A Systematic Review of Technique, Satisfaction, and Complications of Acellular Dermal Matrix in Rhinoplasty.

OBJECTIVE: Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is a new dermal transplant replacement material prepared from allogeneic or xenograft skin through bioengineering technology. This is provided for patients who are unwilling to kill part of their autologous cartilage or autologous dermal tissue and require rhinoplasty and improvement in the appearance of the nasal tip. This systematic review aims to introduce the main techniques of ADM for rhinoplasty and related patient satisfaction and complications to further guide doctors. METHODS: Systematic reviews were conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. The authors searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library using appropriate keywords. Data collected for each study included patient satisfaction and complications in addition to relevant technology. RESULTS: After full-text screening of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies were included, with a total of 324 patients receiving ADM with different transplantation methods. Primary rhinoplasty or secondary rhinoplasty study for dorsal ridge augmentation, smooth contour irregularities, autograft camouflage including tip grafts. The incidence of dorsal implant distortion was 0.72% in patients. The incidence of deviation was 2.17% in patients. The incidence of mild edema was 5.17% in patients. The incidence of partial resorption was 10.87% in patients. The incidence of significant resorption was 13.04% in patients. The incidence of seroma was 0.72% in patients. The incidence of partial prolapse was 0.72% in patients. The incidence of overcorrection and reoperation was 0.72% in patients. The incidence of erythema was 0.72% in patients. The incidence of undercorrection was 0.72% in patients. The incidence of infection was 0.72% in patients. The incidence of high-lying implants was 1.45% in patients. CONCLUSION: The current research results show that ADM is long-term effective in improving nasal dorsum enhancement, nasal contour deformity, and nasal tip appearance, with high patient satisfaction and low overall complication rate. Overcorrection should be considered during surgery to deal with postoperative partial absorption.

High crosstalk suppression in InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diode arrays by carrier extraction structure.

Crosstalk has become an urgent issue for single-photon avalanche diode arrays. In previous work, trenches were introduced between pixels to block the crosstalk optical path in planar InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diode arrays, since the optical crosstalk was considered as the main crosstalk mechanism. However, the crosstalk suppression effect of this solution is not satisfactory. Here, we demonstrate a carrier extraction structure to efficiently reduce crosstalk by electrically guiding photogenerated crosstalk holes in the non-pixel region to the surface, since we find that the optical-electrical crosstalk is the dominant crosstalk mechanism. Experimental measurements show that a narrow carrier extraction structure makes a 91.52% (96.22%) crosstalk reduction between the nearest neighbor pixels in arrays with 100 (50) µm pixel pitch, and it does not cause any etching damage. These results reveal the primary source of crosstalk in InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diode arrays and provide a practical route to fabricate low-crosstalk, high-pixel-density arrays for use in high-resolution three-dimensional imaging and quantum technologies.

RAMP1 Protects Hepatocytes against Ischemia-reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting the ERK/YAP Pathway.

Background and Aims: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a prevalent complication of liver transplantation, partial hepatectomy, and severe infection, necessitating the development of more effective clinical strategies. Receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor adapter family, has been implicated in numerous physiological and pathological processes. The study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of RAMP1 in HIRI. Methods: We established a 70% liver ischemia-reperfusion model in RAMP1 knockout (KO) and wild-type mice. Liver and blood samples were collected after 0, 6, and 24 h of hypoxia/reperfusion. Liver histological and serological analyses were performed to evaluate liver damage. We also conducted in-vitro and in-vivo experiments to explore the molecular mechanism underlying RAMP1 function. Results: Liver injury was exacerbated in RAMP1-KO mice compared with the sham group, as evidenced by increased cell death and elevated serum transaminase and inflammation levels. HIRI was promoted in RAMP1-KO mice via the induction of hepatocyte apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation. The absence of RAMP1 led to increased activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and yes-associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation, ultimately promoting apoptosis. SCH772984, an ERK/MAPK phosphorylation inhibitor, and PY-60, a YAP phosphorylation inhibitor, reduced apoptosis in in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that RAMP1 protects against HIRI by inhibiting ERK and YAP phosphorylation signal transduction, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for HIRI and providing a new avenue for intervention.