RESUMO
This review evaluates the literature and describes an extensive series of experiments which examined the effects of zimeldine , its metabolite norzimeldine and other serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors on voluntary ethanol consumption in rats. The results of these experiments indicate that drugs which specifically inhibit serotonin reuptake are capable of decreasing voluntary ethanol consumption. The behavioral mechanism through which these drugs exert their effects seems to be extinction of the primary reinforcing properties of alcohol. These effects seem to be partially attenuated both by drugs which modulate the norepinephrine system as well as by the serotonin postsynaptic receptor blocker methergoline. The data presented in this review are discussed in terms of the involvement of the serotonin and norepinephrine systems in the mechanism of action of these drugs. In addition, several alternative hypotheses concerning the nature of the phenomenon are offered. Finally, the implications of these data for the possible development of a treatment procedure for problem drinkers is discussed.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Zimeldina/farmacologia , Delirium por Abstinência Alcoólica/metabolismo , Alcoolismo/metabolismo , Animais , Comportamento Apetitivo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extinção Psicológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Dependência de Morfina/metabolismo , Motivação/efeitos dos fármacos , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Ratos , Receptores Adrenérgicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Serotonina/efeitos dos fármacos , Serotonina/metabolismo , Antagonistas da Serotonina/farmacologia , Zimeldina/análogos & derivadosAssuntos
Alcoolismo/terapia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Dissuasores de Álcool/uso terapêutico , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Alcoolismo/fisiopatologia , Animais , Terapia Comportamental , Haplorrinos , Humanos , Aprendizagem , Norepinefrina/fisiologia , Punição , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/fisiopatologia , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Dopamina/fisiologia , Norepinefrina/fisiologia , Recompensa , Alcoolismo/terapia , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Animais , Desipramina/farmacologia , Etanol/farmacologia , Humanos , Hidroxidopaminas/farmacologia , Isoquinolinas/farmacologia , Pargilina/farmacologia , RatosRESUMO
In a double-blind study, subjects were treated with either disulfiram or calcium carbimide, inhibitors of acetaldehyde elimination, prior to consumption of low doses of alcohol. Self-rating scales, individual interviews, and observations by independent judges revealed that experimental subjects manifested enhanced changes in mood and euphoria compared to placebo control subjects.
Assuntos
Cianamida/farmacologia , Cianetos/farmacologia , Dissulfiram/farmacologia , Etanol/farmacologia , Euforia/efeitos dos fármacos , Acetaldeído/sangue , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Etanol/sangue , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Following stabilization of consumption of a 15% (v/v) ethanol solution in a free-choice with water, rats were presented with a forced-choice of ethanol for 10 consecutive alternate days. Prior to each forced-choice presentation experimental animals were injected with the non-toxic dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor FLA-57 (30 mg/kg i.p.) while control animals received only vehicle injections. At the termination of the injection phase when ethanol was again made available in a free-choice with water, ethanol consumption for the FLA-57 treated animals was markedly suppressed. These data are interpreted in terms of extinction resulting from the procedure whereby performance of the ethanol drinking response was perpetuated by force with the pharmacological reinforcing properties being blocked by FLA-57-induced depletions of norepinephrine. Applications of these procedures in the treatment of human alcoholics are discussed.