Truth-tellers stand the test of time and contradict evidence less than liars, even months after a crime.

When deceptive suspects are unaware of the evidence the police hold against them, they contradict that evidence more than truthful suspects do-a useful cue to deception. But given that, over time, truthful suspects might forget the past and also contradict the evidence, how effective are lie detection techniques that rely on such inconsistencies when suspects are questioned months after a crime? In Experiment 1, people committed a theft (liars) or a benign activity (truth-tellers) in a university bookshop. Shortly after or 2 months later, we questioned them about their bookshop visit without informing them of the evidence implicating them in the theft. Though truth-tellers contradicted some evidence after both time delays, liars always contradicted the evidence more than did truth-tellers. In Experiment 2, we presented the mock suspects' responses to an independent group of laypeople and asked them to rate how deceptive the suspects were. Laypeople rated liars as more deceptive than truth-tellers after both time delays, but also rated truth-tellers questioned 2 months after the crime as more deceptive than truth-tellers questioned shortly after the crime. These findings suggest that liars' tendency to distance themselves from a crime might outweigh any memory decay that truth-tellers experience in the 2 months following a crime. As a result, the extent of a suspect's contradictions with the evidence could still be diagnostic of deception even after an extended time delay. (PsycINFO Database Record

HPTLC fingerprinting and quantification of lignans as markers in sesame oil and its polyherbal formulations.

Sesamum (Sesamum indicum) seed and its oil have been in use in Indian traditional medicine, 'Ayurveda' since antiquity. However, there has been no attempt to standardize the polyherbal formulations containing sesamum oil as the main ingredient in terms of its active principle or marker compound. Biologically active lignans in sesamum oil are identified as the marker compound for the oil and its formulations. In this report, a simple, rapid and sensitive HPTLC method is described for the first time to identify and quantify sesamin and sesamolin, the major lignans of the sesamum oil and the method was applied to polyherbal formulations containing the oil for their quantitative estimation. The method was validated in terms of its calibration curve, limits of detection and quantification, precision, accuracy and robustness following standard protocols. The method thus developed was applied to sesamum oil and its commercial herbal formulations to quantify sesamin and sesamolin. The method for fingerprints of the formulations in the form of densitogram following charring of the chromatographic plate was also developed that could be useful for marker-based quality assurance of the polyherbal products containing sesamum oil.

An ecofriendly approach to process rice bran for high quality rice bran oil using supercritical carbon dioxide for nutraceutical applications.

An integrated approach to extraction and refining of RBO using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) in order to preserve the nutritionally important phytochemicals is reported here. Process variables such as pressure, temperature, time, solvent flow rate and packing material on extraction yield and quality of RBO were investigated using a pilot model SC-CO2 extraction system. Three isobaric (350, 425 and 500 bar), three isothermal temperatures (50, 60 and 70 degrees C), three extraction times (0.5, 1 and 1.5h), at 40/min CO2 flow rate and three packing materials (pebbles, glass beads and structured SS rings) were employed. The RBO yield with SC-CO2 extraction increased with temperature and time under isobaric conditions. At the 60 degrees C isotherm, an increase in the RBO yield was obtained with an increase in the pressure and time. The RBO yield increased significantly with structured SS rings used as packing material. The RBO extracted with SC-CO2 had negligible phosphatides, wax and prooxidant metals (Fe and Cu) and was far superior in color quality when compared with RBO extracted with hexane. At the optimum condition of extraction at 500 bar, 60 degrees C for 1.5h, with structured SS rings used as packing material, the yield of RBO was comparable with that of hexane extraction (22.5%). The phytochemical contents of the RBO under the optimum conditions were in the range of tocols, 1500-1800 ppm; sterols, 15,350-19,120 ppm and oryzanol 5800-11,110 ppm.