Successful Endovascular Therapy Using the Transtibial Approach in a Patient With a History of Iliofemoral and Femorofemoral Surgical Bypass.

Multiple stenotic lesions may restrict the access sites for endovascular therapy in the lower extremity arteries. Because guide sheaths used for endovascular therapy have recently become easier to insert, they are directly inserted into the posterior tibial or dorsalis pedis artery to perform the transtibial approach. We herein describe an 81-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital because of claudication of the left lower extremity. He had a history of left iliofemoral and femorofemoral bypass surgery. The patient's symptom was due to a stenotic lesion extending from the left common femoral artery to the distal part of the left superficial femoral artery. In an angiographic procedure using the antegrade approach via the right radial artery, a multipurpose catheter became stuck in the middle of the left iliofemoral bypass. The antegrade ipsilateral approach was too close to the stenotic lesion for the insertion of the guide sheath. Therefore, a retrograde approach using a 5-French guide sheath inserted via the dorsalis pedis artery was successfully performed.

Successful Removal of an Entrapped Stent Delivery Catheter Using Two Arterial Sheaths in the Ipsilateral Groin.

Entrapment of devices, such as a Rota bar, an extension catheter, or an intravascular ultrasound device, during percutaneous coronary intervention has been reported and bailout strategies have been discussed. However, there have been few reports on entrapment of devices during endovascular treatment (EVT). A 70-year-old man was referred to our clinic for the management of rest pain in his left lower limb. His left ankle-brachial index was unmeasurable and computed tomography angiography revealed total occlusion of the left common, external iliac, and superficial femoral arteries (SFA). He was diagnosed as having symptomatic limb-threatening ischemia and EVT was planned. The first EVT was performed on an occluding lesion in the left iliac artery. We used a transradial approach and deployed two bare nitinol stents in the left iliac artery without complications. One week after the first EVT, the second EVT was performed on an occluding lesion in the left SFA. A 6.0-French (Fr) guide sheath was inserted antegradely through the left common femoral artery. The occluded lesion was dilated with a 4.0 mm plain balloon, following which intravascular ultrasound revealed a localized severe stenotic lesion in the distal part of the SFA. A 6.0 mm drug-eluting stent was deployed to cover the stenotic lesion in the distal part of the SFA without pre-dilation; however, the stenotic lesion did not dilate sufficiently. When we attempted to extract the stent delivery catheter, we could not detach its tip from the localized severe stenotic lesion and were unable to remove it by force or external compression. Therefore, we decided to implement a double guide technique by inserting a 4.0-Fr sheath simultaneously into the left common femoral artery adjacent to the first puncture site together with another 0.014-inch guidewire via a 4.0-Fr sheath to get past the lesion in which the catheter tip was embedded. We then used a 3.0-mm plain balloon to dilate the severe stenotic lesion sufficiently to enable the removal of the stent delivery catheter. Another 6.0-mm drug-eluting stent was then deployed, after the first stent, to cover the occluded lesion in the middle part of the SFA. Hemostasis was safely achieved at both puncture sites by manual compression. A double guide technique, as in percutaneous coronary intervention, is useful for the bailout of an entrapped device during EVT. Careful consideration of the access site and size and length of the second guide sheath are necessary.

Clinical Features of the Aslanger Pattern to Compensate for the Limitation of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Criteria.

BACKGROUND: ST-elevation is one of the most valuable electrocardiogram findings to diagnose acute myocardial infarction. However, more than a quarter of acute coronary occlusions are missed by this criterion, causing a delay in revascularization. Therefore, there should be awareness of the limitations of the current criteria and new electrocardiographic findings are required as a diagnostic tool to compensate for them. The Aslanger pattern is a specific electrocardiographic finding in acute inferior myocardial infarction with multivessel disease and allows the detection of inferior myocardial infarction that does not show ST-elevation, leading to rapid revascularization. However, in patients with the Aslanger pattern, the hemodynamic characteristics, such as the rate of shock and the use of mechanical circulatory support, as well as prognostic characteristics such as the in-hospital mortality rate, have not yet been clarified. METHODS: In this study, we retrospectively surveyed the current practice on the basis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) criteria in patients with acute coronary artery occlusion presenting with inferior myocardial infarction. We examined the clinical characteristics of the Aslanger pattern. RESULTS: Based on the STEMI criteria, 71.8% (51/72) of patients were diagnosed with STEMI from an acute electrocardiogram, and 28.2% (21/78) were diagnosed with non-STEMI. As expected, ruling out in all acute coronary artery occlusions using STEMI criteria alone was difficult. A total of 48% of patients with non-STEMI had the Aslanger pattern. In addition, 80% of patients with the Aslanger pattern had multivessel disease, 30% had the use of the mechanical circulatory support, and 20% had in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the Aslanger pattern is useful not only for diagnosis, but also for predicting hemodynamic collapse and a poor prognosis. Therefore, we should share information on Aslanger pattern with other physicians and use this pattern in daily practice.