Trigeminal neuralgia with enlarged suprameatal tubercle: A case report.

According to the International Classification of Orofacial Pain (ICOP), secondary trigeminal neuralgia can result from various conditions such as tumors in the cerebellopontine angle, arteriovenous malformation, and multiple sclerosis. This case report describes a 41-year-old woman with trigeminal neuralgia caused by narrowing of the cerebellopontine cistern due to an enlarged suprameatal tubercle. Carbamazepine treatment was initially effective, but became inadequate within a few months. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed compression of the trigeminal nerve by the superior cerebellar artery and an enlarged suprameatal tubercle. Microvascular decompression surgery was done to alleviate the neurovascular compression. Dentists should be aware of such anatomical factors contributing to trigeminal neuralgia, particularly in younger patients. Key words:Trigeminal neuralgia, enlarged suprameatal tubercle, microvascular decompression.

Sixth cranial nerve palsy and trigeminal neuropathic pain due to a space-occupying lesion.

Various neuropathies of the cranil nerves can accompany trigeminal neuropathic pain attributed to space-occupying lesions. In this case report, the patient presented with persistent intraoral pain and numbness on the right side of the face. Cranial nerve examination revealed dysfunctional eye movements, diplopia, and mechanical hyposensitivity in the mandibular region. The patient was diagnosed with neuropathy due to intracranial lesions and referred to the Department of Neurosurgery and Otorhinolaryngology. The patient was suspected of having malignant lymphoma and is currently undergoing neurosurgical intervention. This article discusses the importance of the examination of the cranial nerve for patients with persistent pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution.

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia due to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a case report.

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia due to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia is a rare form of neuropathic pain, and presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Clinical presentation: A 67-year-old man presented with severe burning pain in the left oral cavity, with no explanatory findings during dental and ear, nose, and throat evaluations. Temporomandibular joint examination revealed tenderness, and panoramic radiographs showed a noncontributory periapical radiolucency. Magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance angiography revealed abnormally tortuous vertebral arteries compressing the glossopharyngeal nerves and the brainstem. Topical lidocaine reduced pain, confirming glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Carbamazepine was initially ineffective, but at 200 mg pain reduced from 90 to 20 on the visual analog scale. The patient requested and underwent microvascular decompression surgery, which eliminated his pain. Conclusion: When the vertebral artery compresses the glossopharyngeal nerve, the pain is more intense, attributed to its thicker vascular structure. Local anesthetic testing aids in identifying glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Dental practitioners must be skilled in diagnostics and possess anatomical knowledge for accurate evaluation and referral of throat and ear pain.

Association between central sensitivity syndrome and psychophysical factors in patients with masticatory myofascial pain.

PURPOSE: This study explored the relationship between central sensitization symptoms, assessed using the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), and psychophysical factors in patients with chronic masticatory myofascial pain (MMP) transitioning from the acute to chronic stages. METHODS: In this study, 23 patients with MMP and 22 healthy volunteers were assessed using psychophysical tests, including measurements of pressure pain threshold (PPT) and temporal summation of pain (TSP). Additionally, CSI scores were recorded to evaluate central sensitization symptoms. RESULTS: Patients with chronic MMP showed significantly lower PPT in all masticatory muscles and extratrigeminal areas compared with controls. However, there was no significant correlation between CSI scores and psychophysical test results in patients with MMP. CONCLUSION: The significant enhancement of TSP in patients with subchronic MMP suggests a potential role in the onset of myofascial pain. The main finding suggests that sub-chronic symptom patients show higher CSI scores despite no sensory testing changes, indicating that central sensitization possibly precedes observable symptoms.

Chronic osteomyelitis mimicking a temporomandibular disorder: a case report of two cases.

Chronic osteomyelitis of the jaw is rare in the healthy populations of developed countries and presents with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Clinical presentation: Patient 1 presented with a dull, occasionally throbbing pain in the left mandible of 1.5 years duration. There was associated trismus which alternated between improving and worsening. The patient had features mimicking a variant of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). She was misdiagnosed and treated for myogenous TMD without symptom relief. Patient 2 presented with intermittent dull pain with mastication and facial swelling over the right mandible for 1 year. She was treated by the referring dental practitioner for myogenous TMD without symptom relief. Clinical and radiologic findings confirmed a diagnosis of chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis in both cases, and conservative treatment, including antibiotics, relieved the pain with no signs of recurrence. Conclusion: The importance of including chronic osteomyelitis in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic orofacial pain disorders is emphasized. If the management of myogenous TMD is unsuccessful, there is a possibility of a misdiagnosis, and a differential diagnosis, including chronic osteomyelitis, needs to be reconsidered.

Trigeminal Neuralgia With Concomitant Continuous Pain Due to Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia: A Case Report.

This passage discusses a case of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) with continuous pain and hemifacial spasm caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia, a rare condition. The patient experienced ongoing orofacial pain, which initially led to dental treatments. After unsuccessful medication (carbamazepine), the patient underwent microvascular decompression to alleviate nerve compression by the elongated vertebral artery. This report highlights the challenge of treating such cases due to the unique nature of neurovascular compression. Additionally, it introduces the concept of TN with concomitant continuous pain and emphasizes the need for comprehensive diagnosis, as vertebrobasilar artery elongation is associated with various symptoms, including TN and hemifacial spasms.

Post-Traumatic Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain after Dental Implant Surgery and the Injustice Experience Questionnaire.

Painful post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTTN) is a known complication of dental implant therapy. Patients with PTTN develop sensory abnormalities in the orofacial region, which may be a psychosocial aspect, and dentists should assess somatosensory testing and psychosocial factors. The patients were assessed using quantitative sensory testing (QST). A 64-year-old female presented with allodynia of the left lower lip that occurred after a surgical implant procedure. Persistent pain started 4 months after the placement of two dental implants in the mandible. Sensory testing of these areas revealed warm hyposensitivity and mechanical hypersensitivity of the mandibular region. We also assessed PTTN-related perceived injustice using the Injustice Experience Questionnaire. The patient refused medication therapy such as pregabalin; therefore, autogenic training was adopted as an alternative management strategy. We conclude that for expensive dental procedures, such as implant placement, sufficient consensus should be obtained preoperatively before proceeding with surgery.

Infective Endocarditis With Secondary Headache: A Case Report.

Secondary headache is a symptom of an underlying disease. Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious infection of the heart tissue. Herein, we present a rare case of IE, with a secondary headache. The patient presented with persistent headache, fever of 39°C, myalgia, and painful erythema of the plantar surface of the foot. The headache progressively worsened over a few weeks. She was diagnosed with secondary headache, and sepsis was suspected. Blood culture revealed the presence of Streptococcus viridans, leading to a diagnosis of IE. Postoperatively, the patient recuperated without any complications. Headaches can be secondary to other conditions. Therefore, comprehensive assessment and accurate diagnosis are essential. Dentists must be aware that headache is a concomitant symptom of IE.

Headache Attributed to Temporomandibular Disorder and Primary Cough Headache.

Orofacial pain is a frequent chief complaint of many systemic disorders. A primary cough headache may mimic the clinical symptoms of a temporomandibular disorder (TMD) or may be associated with TMDs. Case report: A 52-year-old man presented with a 1-year history of TMD symptoms with clicking. He presented with the chief complaint of a sudden and severe headache when coughing, sneezing, or crouching. Comprehensive intra- and extra-oral examinations were performed, which revealed myofascial pain involving the right masseter and temporalis muscles, disc displacement with reduction in the right temporomandibular joint, and headache attributed to TMD, but no severe headaches appeared in the cough-induced test at the first visit. Initially, we advised the patient to minimize activities that require jaw function (e.g., chewing), avoid jaw parafunction (e.g., bruxism), and to perform at-home jaw exercises to stretch the jaw muscles. The patient's symptoms reduced by more than half after the TMD home care and physiotherapy. He was then treated with 75 mg of indomethacin per day, which eliminated his headache. The patient was then referred to a headache specialist, who diagnosed primary cough headache.

Trigeminal Herpes Zoster Transited to Ipsilateral Occipital Neuralgia.

The pain of occipital neuralgia (ON) is thought to be secondary to trauma or injury to the occipital nerve at any point along the course of the nerve. ON may also be caused by an infectious process (herpes zoster) or compression of the nerve. The patient, in this case, presented to our clinic with complaints of occipital pain and rash and swelling of the right lower jaw. One week before presenting to our clinic, the patient developed severe pain in the first division of the trigeminal region with erythema and vesicles. A blood test showed a remarkably high antibody titer for varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The patient was prescribed oral valacyclovir (Valtrex®) (3000 mg/day), which resulted in the complete remission of the rash and blisters in the occipital region. This highlights the importance of considering neuroanatomy of the trigeminal region and cervical nerve.

Association Between Anxiety and Descending Pain Modulation of Thermal Stimuli in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study.

AIMS: To investigate the predictive power of depression and anxiety for conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and to examine the relationships of CPM at 40°C and CPM at 47°C with age, disease-related pain, pain duration, and psychosocial factors in burning mouth syndrome (BMS). METHODS: A total of 22 patients with BMS and 22 healthy female controls participated in this study. Temporal summation was used as the test stimulus for CPM, and subsequent exposure either to a nonpainful (40°C) or a painful (47°C) Peltier thermode was used as the conditioning stimulus. CPM was calculated as the difference in pain perception following the conditioning stimulus. Psychosocial factors were examined using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). RESULTS: State anxiety and tension-anxiety scores were significantly higher for patients with BMS than for control participants. Multiple regression analyses showed that CPM47°C was affected by vigor, fatigue, confusion, and trait anxiety (adjusted R2 = 0.685, F = 5.147, P = .098). The corresponding analysis for CPM40°C showed that the model was not predictive for the following variables: disease-related pain, pain duration, or components of the POMS or STAI. A significant positive correlation was found between CPM47°C and trait anxiety, suggesting that trait anxiety negatively affected the endogenous pain modulation system. CONCLUSION: Increases in trait anxiety reduced the CPM effect. These findings suggest that CPM impairments and increases in trait anxiety are involved in the development of BMS.