Study on soft sensor modeling method for sign of contaminated fermentation broth in Chlortetracycline fermentation process.

During Chlortetracycline fermentation, contamination of fermentation broth by non-target bacteria is an unavoidable problem. There is no online analytical instrument to determine whether the fermentation broth has been contaminated. Only the results of manual sampling analysis can be used to determine whether the fermentation broth is contaminated. This analysis process usually takes several hours. In order to predict online whether the fermentation broth is contaminated by non-target bacteria, a soft sensor modeling method for the signs of contamination in Chlortetracycline fermentation broth was proposed in this paper. Based on recursive wavelet neural network (RWNN) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) method, the soft sensor model of online measurable parameters and total sugar content of fermentation broth was established. By deeply analyzing the correlation between the total sugar content (it is a parameter that is difficult to measure online) of fermentation broth and the signs of bacterial contamination during fermentation, a soft sensor model was established combining with the correlation between the total sugar content of fermentation broth and the symptoms of bacterial infection, and the symptoms of non-target bacterial infection of fermentation broth were predicted. Based on the field data of the fermentation process, the different signs of Chlortetracycline fermentation were predicted for the fermentation broth uninfected with non-target bacteria, infected with bacilli and infected with phages. The experimental results showed that the proposed soft sensor model could be used to predict the occurrence of contamination during Chlortetracycline fermentation. Based on the field data, the validity of the modeling method is verified. The proposed soft sensor model of signs of bacterial contamination can be used to predict the occurrence of bacterial contamination in Chlortetracycline, Penicillin and related biological fermentation processes. So that the site operators can take effective measures in time to reduce production losses to a minimum.

[Comparative study of determining the sites of airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome between real-time CT scans and laryngofiberscope technology].

OBJECTIVE: To compare 256-layer spiral computed tomography (CT) scan in sleep and laryngofiberscope technology for locating obstructive sites of upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, analyze their advantages and disadvantages and discuss the clinical application values. METHODS: A total of 59 patients with OSAHS diagnosed by polysomnography underwent spiral CT scan in awake and drug-induced sleep states and laryngofiberscope examination in awake state to assess the sites of airway obstruction. RESULTS: Real-time CT scans were completed successfully in all patients. There were airway obstruction at isolated retropalatal region (real-time CT revealing n = 26, laryngofiberscope revealing n = 34), retropalatal and retroglottal regions simultaneously (real-time CT revealing n = 19, laryngofiberscope revealing n = 10), retropalatal and epiglottal regions simultaneously (real-time CT revealing n = 6, laryngofiberscope revealing n = 2), retropalatal and retroglottal and epiglottal regions simultaneously (real-time CT revealing n = 7, laryngofiberscope revealing n = 3) and no airway obstruction (real-time CT revealing n = 1, laryngofiberscope revealing n = 10). There was not solitary airway obstruction at retroglottal or epiglottal region. The results of real-time CT scans and laryngofiberscope examination were statistically significant different in all regions, and real-time CT scanning compared with laryngofiberscope found more obstructive sites of upper airway [retropalatal region: 98.3% (n = 58) vs 81.4% (n = 48), χ(2) = 5.82, P < 0.05; retroglottal regions: 44.1% (n = 26) vs 22.0% (n = 13), χ(2) = 9.60, P < 0.01; epiglottal regions: 22.0% (n = 13) vs 8.5% (n = 5), χ(2) = 4.90, P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: Compared with laryngofiberscope examination,real-time dynamic CT scans in drug-induced sleep state could get more information about anatomy changes of upper airway, providing relatively objective morphological basis for diagnosis and treatment of patients with OSAHS.

Correlation of HMGB1, PON-1, MCP-1, and Periodontal P. gingivalis with Amniotic Fluid Fecal Dye.

BACKGROUND: This paper aims to investigate the correlation between high mobility group protein-1 (HMG-b1), antioxidant enzyme-1 (paraoxon-1, PON-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MCP-1), P. gingivalis, and MSAF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The total sample size comprised of 73 cases in both groups. These patients were further subdivided into 2 groups: the MSAF group and the control group. 38 women were in the MSAF group and 35 women with term amniotic fluid serum were in the control group. The MSAF group was selected as a full-term singleton amniotic fluid fecal infection group. Clinical data were collected, and specimens were collected. Fecal staining of amniotic fluid and full-term amniotic fluid removes the placenta and umbilical cord blood. The expression of HMGB1 in the placenta was observed by immune-histochemical staining of MSAF and control groups. The content of PON-1 in cord blood was determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Correlation between maternal and neonatal clinical data and MSAF was done; MSAF group mean gestational age was 41.38 ± 1.40 weeks; control group mean gestational age was 39.20 ± 1.24 weeks. This study found no correlation between the birth weight, maternal age, sex, first/transmaternal, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and anemia between the MSAF and control group with nonsignificant P value (P > 0.05). However, the fatal age, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, umbilical cord abnormalities, placental abnormalities, and neonatal asphyxia factors were statistically different with a significant P value of <0.05 between both groups. HMGB1 and Periodontal P. gingivalis are mostly expressed in placental trophoblast, vascular endothelial cells, and amniotic epithelial and interstitial cells. After HE staining of 72 placentas by HE in MSAF and control, 6 had acute chorioamnionitis (5.1 control), 32 had chronic (23.9), 35 had abnormal placentas, and three in MSAF had chorionic columnar metaplasia. In immune-histochemistry experiments, the HMGB1 expression intensity of placental tissue was higher in the MSAF group (P < 0.05); however, the level of PON-1 was lower in the MSAF group as compared to the controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Gestational age and placental abnormalities are clinical high-risk factors for MSAF. HMGB1, PON-1, MCP-1, and Periodontal P. gingivalis may be involved in the development of MSAF, suggesting an oxidative/antioxidant imbalance with inflammation, and may be one of the mechanisms for MSAF development.

[Clinical value of TS90% in evaluation of hypoxemia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypoventilation syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the appropriate study how to properly evaluate the hypoxemia degree in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypoventilation syndrome (OSAHS). METHODS: polysomnography was conducted on 108 OSAHS patients and 37 simple snorers to record the minimum oxygen saturation level (MiO(2)) and the total recorded time spent below 90% oxygen saturation (TS90%). The correlation between MiO(2) and the percent of the total recorded time spent below 90% oxygen saturation (TS90%) with the AHI were calculated. RESULTS: The value of TS90% was significantly increased, and the value of MiO(2) was significantly decreased as the severity of OSAHS increased (all P < 0.001). The correlation coefficients of TS90% with AHI and with Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were both much higher than those of MiO(2). CONCLUSION: TS90% can express the severity of hypoxemia of the OSAHS patients more correctly than MiO(2). TS90% combined with MiO(2) can comprehensively and objectively reflect the severity of hypoxia of the OSAHS patients.

[Regulations of function and maturation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells from primary immune thrombocytopenia patients by triptolide].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of immunomodulatory activity of triptolide on primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)patients-derived plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). METHODS: pDCs in peripheral blood of ITP patients before therapy (group 1), ITP patients in complete response (ITP-CR, group 2) and healthy donors (group 3) were sorted by flow cytometry, then incubated with triptolide at 0, 5, 10 or 30 µg/L. After 24 hours, we collected the supernatants and then detected the concentrations of IFN-α, IL-6 and TNF-α using ELISA. After 5 days, the cultured cells were collected and CD11c, CD80 and CD86 expressions of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) were analyzed by flow cytometry, the morphology of mDC was observed by light microscope and electron microscope. RESULTS: After incubation with triptolide at 10 µg/L, the levels of IFN-α, IL-6 and TNF-α in group 1 \[(451.32 ± 85.77) ng/L, (105.68 ± 23.85) ng/L and (135.78 ± 30.62) ng/L\] and group 2 \[(391.71 ± 72.49) ng/L, (84.73 ± 17.77) ng/L and (108.16 ± 23.21) ng/L\] were significantly higher than those in group 3 \[(335.51 ± 67.54) ng/L, (73.62 ± 21.82) ng/L and (95.58 ± 32.85) ng/L\] (all P < 0.05); the levels of IFN-α, IL-6 and TNF-α in group 1 were significantly higher than those in group 2 (all P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). CD11c, CD80 and CD86 expressions of mDC in group1 and group 2 were significantly higher than those in group 3 (all P < 0.05); CD11c, CD80 and CD86 expressions of mDC in group 1 were significantly higher than those in group 2 (all P < 0.05) also in a dose-dependent manner (all P < 0.05). Triptolide could inhibit pDCs from differentiation into mDCs, the latter displayed more immature morphology than untreated-pDCs. CONCLUSION: Triptolide could decrease the immune function of pDCs from ITP, inhibit pDCs from differentiation and maturation.

[Reliability and validity of the simplified Chinese version of Epworth sleepiness scale].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability and validity of the simplified Chinese version of Epworth sleepiness scale(ESS). METHODS: Five hundred and eighty-five patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and 103 OSAHS patients who underwent operations were included in this study. The ESS was filled before polysomnography (PSG) monitoring under the direction of professional technicians. The patients who underwent operations did both PSG and ESS tests more than 6 months after operation. Fifty-one patients who underwent PSG at our hospital from July to August, 2010 were chosen to assess the ESS test-retest reliability on two separate occasions at least more than one week. RESULTS: The total Cronbach's Alpha of ESS was 0.814. The test-retest reliability of ESS total scores was 0.679 and for each item was from 0.473 to 0.698(P < 0.01). Split-half reliability was 0.817 (P < 0.01). In the analysis of discriminant validity with apnea hypopnea index (AHI), the ESS total scores and each item's scores had significant differences in severity in OSAHS patients and simple snoring patients (P < 0.05), and this was also true in different degrees of lowest saturation of arterial oxygen (LSaO(2)) patients and normal LSaO(2) patients (P < 0.05). The factor analysis of construct validity showed that 4 factors were extracted. The cumulative proportion was 74.270%. The loading was higher than 0.4 among every item. The correlation coefficiency of overall ESS scores and each item's scores was relatively high except the last item. The ESS had low consistency with clinical diagnosis(κ = 0.099, P < 0.01) and the predictive validity was not good (r = 0.138, P < 0.01).As for 103 patients who had operations, the initial assessment of total ESS scores were 15.0[10;20] (M[P(25); P(75)]), and improved to 4[1;6] after operation. The patients who got effective results had significant difference in the total ESS scores before and after operation (Z = -7.528, P < 0.01), so was the patients who got ineffective results (Z = -4.382, P < 0.01) . CONCLUSIONS: The simplified Chinese version of ESS had a good reliability and validity. It can be used to evaluate the chance of dozing in the daytime.

[Study on the clinical characteristics of 32 patients with mixed phenotype acute leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and biological characteristics and prognosis of mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL). METHODS: Thirty two patients were diagnosed as MPAL by bone marrow examination, immunophenotyping, cytogenetic and molecular assay and were treated with combined chemotherapy regimens for both acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemia. Two cases were received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). RESULTS: (1) The incidence of MPAL in acute leukemias was 2.6%. There were 16 cases (50.0%) of mixed myeloid and B-lymphoid (M/B), 14(43.8%) myeloid and T-lymphoid (M/T), one each (3.1%) of trilineage (M/B/T) and B- and T-lymphoid (B/T) phenotype. (2) The positive rates of CD34 and HLA-DR were 87.5% and 62.5%, respectively. (3) Abnormal karyotypes were detected in 70.0% of 30 MPAL patients, which were structural and numerical abnormalities including t(9;22), 11q23 and complex karyotypes. (4) The total complete remission (CR) rate was 75.0% and the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) at 2 years were 14.8% and 14.2% respectively. The CR rates for M/B and M/T cases were 75.0% and 71.4% respectively. No statistical difference was observed in OS and DFS between M/B and M/T cases. CONCLUSIONS: MPAL is a rare type of acute leukemia with a high heterogeneity. The unfavorable indicators of MPAL may be factors such as abnormal karyotypes, high expression of CD34 and extramedullary infiltration. Combined regimens and more intensive therapy including allo-HSCT might contribute to improving survival.

[Clinical features of pure erythroid leukemia--case report and review of literature].

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of pure erythroid leukemia. METHODS: The clinical features, treatment and prognosis of a rare case of pure erythroid leukemia were reported, and the related literature was reviewed. RESULTS: The pure erythroid leukemia patient was diagnosed by 90.4% pronormoblasts in bone marrow, 99.5% for erythroid antigen CD71, 67.4% for glycophorin A were detected, while no differentiation antigen of myeloid, lymphoid and megakaryocyte lineages were observed. HAG (homoharringtonine + Cytarabine and G-CSF) regimen were administered with no effect. The patient developed multiple organ failure and died soon. CONCLUSION: Pure erythroid leukemia has a fulminant clinical course with poor response to chemotherapy and worse prognosis.

[Value of Epworth sleepiness scale in assessment the degree of sleep disordered breathing].

OBJECTIVE: To study the value of Epworth sleepiness scale in assessment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) severity. METHODS: The polysomnography (PSG) data of 620 suspected OSAHS patients from Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 556 males and 64 females, and their age ranged from 21 to 79 years (median 45.0 years). Of the all 620 patients, the median of the weight was 82.0 kg ( range 50 to 130 kg), median of height was 172.0 cm (range 147 to 178 cm), median of body mass index was 28.0 (range 18.5 to 42.9), median of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 37.2 (range 0 to 126.1), median of lowest arterial oxygen saturation (LSAT) was 0.75 (range 0.21 to 0.93), median of ESS was 13.0 (range 0 to 24). OSAHS was diagnosed in 513 patients and simple snorer was diagnosed in 107 patients by PSG. All the patients filled in ESS questionnaire in sleep disorder centre before PSG. RESULTS: The correlation coefficients of the ESS and AHI, LSAT was -0.314 and -0.312 respectively (P <0. 05). The median of ESS in severe OSAHS group was higher than that in simple snorer, mild and moderate OSAHS groups (P < 0.001), but no difference was found among the simple snorer, mild and moderate OSAHS groups (P < 0.05). The median of ESS in severe hypoxemia group was higher than that in no, mild and moderate hypoxemia groups (P < 0.001), but no difference was found among no, mild and moderate hypoxemia groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The Epworth sleepiness scale has little value in assessment of OSAHS severity. A new sleepiness scale method which is suitable for Chinese should be made.

Resistance imparted by traditional Chinese medicines to the acute change of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase activities in rat blood caused by noise.

The activities of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatine kinase (CK) in rats injected or not with the Chinese medicines, Astragali, Rhodiolae and Ligusticum, were determined after noise exposure. Noise at 95 and 105 dB significantly increased the activities of GPT, ALP and CK, and showed a dependence on the exposure time. The injection of each medicine significantly suppressed the increased enzyme activities by 95 and 105 dB noise.

Reduction of noise-stress-induced physiological damage by radices of Astragali and Rhodiolae: glycogen, lactic acid and cholesterol contents in liver of the rat.

Noise is one of the factors that induces critical stress in animals. The contents of glycogen, lactic acid and cholesterol in the liver of noise-stressed rats were analyzed in order to investigate the alleviation of noise-stress-induced physiological damages by traditional medicine using Astragali and Rhodiolae radices. More than 95 dB noise ranging from 2 to 4 kHz reduced the contents of these compounds in the liver of rats not injected with the extract of Astragali or Rhodiolae, but did not change the contents in the liver of rats injected with the Astragali or Rhodiolae extract. These results show that noise induced stress in the rats via a decrease in contents of these compounds in the liver and that Astragali or Rhodiolae maintained the contents of these compounds in the liver of the noise-stressed rats. The results indicate that Astragali or Rhodiolae improved the ability for rats to resist noise stress.