Novel gramine-based bioconjugates obtained by click chemistry as cytoprotective compounds and potent antibacterial and antifungal agents.

A series of indole-1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole conjugates were synthesised by click chemistry. The haemolytic properties and cytoprotective activity of all the newly synthesised indole-triazole conjugates were tested in vitro. In addition, molecular docking was performed in silico for the selected conjugates to determine their antibacterial and antifungal properties. The results indicate that indole-triazole derivatives effectively protect human erythrocytes against free radical-induced haemolysis in a structure-dependent manner and that bis-indole-bis-triazole derivatives with alkyl linkers are excellent cytoprotective agents against oxidative haemolysis. The tested series of indole-1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole conjugates may have an affinity for the active sites of specific protein domains (PDB IDs: 2Q85 and 5V5Z) according to molecular docking studies.