RESUMO
Modification of the surface of Ga2O3 with rare-earth elements enhanced the evolution of CO as a reduction product in the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 using H2O as an electron donor under UV irradiation in aqueous NaHCO3 as a pH buffer, with the rare-earth species functioning as a CO2 capture and storage material. Isotope experiments using 13CO2 as a substrate clearly revealed that CO was generated from the introduced gaseous CO2. In the presence of the NaHCO3 additive, the rare-earth (RE) species on the Ga2O3 surface are transformed into carbonate hydrates (RE2(CO3)3·nH2O) and/or hydroxycarbonates (RE2(OH)2(3-x)(CO3)x) which are decomposed upon photoirradiation. Consequently, Ag-loaded Yb-modified Ga2O3 exhibits much higher activity (209 µmol h-1 of CO) than the pristine Ag-loaded Ga2O3. The further modification of the surface of the Yb-modified Ga2O3 with Zn afforded a selectivity toward CO evolution of 80%. Thus, we successfully achieved an efficient Ag-loaded Yb- and Zn-modified Ga2O3 photocatalyst with high activity and controllable selectivity, suitable for use in artificial photosynthesis.
RESUMO
A core-shell structure of Ag-Cr dual cocatalyst loaded-Ga2O3 was found to significantly enhance the formation rate of CO and selectivity toward CO evolution for the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 where H2O is used as an electron donor.
RESUMO
We present a case of normal pressure hydrocephalus in a 70-year-old man with previously diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus. Histological examination demonstrated the linear deposition of IgG, IgA, IgM, C(3) and C(1q) on the dura in the absence of inflammation or thrombosis that has previously been implicated in the aetiology of elevated pressure hydrocephalus in systemic lupus erythematosus. Our results suggest that the deposition of immunoglobulins and complement may play a pivotal role in an insidious manner in the pathogenesis of normal pressure hydrocephalus in systemic lupus erythematosus.