Historical records under the genetic evidence: "Chiriguano" tribe genesis as a test case.

Historical records suggest that Chiriguano tribe is the result of a genetic admixture event. The process involved the arrival of Guaraní tribesmen descending from Amazonian region of Brazil along with groups of Arawak origin that inhabited the foothill plains of Bolivia. Later they arrived in Argentina at the beginning of the twentieth century. Aiming to test the historical records, we analysed a set of 46 samples collected at San Ramon de la Nueva Orán, Province of Salta, Argentina. A wide set of uni- and biparentally transmitted genetic markers were analysed, including 23 autosomal STRs; 46 AIM-DIPs and 24 AIM-SNPs all located at diverse autosomal chromosome locations; 23 Y-STRs and the entire mtDNA D-Loop sequence. Ancestry informative markers allowed for the detection of a strong Native American component in the genomes (> 94%), while all mtDNA haplotypes showed Native American characteristic motives, and 93% of Y-haplotypes belonged to the Q1a3a Y-haplogroup. The analysis of mitochondrial haplotypes and Y chromosome, although they did not match other populations, revealed a relationship between the Chiriguano and other groups of Guaraní and Arawak origin inhabiting Brazil and Bolivia, confirming, at least in part, the historical records describing the origins of Chiriguano tribal settlements in northwestern Argentina.

Gender susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C virus infection associated with interleukin 10 promoter polymorphism.

Elevated levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) were previously described for chronically hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. We determined by a sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing technique the IL-10 promoter genotypes in 286 Argentinean HCV patients grouped according to disease outcome. The GG genotype (position -1082) is known to be associated with high IL-10 production, GA is considered an intermediate producer, and AA is associated with low IL-10 production. We found an increase in frequency of the GG genotype in female patients who do not eliminate the virus (RNA(+)). In these patients, the GG frequency was 0.19, versus 0.10 in controls (P = 0.03). This association became more significant in those RNA(+) female patients with elevated hepatic transaminases (GG frequency of 0.25; P = 0.0013). Additionally, this genotype frequency was higher in noncirrhotic female patients than in controls (GG frequency for noncirrhotic female patients was 0.31; P = 0.009). In RNA(-) patients, the GA frequency was elevated compared with that in controls (GA frequency of 0.76 in RNA(-) patients versus 0.48 in controls; P = 0.01), that in all HCV patients (GA frequency of 0.43; P = 0.001), and that in RNA(+) patients (GA frequency of 0.40; P = 0.0005). We conclude that a gender effect is observed with women carrying the GG high IL-10 producer genotype. The higher levels of IL-10 present in those individuals are associated with a higher risk of an inefficient clearance of the HCV and the development of a chronic HCV infection together with a lower risk of progression to cirrhosis in female patients.

Banco Público de Sangre de Cordón Umbilical: etapa inicial del Programa No Relaciona en Argentina / Argentina´s Public Cord Blood Bank: Beginning of the Unrelated Program

La sangre de cordón umbilical (SCU) ofrece una fuente rica de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas para trasplante de médula ósea (TMO). En el año 1996 comenzó en este Hospital un Programa Relacionado de Banco de SCU. Este Programa permite que familias con un niño que padece una enfermedad tratable con TMO almacene la SCU de un hermano por nacer para su futuro uso. Recientemente, el Programa No Relacionado ha sido aprobado y recibió apoyo financiero para adquirir nuevo equipamiento. Este Programa tiene como objetivo colectar y preservar unidades de SCU donadas de manera altruista, que quedan disponible para su uso en TMO alogeneicos en pacientes que no poseen otro donante compatible. Desde agosto de 2005 a enero de 2006 se han inscripto 110 donantes y realizado 96 colectas. El procesamiento de 70 unidades mediante un sistema automatizado permitió recuperar un 76,4 ± 7,4% de las células nucleadas totales (CNT) iniciales. Las unidades presentaron 0,8 ± 0,3 x 10 {elevado a la 9 potencia} CNT finales y un recuento de células CD34+ de 2,79 ± 2,57 x 10 {elevado a la 6º potencia}. El análisis molecular de los antígenos de histocompatibilidad mostró la presencia de alelos característicos de esta problación (A68, B3519, DR08) junto con alelos menos frecuentes en la población de Argentina. El funcionamientos de este Banco nos permitirá aumentar la oferta internacional de unidades con perfil HLA latinoamenicano-hispano, fenotipo escaso en los registros existentes en la actualidad.