RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions have been associated with morbidity and mortality in both coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). As a mechanism for identifying determinants of RBC practice, we quantified the relationship between a center's PCI and CABG transfusion rate. METHODS: We identified all patients undergoing CABG (n = 16,568) or PCI (n = 94,634) at each of 33 centers from 2010 through 2012 in the state of Michigan and compared perioperative RBC transfusion rates for CABG and PCI at each center. Crude and adjusted transfusion rates were modeled separately. We adjusted for common preprocedural risk factors (12 for CABG and 23 for PCI) and reported Pearson correlation coefficients based on the crude and risk-adjusted rates. RESULTS: As expected, RBC transfusion was more common after CABG (mean 46.5%) than PCI (mean 3.3%), with wide variation across centers for both (CABG min:max 26.5:71.3, PCI min:max 1.6:6.0). However, RBC transfusion rates were significantly correlated between CABG and PCI in both crude, 0.48 (P = .005), and adjusted, 0.53 (P = .001), analyses. These findings were consistent when restricting to nonemergent cases (radj = 0.44, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Red blood cell transfusion rates were significantly correlated between the CABG and PCI at individual hospitals in Michigan, independent of patient case mix. Future work should explore institutional practice patterns, philosophies, and guidelines for RBC transfusions.
Assuntos
Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Transfusão de Eritrócitos/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidados Intraoperatórios/métodos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco/métodos , Idoso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Humanos , Masculino , Michigan/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Morbidade/tendências , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendênciasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In an effort to enhance recovery after cardiac surgery, intraoperative extubation has been targeted as possibly beneficial. This multi-center cohort study aimed to assess this by evaluating the outcomes of OR extubation versus extubation within six hours of intensive care unit arrival (early ICU extubation). Furthermore, we assessed time to ICU extubation and mortality and morbidity. METHODS: Patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery across 79 hospitals between 2011-2020 were included to 1) compare outcomes among OR extubation and early ICU extubation patients, and 2) assess time to overall ICU extubation and outcomes. RESULTS: The overall study cohort comprised 163,982 patients, including 95,982 patients [ [ OR extubation : n= 2,529 (2.6%)and early ICU extubation : n= 93,453 (97.4%)] who underwent comparison of OR with early ICU extubation. Following overlap weighting, OR extubation patients had longer OR times (5.6 vs. 5.1 hours, p < 0.0001), and higher rates of reintubation (5.2% vs 2.9%, p=0.003), prolonged ventilation (3% vs 2%, p = 0.021), reoperation for bleeding (1.5% vs 0.7%, p < 0,01), pneumonia (1.9% vs. 1.1% , p < 0.006), and greater in-hospital mortality on multivariable regression (OR 1.34, p < 0.001). OR extubation patients at centers with low OR extubation rates (< 10%, N=60) had higher mortality (odds ratio 1.6, p = 0.001). Beyond 22 hours of postoperative ICU ventilation, the risk of morbidity and mortality increased significantly . CONCLUSIONS: Few cardiac surgery patients are extubated in the OR, which is associated with no clinical benefit and with increased morbidity. Cardiac surgery programs should reconsider OR extubation following cardiopulmonary bypass. Additionally, increased intubation time, in particular > 22 hours, is associated with an increase in adverse outcomes.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recent guidelines for the treatment of moderate or severe ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have changed. This study assessed the real-world impact of changing guidelines on the management of IMR during CABG over time. We hypothesized that the utilization of mitral valve repair for IMR would decrease over time, whereas mitral valve replacement for severe IMR would increase. METHODS: Patients undergoing CABG in a statewide collaborative database (2011-2020) were stratified by severity of IMR. Trends in mitral valve repair or replacement were evaluated. To account for differences of the patients, propensity score-matched analyses were used to compare patients with and without mitral intervention. RESULTS: A total of 11,676 patients met inclusion criteria, including 1355 (11.6%) with moderate IMR and 390 (3.3%) with severe IMR. The proportion of patients undergoing mitral intervention for moderate IMR decreased over time (2011, 17.7%; 2020, 7.5%; Ptrend = .001), whereas mitral replacement for severe IMR remained stable (2011, 11.1%; 2020, 13.3%; Ptrend = .14). Major morbidity was higher for patients with moderate IMR who underwent mitral intervention (29.1% vs 19.9%; P = .005). In a propensity analysis of 249 well-matched pairs, there was no difference in major morbidity (29.3% with mitral intervention vs 23.7% without; P = .16) or operative mortality (1.2% vs 2.4%; P = .5). CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with recent guideline updates, patients with moderate IMR were less likely to undergo mitral repair. However, the rate of replacement for severe IMR did not change. Mitral intervention during CABG did not increase operative mortality or morbidity.
Assuntos
Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral , Isquemia Miocárdica , Humanos , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/complicações , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Isquemia Miocárdica/complicações , Isquemia Miocárdica/cirurgiaRESUMO
The Michigan Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons created a voluntary quality collaborative with all the cardiac surgeons in the state and all hospitals doing adult cardiac surgery. Utilizing this collaborative over the last 3 years and creating a unique relationship with a payor, an approach to processes and outcomes has produced improvements in the quality of care for cardiac patients in the state of Michigan.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/normas , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/normas , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/normas , Regionalização da Saúde/normas , Planos Governamentais de Saúde/normas , Adulto , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/legislação & jurisprudência , Comportamento Cooperativo , Regulamentação Governamental , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Gastos em Saúde , Humanos , Seguro Saúde/normas , Michigan , Objetivos Organizacionais , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/organização & administração , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/organização & administração , Regionalização da Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Regionalização da Saúde/organização & administração , Sociedades Médicas , Planos Governamentais de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Planos Governamentais de Saúde/organização & administração , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although tricuspid valve operations remain associated with high mortality (approximately 8% to 10%), no robust prediction models exist to support clinical decision making. We developed a preoperative clinical risk model with an easily calculable clinical risk score (CRS) to predict mortality and major morbidity after isolated tricuspid valve surgery. METHODS: The Society of Thoracic Surgeons database records were evaluated for 2,050 isolated TV repair and replacement operations for any etiology performed at 50 hospitals (2002 to 2014) in a number of states. Parsimonious preoperative risk prediction models were developed using multiple-level mixed effects regression to estimate mortality and composite major morbidity risk. Model results were utilized to establish a novel CRS for patients undergoing tricuspid valve operations. Models were evaluated for discrimination and calibration. RESULTS: Operative mortality and composite major morbidity rates were 9% and 42%, respectively. Final regression models performed well (both p < 0.001; areas under the receiver-operating characteristics curve 0.74 and 0.76) and included preoperative factors: age, sex, stroke, hemodialysis, ejection fraction, lung disease, New York Heart Association class, reoperation, and urgent or emergency status (all p < 0.05). A simple CRS from 0 to 10+ was highly associated (p < 0.001) with incremental increases in predicted mortality and major morbidity. Predicted mortality risk ranged from 2% to 34% across CRS categories, and predicted major morbidity risk ranged from 13% to 71%. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality and major morbidity after isolated tricuspid valve surgery can be predicted using preoperative patient data from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Adult Cardiac Database. A simple clinical risk score predicts mortality and major morbidity after isolated tricuspid valve surgery. This score may facilitate perioperative counseling and identification of suitable patients for tricuspid valve surgery.
Assuntos
Causas de Morte , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Valva Tricúspide/cirurgia , Idoso , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/mortalidade , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Michigan , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Teóricos , Razão de Chances , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Valva Tricúspide/fisiopatologia , VirginiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Perioperative red blood cell transfusions (RBC) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is recommended to reduce perioperative transfusions; however, supporting data are limited and conflicting. We describe the relationship between ANH and RBC transfusions after cardiac surgery using a multi-center registry. METHODS: We analyzed 13,534 patients undergoing cardiac surgery between 2010 and 2014 at any of the 26 hospitals participating in a prospective cardiovascular perfusion database. The volume of ANH (no ANH, <400 mL, 400 to 799 mL, ≥ 800 mL) was recorded and linked to each center's surgical data. We report adjusted relative risks reflecting the association between the use and amount of ANH and the risk of perioperative RBC transfusion. Results were adjusted for preoperative risk factors, procedure, body surface area, preoperative hematocrit, and center. RESULTS: The ANH was used in 17% of the patients. ANH was associated with a reduction in RBC transfusions (RRadj [adjusted risk ratio] 0.74, p < 0.001). Patients having 800 mL or greater of ANH had the most profound reduction in RBC transfusions (RRadj 0.57, p < 0.001). Platelet and plasma transfusions were also significantly lower with ANH. The ANH population had superior postoperative morbidity and mortality compared with the no ANH population. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant association between ANH and reduced perioperative RBC transfusion in cardiac surgery. Transfusion reduction is most profound with larger volumes of ANH. Our findings suggest the volume of ANH, rather than just its use, may be an important feature of a center's blood conservation strategy.