[The medical statistical characteristics of children received services in ultrasound diagnostic in out-patient conditions].

The purpose of the study was to estimate contingent of children that underwent ultrasonography in outpatient conditions of children hospital and to investigate reserves for improvement of actual ultrasonography service. The method of expert evaluation was applied to analyze medical documentation of 1171 children aged 0-18 years that underwent ultrasonography. The analysis was applied to demographic data, number of previous ultrasonography, specialty of physician involved into investigation, children chronic diseases and type of ultrasonography applied. The wide range of ultrasonic examinations were carried out in out-patient conditions of multidisciplinary children hospital was established. Their spectrum was determined by the age of patients. Children were most often referred to ultrasonography by cardiologist, pediatrician and gastroenterologist. In examined patients dominated diseases of digestive organs, congenital abnormalities, diseases of nervous and urinary systems, circulatory system. In the structure of morbidity, proportion of diseases of endocrine system, circulatory and digestive systems increased with age and the proportion of diseases of nervous, musculoskeletal systems and congenital abnormalities decreased. Among the types of ultrasonic examination, the first places in frequency took studies of circulatory system, abdominal organs, kidneys and retroperitoneal space. The large proportion of patients underwent ultrasound testing again. The comparative analysis demonstrated increasing of proportion of ultrasound studies of endocrine and reproductive organs and decreasing of musculoskeletal system and brain. It is proposed to apply received results in studying particularities of children that underwent ultrasonography in the inpatient and outpatient conditions. The received data can be used in planning of required volume of different diagnostic services at different levels.

[The prevention of disability as a leading priority of caring of mother and child health].

The prevention of disability in children and support of families fostering disabled children and children with limited capacities in health are included into number of main priorities of the state social policy of the Russian Federation. Thereupon, the project "Childhood Decade" is an important stage that includes social care of disabled children and children with limited capacities in health and their integration in modern society according the Decree of the President on implementation of state policy in the field of family and children care. The underestimation of children disability is supposed to be present produced by such causes as social motivation of family, complicacy of legal official registration, harsh requirements of medical social expertise services, inadequate awareness of medical staff about criteria of disability. According the WHO European Regional Bureau, in Russia there are 250 000 children with limitations of life activity mainly caused by somatic pathology, who have no status of disabled person and no state social support. The prevention of children disability is considered as a system of measures of caring mother and child health all along childhood. The priority directions of prevention considering causes of development of disability and its structure according particular disease are marked. The data is presented related to modern technologies of decreasing genetic load on population from position of prevention of hereditary, inborn and orphan diseases. In particular studies non-infectious pathology acquiring greater significance in development of disability in children of various age groups since neonatal period is considered. The new directions of research are proposed to affect the processes of incapacitation of child on more profound pathogenic level and to develop organization of preventive activities in this area.