae Orph. subsp. vernalis Kamari is presented for the first time using GC-MS analysis. The alkaloids galanthamine, lycorine, and tazettine were identified in both extracts while crinine and neronine were found only in the bulbs. The yield of alkaloid fraction from bulbs (36.8%) is very high compared to the yield from aerial parts (9.34%). Lycorine was the major component in both fractions. The antioxidant potential was determined by three complementary methods. The preparations to reduce the stable free radical DPPH to the yellow-colored 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl with IC(50) values of 39 and 29 mug/mL for MeOH extracts from aerial parts and bulbs, respectively. The higher activity was given by EtOAc fraction of aerial parts with IC(50) of 10 mug/mL. This activity is probably due to the presence in EtOAc fraction of polar compounds such as polyphenols. The fraction exhibited a significant antioxidant capacity also in the beta-carotene-linoleic acid test system. A higher level of antioxidant activity was observed for EtOAc fraction from bulbs with IC(50) of 10 mug/mL after 30 min and 9 mug/mL after 60 min of incubation. In contrast, the fraction from bulbs performed poorly in the lipid peroxidation liposomes assay. Significant activity was obtained for dichloromethane fraction from aerial parts (IC(50) of 74 mug/mL). The major abundance of alkaloid in dichloromethane fraction may be responsible of the bulbs anti-cholinesterase highest activity (38.5%) at 0.5 mg/mL.
Assuntos
Alcaloides de Amaryllidaceae/isolamento & purificação , Galanthus , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/tratamento farmacológico , Componentes Aéreos da Planta , Raízes de Plantas , Alcaloides de Amaryllidaceae/química , Alcaloides de Amaryllidaceae/uso terapêutico , Animais , Encéfalo/enzimologia , Bovinos , Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Inibidores da Colinesterase/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores da Colinesterase/uso terapêutico , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/enzimologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The synthesis and the biological evaluation of pyrano[3,2-e]indoles and their reaction intermediates are described. The compounds prepared were evaluated for their inhibition of NO production, antioxidant activity and also for their ability to inhibit in vitro the growth of four human tumor cell lines: large lung carcinoma (COR-L23), alveolar basal epithelial carcinoma (A549), amelanotic melanoma (C32) and melanoma (A375). The two reaction intermediates, 5a and 5b, showed the highest inhibition of NO production in murine monocytic macrophage (IC(50) = 1.1 microM and IC(50) = 2.3 microM respectively). Compound 5a was the most active against melanotic melanoma (IC(50) = 11.8 microM) while the other compounds exhibited weak cytotoxicity with IC(50) values >50 microM on all cell lines.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Indóis , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inibidores , Piranos , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Indóis/síntese química , Indóis/química , Indóis/farmacologia , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Piranos/síntese química , Piranos/química , Piranos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Iridoids represent a large group of cyclopenta[c]pyran monoterpenoids that occur wide-spread in nature, mainly in dicotyledonous plant families like Apocynaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Diervillaceae, Lamiaceae, Loganiaceae and Rubiaceae. Recently, more extensive studies revealed that iridoids exhibit a wide range of bioactivity, such as neuroprotective, antinflammatory and immunomodulator, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects. Anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobic, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, choleretic, antispasmodic and purgative properties were also reported. The aim of the present review is to discuss the recent developments on biological and pharmacological activities of iridoids, supporting the new therapeutic possibilities for the use of these compounds.
Assuntos
Desenho de Fármacos , Iridoides/metabolismo , Iridoides/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/metabolismo , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Cardiotônicos/química , Cardiotônicos/metabolismo , Cardiotônicos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Fatores Imunológicos/química , Fatores Imunológicos/metabolismo , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Iridoides/química , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/química , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Five hydroalcoholic extracts of edible plants from Calabria region (Italy) used in local traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases were evaluated for their in vivo topical anti-inflammatory activity (inhibition of croton oil-induced ear oedema in mice) and in vitro antioxidant and antiradical properties (inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation and bovine brain liposomes peroxidation, DPPH radical scavenging). All the extracts showed an anti-inflammatory effect: 300 microg/cm(2) provoked oedema reductions ranging from 21 to 27%. All the extracts exerted also radical scavenging and/or antioxidant properties, the most active plant being Mentha aquatica L. (Lamiaceae) which contained the highest amount of phenolics (337 mg/g) and of flavonoids (15.75 mg/g). Moreover, the content and the composition of sterols were assessed by GC-MS in the examined plants Borago officinalis L. (Boraginaceae) contained the highest number of sterols.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Comestíveis , Animais , Bovinos , Flavonoides/análise , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Fenóis/análise , Fitosteróis/análise , Plantas Comestíveis/químicaRESUMO
AIM OF THE STUDY: In recent years the use of medicinal plants has been growing worldwide and this is particularly true in Lebanon. In the present investigation we report the inhibitory activity against digestive enzymes related to diabetes and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) of extracts of nine plant species collected in Lebanon, where they have a traditional use against diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to evaluate if the extraction procedure could influence the activity we decided to perform different extractions with methanol, n-hexane and chloroform of Calamintha origanifolia, Satureja thymbra, Prangos asperula, Sideritis perfoliata, Asperula glomerata, Hyssopus officinalis, Erythraea centaurium, Marrubium radiatum and Salvia acetabulosa and test each of them. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Marrubium radiatum and Salvia acetabulosa methanol extracts exerted the highest activity against alpha-amylase (IC(50) 61.1 and 91.2 microg/ml, respectively) and alpha-glucosidase (IC(50) 68.8 and 76.9 microg/ml, respectively). The same extracts exhibited a strong inhibitory activity against ACE with IC(50) of 72.7 and 52.7 microg/ml, respectively. The results support the traditional use of some the species examined.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/isolamento & purificação , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatologia , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Líbano , Medicina Tradicional , alfa-Amilases/efeitos dos fármacos , alfa-Amilases/metabolismo , alfa-Glucosidases/efeitos dos fármacos , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismoRESUMO
ABSTRACT In the present study the in vitro hypoglycemic and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of hot pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum var. acuminatum L.) at different ripening stages were investigated. The mature, green-stage fruits had the highest activity against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values of 55.88 and 76.11 microg/mL, respectively, while C. annuum var. acuminatum in the prematurity green stage exhibited the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibition property (IC(50) = 84.30 microg/mL), using the Ellman method. This study highlights the biochemical rationale for chemopreventive significance in health benefits when consuming this variety of pepper.
Assuntos
Capsicum/química , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Frutas/química , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases , alfa-Amilases/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
The chemical composition of the essential oils of Laurus nobilis, Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. oxycedrus, Thuja orientalis, Cupressus sempervirens ssp. pyramidalis, Pistacia palaestina, Salvia officinalis, and Satureja thymbra was determined by GC/MS analysis. Essential oils have been evaluated for their inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV and HSV-1 replication in vitro by visually scoring of the virus-induced cytopathogenic effect post-infection. L. nobilis oil exerted an interesting activity against SARS-CoV with an IC(50) value of 120 microg/ml and a selectivity index (SI) of 4.16. This oil was characterized by the presence of beta-ocimene, 1,8-cineole, alpha-pinene, and beta-pinene as the main constituents. J. oxycedrus ssp. oxycedrus oil, in which alpha-pinene and beta-myrcene were the major constituents, revealed antiviral activity against HSV-1 with an IC(50) value of 200 microg/ml and a SI of 5.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Juniperus/química , Laurus/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antivirais/química , Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Chlorocebus aethiops , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Líbano , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Estruturas Vegetais/química , Células VeroRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to evaluate for the first time the in vitro cytotoxic activity of fractions and isolated flavonols from Salsola oppositifolia Desf. (Amaranthaceae). The n-hexane fraction demonstrated an effective cytotoxic activity on the large lung carcinoma and amelanotic melanoma cell lines with IC50 values of 19.1 microg/ml and 24.4 microg/ml, respectively. Also the dichloromethane fraction exhibited cytotoxic activity against COR-L23 (IC50 30.4 microg/ml) and C32 (IC50 33.2 microg/ml) cells, while the EtOAc fraction demonstrated a selective cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells (IC50 67.9 microg/ml). The major active constituents of this fraction were isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside (1) and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (2), which showed an interesting activity against the cell line MCF-7 with IC50 values of 18.2 and 25.2 microg/ml, respectively. Compound 2 exhibited a strong activity against the hormone-dependent prostate carcinoma LNCaP cell line with an IC50 of 20.5 microg/ml. Constituents of S. oppositifolia were identified by GC-MS and NMR analyses.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Salsola/química , Amaranthaceae/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Mama , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Feminino , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais , Melanoma , Metanol , Paclitaxel/isolamento & purificação , Paclitaxel/farmacologia , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Vimblastina/isolamento & purificação , Vimblastina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Alkaloid profiles of five Senecio species (Asteraceae), including S. ambiguus subsp. ambiguus, S. ambiguus subsp. nebrodensis, S. gibbosus subsp. bicolor, S. gibbosus subsp. gibbosus, and S. gibbosus subsp. cineraria, were studied. Eleven pyrrolizidine alkaloids were identified and their content was evaluated by GLC-MS and GLC analysis. Otosenine and florosenine were found to be the major alkaloids in all studied species. It is interesting that only S. ambiguus subsp. nebrodensis was characterized by a high content of the alkaloids jacobine, jacoline, jaconine, and jacozine.
Assuntos
Alcaloides de Pirrolizidina/análise , Senécio/química , Cromatografia Gasosa , Ecossistema , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Geografia , Itália , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Alcaloides de Pirrolizidina/isolamento & purificação , Senécio/classificação , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra (Hypericaceae) aerial part and of flavonoids isolated therein, I3,II8-biapigenin, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, kaempferol-3-O-glycoside, (-)-epicatechin and hypericin, was evaluated. The IC(50) resulted between 0.062 and 1 mg/ml.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Hypericum , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Flavonoides/administração & dosagem , Flavonoides/química , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
Oil of bergamot is receiving renewed popularity in aromatherapy. The biovariability of Citrus bergamia grown wild in Calabria (Italy) was investigated as far as chemical markers (linalool, linalyl acetate and bergapten) content and antioxidant and antifungal activities of the methanolic extracts. The average content in the markers presents slight variations with the altitude and more evident changes with the latitude of the areas of plant collection.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Citrus , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Compostos de Bifenilo , Frutas , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Picratos/química , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Pythium/efeitos dos fármacos , Trichophyton/efeitos dos fármacos , beta Caroteno/químicaRESUMO
The methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the aerial parts of Cirsium tenoreanum, have been evaluated for their phytochemical constituents and antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. Three flavonoids, apigenin, quercetin-3-O-galactoside and kaempferol-3-O-ramnoside, were isolated. The ethyl acetate extract showed a good antiproliferative activity.