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1.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 92(1): 78-84, 2014 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24383876

RESUMO

Choline is an essential nutrient, and choline deficiency has been associated with cardiovascular morbidity. Choline is also the precursor of acetylcholine (cholinergic component of the heart's autonomic nervous system), whose levels are regulated by acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Cardiac contraction-relaxation cycles depend on ion gradients established by pumps like the adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and Mg(2+)-ATPase. This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary choline deprivation on the activity of rat myocardial AChE (cholinergic marker), Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, and Mg(2+)-ATPase, and the possible effects of carnitine supplementation (carnitine, structurally relevant to choline, is used as an adjunct in treating cardiac diseases). Adult male albino Wistar rats were distributed among 4 groups, and were fed a standard or choline-deficient diet for one month with or without carnitine in their drinking water (0.15% w/v). The enzyme activities were determined spectrophotometrically in the myocardium homogenate. Choline deficiency seems to affect the activity of the aforementioned parameters, but only the combination of choline deprivation and carnitine supplementation increased myocardial Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity along with a concomitant decrease in the activities of Mg(2+)-ATPase and AChE. The results suggest that carnitine, in the setting of choline deficiency, modulates cholinergic myocardial neurotransmission and the ATPase activity in favour of cardiac work efficiency.


Assuntos
Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , ATPase de Ca(2+) e Mg(2+)/metabolismo , Cardiotônicos/farmacologia , Carnitina/farmacologia , Miocárdio/enzimologia , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/metabolismo , Animais , Colina/sangue , Deficiência de Colina/enzimologia , Masculino , Ratos Wistar
2.
Eur J Pharmacol ; 709(1-3): 20-7, 2013 Jun 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23562624

RESUMO

Choline is a B vitamin co-factor and its deficiency seems to impair heart function. Carnitine, a chemical analog of choline, has been used as adjunct in the management of cardiac diseases. The study investigates the effects of choline deficiency on myocardial performance in adult rats and the possible modifications after carnitine administration. Wistar Albino rats (n=24), about 3 months old, were randomized into four groups fed with: (a) standard diet (control-CA), (b) choline deficient diet (CDD), (c) standard diet and carnitine in drinking water 0.15% w/v (CARN) and (d) choline deficient diet and carnitine (CDD+CARN). After four weeks of treatment, we assessed cardiac function under isometric conditions using the Langendorff preparations [Left Ventricular Developed Pressure (LVDP-mmHg), positive and negative first derivative of LVDP were evaluated], measured serum homocysteine and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and performed histopathology analyses. In the CDD group a compromised myocardium contractility compared to control (P=0.01), as assessed by LVDP, was noted along with a significantly impaired diastolic left ventricular function, as assessed by (-) dp/dt (P=0.02) that were prevented by carnitine. Systolic force, assessed by (+) dp/dt, showed no statistical difference between groups. A significant increase in serum BNP concentration was found in the CDD group (P<0.004) which was attenuated by carnitine (P<0.05), whereas homocysteine presented contradictory results (higher in the CDD+CARN group). Heart histopathology revealed a lymphocytic infiltration of myocardium and valves in the CDD group that was reduced by carnitine. In conclusion, choline deficiency in adult rats impairs heart performance; carnitine acts against these changes.


Assuntos
Cardiotônicos/uso terapêutico , Carnitina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de Colina/dietoterapia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/prevenção & controle , Animais , Cardiotônicos/efeitos adversos , Carnitina/efeitos adversos , Deficiência de Colina/imunologia , Deficiência de Colina/patologia , Deficiência de Colina/fisiopatologia , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Edema Cardíaco/etiologia , Edema Cardíaco/prevenção & controle , Fibrose , Valvas Cardíacas/imunologia , Valvas Cardíacas/patologia , Ventrículos do Coração/imunologia , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Homocisteína/sangue , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/etiologia , Linfócitos/imunologia , Masculino , Contração Miocárdica , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/etiologia
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