[Short-term impact of modified blood-lipid reports on physicians' lipid lowering drug prescribing behavior and knowledge improvement on dyslipidemia].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the physicians' lipid lowering drug prescribing behavior and knowledge on dyslipidemia before and at 8 months after new-issued blood-lipid reports in our hospital. METHOD: Blood-lipid reports in our hospital is newly modified in that the classification of dyslipidemia and lipid-lowering guideline and target lipid level are listed on the back of lipid report besides the normal lipid value listed immediately after the measured lipid levels. Physicians' lipid lowering drug prescribing behavior and knowledge on dyslipidemia before and at 8 months after new-issued blood-lipid reports were examined in 143 doctors from various departments before and at 8 months after new-issued lipid reports. RESULTS: At 8 months after the new issued lipid reports, doctors' cognition rate about the guideline was significantly increased [83.9% (120/143) vs. 67.1% (96/143), P < 0.001] and the guideline was considered more helpful on daily practice [75.3% (58/77) vs. 55.8% (43/77), P = 0.005] compared to baseline. However, the prescription rate of dyslipidemia therapy did not change significantly (69.2% vs. 63.2%, P = 0.117) at 8 months after the new issued lipid reports. CONCLUSIONS: The modification of the blood-lipid reports improved doctors' knowledge on dyslipidemia and on the "Chinese guidelines on prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults". However, the lipid lowering drug prescribing behavior remained unchanged at 8 months after the modification of the lipid reports. Further investigation is warranted to see if the lipid lowering drug prescribing behavior could be changed in the long-term.

Average-12.9 chromosome imbalances coupling with 15 differential expression genes possibly involved in the carcinogenesis, progression and metastasis of supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell cancer.

OBJECTIVE: With the objective of discovering novel putative chromosomal regions and special genes involved in the carcinogenesis, progression and metastasis of laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC). METHODS: DNA copy profile of LSCC were obtained and analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and a computerized digital image analysis system. cDNA microarray of LSCC was performed and the profile was analyzed by Hierarchical clustering. RESULTS: CGH analysis showed average-12.9 gains and losses of chromosomes in LSCC. Relatively high frequencies of gains were found at 3q15-21 (14/18), 5p12-13 (11/18), 8q22-24 (6/18), 11q12-13 (8/18), 15q21-23 (7/18) and 18p11 (8/18), while those of losses at 1p13-21 (8/18), 3p21-23 (14/18), 5q21-22 (14/18), 9p12-pter (11/18) and 13q21-31 (8/18). Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were segregated into three groups. Three genes differentially expressed in process I (normal tissue to cancer) and process II (cancer to lymph node metastasis), and the Cy5/Cy3 ratios of twelve genes were either higher than 5.0 or lower than 0.2 in process I or process II. The fifteen special genes were first reported possibly to be the relationships with LSCC. In particular, 4 genes of them, which were cytochrome C oxidase Va, PPBP, EPHX2 and PON1, were first reported to correlate with tumorigenesis. SH3GL2, which was one of the 15 special genes, was located at one of the special chromosome regions, 9p12-pter. CONCLUSION: The important genes and special chromosomal aberrances might provide us a clue for further investigation of carcinogenesis, progression and metastasis in LSCC.

[Expression of STK15 gene and chromosomal instability in laryngeal carcinoma].

To assess the relationship between expression of STK15 gene and chromosomal instability in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, RNA was extracted from 50 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and paired normal tissue and Hep-2 cell line. cDNA was synthesized through reverse transcription, which was amplified by PCR using beta-actin as contrast. The results of electrophoresis were analysed by software to examine the expression level of STK15 gene in laryngeal carcinoma; karyotype analysis of Hep-2 cell line as an example was performed by routine and high-resolution G-banding techniques. In the 50 cases of laryngeal carcinoma, there were 34 cases whose expression of STK15 gene in tumor was higher than paired normal tissue, occupying 68%. The difference between tumor group and contrast group was prominent by statistic analysis. The expression of STK15 gene in Hep-2 cell line was higher than that of beta-actin; Chromosomal instability in Hep-2 cell line was evident: The chromosomal number range from 43 to 84 and the chromosomal model ranged from 69 to 74. The structural abnormality was represented by 13 marker chromosomes. We discovered the overexpression of STK15 gene in laryngeal carcinoma the first time. It may caused chromosomal instability through abnormal centrosome, therefore having some effect during the occurrence and development of laryngeal carcinoma.

[Studies of the deletion and expression of cytokeratin 13 gene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma].

In order to investigate the role of Cytokeratin 13(CK13) gene in laryngeal carcinogenesis, we detected the deletion of CK13 gene through LOH analysis indirectly at DNA level using 5 STR primers within and near CK13 gene in 72 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, then detected the differential expression between 16 cases of paired normal and cancerous tissue by Northern blot, and performed immunohistochemistry using well characterized monoclonal antibody against CK13 in squamous cell carcinoma of different stages. We found that all of the microsatellite loci exist LOH, and the LOH frequencies were 18.03%, 28.13%, 27.42%, 39.68% and 34.85% at D17S1964E, D17S2092, D17S791, D17S1665 and D17S808 respectively. The LOH+ cases accounted for 77.78% (56/72), and the frequencies of LOH were not related to the type of laryngeal carcinoma and the lymphoid metastasis; but significantly related to the differentiation, P < 0.05. CK13 gene is expressed significantly higher in 16 cases of normal tissues than in paired cancerous tissues, and the immunostain revealed that CK13 was expressed in normal laryngeal squamous cell or high differentiation stage, and its expression decreased or disappeared in poor ones, P < 0.01. CK13 gene might play an important role in the laryngeal carcinogenesis, acting as a novel tumor suppressor gene, and may be relevant to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis and prognosis. Further research will contribute to conform it.

[Study on STK15 gene abnormality and centrosomal amplification in laryngeal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate STK15 gene abnormality and centrosomal amplification in laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS: STK15 gene mRNA expressional level was tested in 62 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line Hep-2 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR); the mutation of STK15 gene exon 6 and exon 7 in the same tissues and cells was detected by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism. Immunofluorescent antibodies were used to test centrosomal amplification in Hep-2 cell line as an example. RESULTS: STK15 gene overexpressed in 39 cases of laryngeal carcinoma (63%) and Hep-2 cell line. No mutation was found in exon 6 and exon 7 of STK15 gene in the above tissues and cells. Centrosomal amplification was apparent in Hep-2 cell line. The number of centrosome in a single cell changed from 1 to 7, and Hep-2 cells with amplified centrosomes (more than 2 in one cell) were 11%-23%. CONCLUSION: STK15 gene overexpression and centrosomal amplification were first found in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, which indicated that STK15 gene overexpression leading to centrosomal amplification might occur in the early stage of human laryngeal carcinogenesis and be one of the key mechanisms for the occurrence of laryngeal carcinoma.