First Report of a New Isolate of Metarhizium rileyi from Maize Fields of Quivicán, Cuba.

Metarhizium rileyi (Farlow) Samson is an important entomopathogenic fungus of more than 30 species of Lepidoptera larvae. The aim of this research was to characterize isolate of M. rileyi from Quivicán, Cuba on the basis of morphological and molecular approaches. The fungus was isolated from samples of S. frugiperda larvae collected from maize fields of Quivicán municipality, Mayabeque province, Cuba, and it was cultured on PDA + Ampicillin solid media for morphological characterization. The DNA was isolated using CTAB method and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1, ITS4) were used as the primers for the amplification. The amplified products of 1335 bp were purified and sequenced at CINVESTAV-IPN in both the directions using the above primers. A consensus sequence was obtained by alignment of the forward and reverse sequences for this region and deposited in GenBank (MG637450). The fungus produced slightly cottony colony of pale green color and dispersed conidia and septal mycelium were observed under the optical microscope. A BLAST search of the sequence in GenBank revealed a 99% of identity with several strains of N. rileyi (e.g., AF368501.1, AB268359.1 and EU553337.1) and M. rileyi (e.g., KY436756.1). This is the first report of M. rileyi isolate from maize fields of Quivicán in Cuba and this is important for biodiversity studies and is another possibility for Integrated Pest Management.

Prevalence of viral pathogens WSSV and IHHNV in wild organisms at the Pacific Coast of Mexico.

This study investigated whether white spot syndrome virus and Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus, can survive in wild invertebrates and vertebrates in the environment surrounding shrimp farms along the Pacific coast of Mexico. The evidences imply that both viruses have a potential of persisting in crabs, blue, white and brown shrimps. The most prevalent virus, IHHNV was present in 19.5% (344/1736) followed by WSSV in 3.6% (65/1736). Coinfection of WSSV and IHHNV was also detected in crabs, blue and white shrimps. This is the first prevalence report of WSSV and IHHNV associated with wildlife species in Mexico.

Morphological and molecular characterization of a new autochthonous Trichoderma sp. isolate and its biocontrol efficacy against Alternaria sp.

The development of agriculture requires the use of microorganisms in the management of phytopathogens as a way to compensate for the use of chemical pesticides, in order to produce healthy crops. The objective of this study was to characterize a new isolate of Trichoderma sp. based on morphological and molecular features, and its potential ability to control the pathogen Alternaria sp. The antagonistic isolate was isolated from soil samples of potato fields in Guasave Sinaloa, Mexico, whereas the pathogen was collected from infected apple leaves in the orchard "La Escondida" in Guerrero County, Chihuahua, Mexico. For morphological characterization both fungi were grown on solid PDA medium. DNA of Trichoderma sp. was isolated using the CTAB method and PCR analyses were done using ITS1, ITS4 primers resulting in amplified products of 600 bp. These were sequenced, submitted to Genbank (acc. no. MN950427) and used for further phylogenetic analysis through Bayesian inference approach. Five clades were identified and the polytome topography recovered from clade 4 indicates a high genetic similarity with T. asperellum. A BLAST examination of the resulting sequence in GenBank showed 98.11% similarity with T. asperellum. This result together with the morphological and the phylogenetic analyses indicates that the isolate belongs to Trichoderma asperellum Samuels, Lieckfeldt & Nirenberg. Biocontrol tests of this isolate showed inhibition of Alternaria sp. between 50% and 93%. These results are essential for biodiversity research and give some new possibilities for pest management.

Clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of BIO-C (micronized Silymarin) as a galactagogue.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK: The authors have previously reported the use of Silymarin (a Silybum marianum standardized extract) as a promoter of milk production in cows. Due to the important psychological impact of hypogalactia in women after delivery, we evaluated the role of Silymarin as a safe and effective galactogogue for human species. METHODS: 50 healthy women during lactation were enrolled in order to verify the galactogogue role played by an oral treatment with micronized Silymarin (420 mg/day) in comparison with an undistinguishable placebo product. RESULTS: Women orally treated for 63 days with Silymarin showed a clear galactagogue role for the product with an increase of 85.94% of the daily milk production (placebo: +32.09%). No drop out, nor unwanted effects were reported in both groups. Compliance and tolerability were also very good. CONCLUSIONS: Silymarin may be considered as a safe and effective herbal product that can be orally administered in order to improve the daily milk production in healthy women after delivery, without affecting milk quality.

Vasculitis leucocitoclástica (vasculitis por hipersensibilidad) / Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (hypersensitivity vasculitis)

Resumen La vasculitis leucocitoclástica es un trastorno autoinmunitario que afecta pequeños vasos y provoca inflamación, destrucción y necrosis de los mismos; con frecuencia es subdiagnosticada. La causa es multifactorial, la fisiopatología es compleja y los inmunomoduladores son los medicamentos más importantes en su tratamiento. Este artículo tiene por objetivo revisar el estado actual del conocimiento en vasculitis leucocitocástica con insistencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se revisaron artículos publicados en el periodo comprendido entre 1990 y 2017. Los navegadores fueron Google Crome y Firefox y el motor de búsqueda fue Scholar google. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron: MEDLINE, RIMA Astra-Zeneca y las guías de práctica clínica del sistema de salud mexicano (CENETEC). Se revisaron 108 publicaciones relevantes para el tema, priorizando las pertenecientes a revistas indizadas en MEDLINE y Science Citation Index-JCR. Se requieren estudios para integrar subgrupos clínicos y de tratamiento e investigar los mecanismos de daño tisular en cada subgrupo. La inmunomodulación juega un papel central en el tratamiento.

Abstract Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is an autoimmune disorder that affects small vessels, and causes inflammation, destruction and necrosis of the same. It is often underdiagnosed. The etiology is multifactorial, the pathophysiology is complex and immunomodulators are the most important medications in their treatment. This article aims to review the current state of knowledge in leukocytoclastic vasculitis with emphasis on diagnosis and treatment. Articles published in the period from 1990 to 2017 were reviewed. The browsers were Google Crome and Firefox and the search engine was Scholar google. The database consulted was: MEDLINE, RIMA Astra-Zeneca and the clinical practice guidelines of the Mexican health system (CENETEC); 108 relevant publications to the subject were reviewed, prioritizing those belonging to journals indexed in MEDLINE and Science Citation Index-JCR. Studies are required to integrate clinical and treatment subgroups and investigate the mechanisms of tissue damage in each subgroup. Immunomodulation plays a central role in the treatment.

Final opportunity to rehabilitate an urban river as a water source for Mexico City.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount and quality of water in the Magdalena-Eslava river system and to propose alternatives for sustainable water use. The system is the last urban river in the vicinity of Mexico City that supplies surface water to the urban area. Historical flow data were analyzed (1973-2010), along with the physicochemical and bacteriological attributes, documenting the evolution of these variables over the course of five years (2008-2012) in both dry and rainy seasons. The analyses show that the flow regime has been significantly altered. The physicochemical variables show significant differences between the natural area, where the river originates, and the urban area, where the river receives untreated wastewater. Nutrient and conductivity concentrations in the river were equivalent to domestic wastewater. Fecal pollution indicators and various pathogens were present in elevated densities, demonstrating a threat to the population living near the river. Estimates of the value of the water lost as a result of mixing clean and contaminated water are presented. This urban river should be rehabilitated as a sustainability practice, and if possible, these efforts should be replicated in other areas. Because of the public health issues and in view of the population exposure where the river flows through the city, the river should be improved aesthetically and should be treated to allow its ecosystem services to recover. This river represents an iconic case for Mexico City because it connects the natural and urban areas in a socio-ecological system that can potentially provide clean water for human consumption. Contaminated water could be treated and reused for irrigation in one of the green areas of the city. Wastewater treatment plants and the operation of the existing purification plants are urgent priorities that could lead to better, more sustainable water use practices in Mexico City.

Síndrome de Herlyn Werner Wünderlich. Reporte de caso / Herlyn Werner Wünderlich syndrome. Case report

El síndrome de Herlyn Werner Wünderlich (SHWW) se caracteriza por la triada útero didelfo, hemivagina obstruida y agenesia renal homolateral; fue descrito en 1976. Es una entidad poco conocida en ginecología; se debe a una alteración de la fusión de los conductos de Müller y la estrecha relación del origen embrionario de los aparatos genital y urinario. Su diagnóstico es tardío ya que los síntomas inician generalmente después de la menarquia y su intensidad puede variar. Su tratamiento se sustenta en el correcto diagnóstico y la correspondiente resolución quirúrgica. La resección del tabique uterino mejora, generalmente, las condiciones de la paciente y el pronóstico, pudiendo lograrse la gestación. (AU)

Herlyn-Werner-Wünderlich is a syndrome characterized by the triad of uterus didelphys, obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis. It is an uncommon müllerian ducts congenital anomaly, affecting the urogenital tract because of the close embryonic origin of the urogenital system. Its diagnosis is of late onset because symptoms appear after the menarche and the intensity of the symptoms varies among patients. Treatment is based on a proper and timely diagnosis, as well as a surgical correction of the defects. A resection of the uterine septum generally improves the symptoms and creates a favorable future prognosis, making an intrauterine pregnancy possible. We present a case of a 22-year old female patient with delayed diagnosis of Herlyn-Werner-Wünderlich syndrome, with no hemivaginal septum, whose chief complaints were dysmenorrhea and recurring purulent vaginal discharge despite unsuccessful surgical interventions. A mini laparotomy Strassman metroplasty was performed, resolving her symptomatology. (AU)

Utilizacion de Cefotaxime en el Hospital Obrero / Cefotoxine case at Hospital Obrero

Se realiza un estudio de utilizacion de Cefotaxima en el Hospital Obrero con el fin de establecer los habitos de prescripcion de este importante antibiotico; se identifican en la farmacia, mediante las recetas, 103 pacientes que reciben Cefotaxima en el periodo de estudio (1 mes), se demuestra que el empleo mayor del antibiotico se realiza en el Servicio de Cirugia, siendo la profilaxis quirurgica la indicaion mas frecuente; en los otros usos se evidencia que los riterios diagnosticos son casi siempre clinicos, se realizan cultivos con escasa frecuencia. Se concluye que el empleo de la Cefotaxima es, en general inadecuado.

Estudio del programa de control de enfermedad diarreica en menores de 5 años en los establecimientos ZONADIS - Arequipa 1996

Estudio del programa CED en menores de 5 años en los establecimientos ZONADIS Arequipa 1996. Objetivos: Derterminar la frecuencia, tipo de EDA, tipo de deshidratación y plan de tratamiento, así como su variación según edad, estación y concordancia del tipo de deshidratación con el plan administrado. Lugar de estudio: ZONADIS Arequipa: Hospital Regional Honorio Delgado Arequipa, C.S. Ampliación Paucarpata y Zamácola, P.de S. Pampas del Cusco y Ciudad Municipal. Diseño: descriptivo, retrospectivo. Población de estudio: 2793 atenciones a menores de 5 años con historia de enfermedad Diarreica Aguda en el año 1996. Resultados y Conclusiones: La frecuencia de enfermedad Duarreica Aguda es 18.49 por ciento. Su tipo acuoso alcanzó el 87.58 por ciento. El 66.13 por ciento no estuvo deshidratado, 30.08 por ciento, con deshidratación leve-moderada y 3,79 por ciento deshidratación severa shock. El 70.60 por ciento recibieron plan A, 24,71 plan B y 5,23 por ciento plan C. Los niños de 1 a 4 años recibieron los planes A (71,46 por ciento) y B (25.57 por ciento) y (7.65 por ciento) de menores de 1 año el plan C. En invierno el plan A llegó a (82,19 por ciento) y en otoño los pplanes B y C 30.79 por ciento y 6.48 por ciento respectivamente. El 94 por ciento de planes administardos concordaron con el tipo de deshidratación diagnosticada.