RESUMO
Most deaths from cancer are explained by metastasis, and yet large-scale metastasis research has been impractical owing to the complexity of in vivo models. Here we introduce an in vivo barcoding strategy that is capable of determining the metastatic potential of human cancer cell lines in mouse xenografts at scale. We validated the robustness, scalability and reproducibility of the method and applied it to 500 cell lines1,2 spanning 21 types of solid tumour. We created a first-generation metastasis map (MetMap) that reveals organ-specific patterns of metastasis, enabling these patterns to be associated with clinical and genomic features. We demonstrate the utility of MetMap by investigating the molecular basis of breast cancers capable of metastasizing to the brain-a principal cause of death in patients with this type of cancer. Breast cancers capable of metastasizing to the brain showed evidence of altered lipid metabolism. Perturbation of lipid metabolism in these cells curbed brain metastasis development, suggesting a therapeutic strategy to combat the disease and demonstrating the utility of MetMap as a resource to support metastasis research.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Movimento Celular , Metástase Neoplásica/patologia , Especificidade de Órgãos , Animais , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundário , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Processamento Eletrônico de Dados , Feminino , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/genética , Camundongos , Tipagem Molecular , Mutação , Metástase Neoplásica/genética , Transplante de Neoplasias , Projetos PilotoRESUMO
Despite advances in precision medicine, the clinical prospects for patients with ovarian and uterine cancers have not substantially improved. Here, we analyzed genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screens across 851 human cancer cell lines and found that frequent overexpression of SLC34A2-encoding a phosphate importer-is correlated with sensitivity to loss of the phosphate exporter XPR1, both in vitro and in vivo. In patient-derived tumor samples, we observed frequent PAX8-dependent overexpression of SLC34A2, XPR1 copy number amplifications and XPR1 messenger RNA overexpression. Mechanistically, in SLC34A2-high cancer cell lines, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of XPR1-dependent phosphate efflux leads to the toxic accumulation of intracellular phosphate. Finally, we show that XPR1 requires the novel partner protein KIDINS220 for proper cellular localization and activity, and that disruption of this protein complex results in acidic "vacuolar" structures preceding cell death. These data point to the XPR1-KIDINS220 complex and phosphate dysregulation as a therapeutic vulnerability in ovarian cancer.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Membrana , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Feminino , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Fosfatos/farmacologia , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Receptores Virais/genética , Receptor do Retrovírus Politrópico e Xenotrópico/genética , Receptor do Retrovírus Politrópico e Xenotrópico/metabolismoRESUMO
Anti-cancer uses of non-oncology drugs have occasionally been found, but such discoveries have been serendipitous. We sought to create a public resource containing the growth inhibitory activity of 4,518 drugs tested across 578 human cancer cell lines. We used PRISM, a molecular barcoding method, to screen drugs against cell lines in pools. An unexpectedly large number of non-oncology drugs selectively inhibited subsets of cancer cell lines in a manner predictable from the cell lines' molecular features. Our findings include compounds that killed by inducing PDE3A-SLFN12 complex formation; vanadium-containing compounds whose killing depended on the sulfate transporter SLC26A2; the alcohol dependence drug disulfiram, which killed cells with low expression of metallothioneins; and the anti-inflammatory drug tepoxalin, which killed via the multi-drug resistance protein ABCB1. The PRISM drug repurposing resource (https://depmap.org/repurposing) is a starting point to develop new oncology therapeutics, and more rarely, for potential direct clinical translation.