New Computerized Planning Algorithm and Clinical Testing of Optimized Nuss Bar Design for Patients with Pectus Excavatum.

BACKGROUND Computer-aided design (CAD) has been used in the Nuss procedure to determine the bar length and shape. Despite computer aid, the shape and design remain quite intuitive. We tested a new algorithm to determine the optimal bar shape. MATERIAL AND METHODS The normal sterno-vertebral distance was defined on computed tomography (CT) scans of patients without pectus excavatum (PEx) at the same level where the deepest depression was found on CT scans of 97 patients with PEx. Four points were marked on the CT scan of 60 patients with PEx at the deepest deformity: P1: edge of the vertebra; P2: edge of the deformity; P3: the expected contact point of the bar and the rib; and P4: the expected end of the bar. The algorithm generated 3 circles upon these points, and the fusion of the arcs drew the line of the ideal bar. Corrected and normal sterno-vertebral distance values were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test. Ten bars were bent manually guided by a 1: 1 printout of the designed bar and were implanted in 10 adolescents. RESULTS The shortest sterno-vertebral distance was 3 cm below the intermammillary line in PEx patients. The normal mean sterno-vertebral distance at this level was 10.16±1.35 cm in non-PEx patients. The mean virtually corrected sterno-vertebral distance was 10.28±1.27 cm. No significant difference was found (P=0.44). The bars were seamless and were successfully implanted. No bar needed adjustment, the operation time was shorter, and the patient satisfaction score was 9.4/10. CONCLUSIONS With our new algorithm, an optimal Nuss bar can be designed.

Gallium(III)- and Thallium(III)-Encapsulated Polyoxopalladates: Synthesis, Structure, Multinuclear NMR, and Biological Activity Studies.

Three gallium(III)- and thallium(III)-containing polyoxopalladates (POPs) have been synthesized and structurally characterized in the solid state and in solution, namely, the phosphate-capped 12-palladate nanocubes [XPd12O8(PO4)8]13- (X = GaIII, GaPd12P8; X = TlIII, TlPd12P8) and the 23-palladate double-cube [Tl2IIIPd23P14O70(OH)2]20- (Tl2Pd23P14). The cuboid POPs, GaPd12P8 and TlPd12P8, are solution stable as verified by the respective 31P, 71Ga, and 205Tl nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Of prime interest, the spin-spin coupling schemes allowed for an intimate study of the solution behavior of the TlIII-containing POPs via a combination of 31P and 205Tl NMR, including the stoichiometry of the major fragments of Tl2Pd23P14. Moreover, biological studies demonstrated the antitumor and antiviral activity of GaPd12P8 and TlPd12P8, which were validated to be as efficient as cis-platinum against human melanoma and acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Furthermore, GaPd12P8 and TlPd12P8 exerted inhibitory activity against two herpetic viruses, HSV-2 and HCMV, in a dose-response manner.

Global-scale brittle plastic rheology at the cometesimals merging of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

Observations of comet nuclei indicate that the main constituent is a mix of ice and refractory materials characterized by high porosity (70-75%) and low bulk strength (10-4-10-6 MPa); however, the nature and physical properties of these materials remain largely unknown. By combining surface inspection of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and three-dimensional (3D) modeling of the independent concentric sets of layers that make up the structure of its two lobes, we provide clues about the large-scale rheological behavior of the nucleus and the kinematics of the impact that originated it. Large folds in the layered structure indicate that the merging of the two cometesimals involved reciprocal motion with dextral strike-slip kinematics that bent the layers in the contact area without obliterating them. Widespread long cracks and the evidence of relevant mass loss in absence of large density variations within the comet's body testify that large-scale deformation occurred in a brittle-plastic regime and was accommodated through folding and fracturing. Comparison of refined 3D geologic models of the lobes with triaxial ellipsoids that suitably represent the overall layers arrangement reveals characteristics that are consistent with an impact between two roughly ellipsoidal cometesimals that produced large-scale axial compression and transversal elongation. The observed features imply global transfer of impact-related shortening into transversal strain. These elements delineate a model for the global rheology of cometesimals that could be possible evoking a prominent bonding action of ice and, to a minor extent, organics.

A New Oxygen Containing Pyclen-Type Ligand as a Manganese(II) Binder for MRI and 52Mn PET Applications: Equilibrium, Kinetic, Relaxometric, Structural and Radiochemical Studies.

A new pyclen-3,9-diacetate derivative ligand (H23,9-OPC2A) was synthesized possessing an etheric O-atom opposite to the pyridine ring, to improve the dissociation kinetics of its Mn(II) complex (pyclen = 3,6,9,15-tetraazabicyclo(9.3.1)pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triene). The new ligand is less basic than the N-containing analogue (H23,9-PC2A) due to the non-protonable O-atom. In spite of its lower basicity, the conditional stability of the [Mn(3,9-OPC2A)] (pMn = -log(Mn(II)), cL = cMn(II) = 0.01 mM. pH = 7.4) remains unaffected (pMn = 8.69), compared to the [Mn(3,9-PC2A)] (pMn = 8.64). The [Mn(3,9-OPC2A)] possesses one water molecule, having a lower exchange rate with bulk solvents (kex298 = 5.3 ± 0.4 × 107 s-1) than [Mn(3,9-PC2A)] (kex298 = 1.26 × 108 s-1). These mild differences are rationalized by density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The acid assisted dissociation of [Mn(3,9-OPC2A)] is considerably slower (k1 = 2.81 ± 0.07 M-1 s-1) than that of the complexes of diacetates or bisamides of various 12-membered macrocycles and the parent H23,9-PC2A. The [Mn(3,9-OPC2A)] is inert in rat/human serum as confirmed by 52Mn labeling (nM range), as well as by relaxometry (mM range). However, a 600-fold excess of EDTA (pH = 7.4) or a mixture of essential metal ions, propagated some transchelation/transmetalation in 7 days. The H23,9-OPC2A is labeled efficiently with 52Mn at elevated temperatures, yet at 37 °C the parent H23,9-PC2A performs slightly better. Ultimately, the H23,9-OPC2A shows advantageous features for further ligand designs for bifunctional chelators.

Exploring Cyclic Aminopolycarboxylate Ligands for Sb(III) Complexation: PCTA and Its Derivatives as a Promising Solution.

In recent years Auger electron emitters have been suggested as promising candidates for radiotherapy with no side effects in cancer treatment. In this work we report a detailed coordination chemistry study of [Sb(PCTA)] (PCTA: 3,6,9,15-tetraazabicyclo[9.3.1]pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triene-3,6,9-triacetic acid), a macrocyclic aminopolycarboxylate-type complex of antimony(III), whose 119Sb isotope could be a suitable low-energy electron emitter for radiotherapy. The thermodynamic stability of the chelate obtained by pH-potentiometry and UV-vis spectrophotometry is high enough (log K[Sb(PCTA)] = 23.2(1)) to prevent the hydrolysis of the metal ion near physiological pH. The formation of [Sb(PCTA)] is confirmed by NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry measurements in solution; furthermore, the structure of [Sb(PCTA)]·NaCl·3H2O and [Sb(PCTA)]·HCl·3H2O is described by X-ray and density functional theory calculations. Consequently, the [Sb(PCTA)] is the first thermodynamically stable antimony(III) complex bearing polyamino-polycarboxylate macrocyclic platform. Our results demonstrate the potential of rigid (pyclen derivative) ligands as chelators for future applications of Sb(III) in a targeted radiotherapy based on the 119Sb isotope.

Complexation of Mn(II) by Rigid Pyclen Diacetates: Equilibrium, Kinetic, Relaxometric, Density Functional Theory, and Superoxide Dismutase Activity Studies.

We report the Mn(II) complexes with two pyclen-based ligands (pyclen = 3,6,9,15-tetraazabicyclo[9.3.1]pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triene) functionalized with acetate pendant arms at either positions 3,6 (3,6-PC2A) or 3,9 (3,9-PC2A) of the macrocyclic fragment. The 3,6-PC2A ligand was synthesized in five steps from pyclen oxalate by protecting one of the secondary amine groups of pyclen using Alloc protecting chemistry. The complex with 3,9-PC2A is characterized by a higher thermodynamic stability [log KMnL = 17.09(2)] than the 3,6-PC2A analogue [log KMnL = 15.53(1); 0.15 M NaCl]. Both complexes contain a water molecule coordinated to the metal ion, which results in relatively high 1H relaxivities (r1p = 2.72 and 2.91 mM-1 s-1 for the complexes with 3,6-PC2A and 3,9-PC2A, respectively, at 25 °C and 0.49 T). The coordinated water molecule displays fast exchange kinetics with the bulk in both cases; the rates (kex298) are 140 × 106 and 126 × 106 s-1 for [Mn(3,6-PC2A)(H2O)] and [Mn(3,9-PC2A)(H2O)], respectively. The two complexes were found to be remarkably inert with respect to their dissociation, with half-lives of 63 and 21 h, respectively, at pH = 7.4 in the presence of excess Cu(II). The r1p values recorded in blood serum remain constant at least over a period of 120 h. Cyclic voltammetry experiments show irreversible oxidation features shifted to higher potentials with respect to [Mn(EDTA)(H2O)]2- (H4EDTA = ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and [Mn(PhDTA)(H2O)]2- (H4PhDTA = phenylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid), indicating that the PC2A complexes reported here have a lower tendency to stabilize Mn(III). The superoxide dismutase activity of the Mn(II) complexes was tested using the xanthine/xanthine oxidase/p-nitro blue tetrazolium chloride assay at pH = 7.8. The Mn(II) complexes of 3,6-PC2A and 3,9-PC2A are capable of assisting decomposition of the superoxide anion radical. The kinetic rate constant of the complex of 3,9-PC2A is smaller by 1 order of magnitude than that of 3,6-PC2A.

Complexes of Bifunctional DO3A-N-(α-amino)propinate Ligands with Mg(II), Ca(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Lanthanide(III) Ions: Thermodynamic Stability, Formation and Dissociation Kinetics, and Solution Dynamic NMR Studies.

The thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural properties of Ln3+ complexes with the bifunctional DO3A-ACE4- ligand and its amide derivative DO3A-BACE4- (modelling the case where DO3A-ACE4- ligand binds to vector molecules) have been studied in order to confirm the usefulness of the corresponding Gd3+ complexes as relaxation labels of targeted MRI contrast agents. The stability constants of the Mg2+ and Ca2+ complexes of DO3A-ACE4- and DO3A-BACE4- complexes are lower than for DOTA4- and DO3A3-, while the Zn2+ and Cu2+ complexes have similar and higher stability than for DOTA4- and DO3A3- complexes. The stability constants of the Ln(DO3A-BACE)- complexes increase from Ce3+ to Gd3+ but remain practically constant for the late Ln3+ ions (represented by Yb3+). The stability constants of the Ln(DO3A-ACE)4- and Ln(DO3A-BACE)4- complexes are several orders of magnitude lower than those of the corresponding DOTA4- and DO3A3- complexes. The formation rate of Eu(DO3A-ACE)- is one order of magnitude slower than for Eu(DOTA)-, due to the presence of the protonated amine group, which destabilizes the protonated intermediate complex. This protonated group causes the Ln(DO3A-ACE)- complexes to dissociate several orders of magnitude faster than Ln(DOTA)- and its absence in the Ln(DO3A-BACE)- complexes results in inertness similar to Ln(DOTA)- (as judged by the rate constants of acid assisted dissociation). The 1H NMR spectra of the diamagnetic Y(DO3A-ACE)- and Y(DO3A-BACE)- reflect the slow dynamics at low temperatures of the intramolecular isomerization process between the SA pair of enantiomers, R-Λ(λλλλ) and S-Δ(δδδδ). The conformation of the Cα-substituted pendant arm is different in the two complexes, where the bulky substituent is further away from the macrocyclic ring in Y(DO3A-BACE)- than the amino group in Y(DO3A-ACE)- to minimize steric hindrance. The temperature dependence of the spectra reflects slower ring motions than pendant arms rearrangements in both complexes. Although losing some thermodynamic stability relative to Gd(DOTA)-, Gd(DO3A-BACE)- is still quite inert, indicating the usefulness of the bifunctional DO3A-ACE4- in the design of GBCAs and Ln3+-based tags for protein structural NMR analysis.

Shape and Size Tuning of BiIII-Centered Polyoxopalladates: High Resolution 209Bi NMR and 205/206Bi Radiolabeling for Potential Pharmaceutical Applications.

We have discovered five bismuth(III)-containing polyoxopalladates (POPs) which were fully characterized by solution and solid-state physicochemical techniques: the cube-shaped [BiPd12O32(AsPh)8]5- (BiPd12AsL), [BiPd12O32(AsC6H4N3)8]5- (BiPd12AsLN), and [BiPd12O32(AsC6H4COO)8]13- (BiPd12AsLC) as well as the star-shaped [BiPd15O40(PO)10H6]11- (BiPd15P) and [BiPd15O40(PPh)10]7- (BiPd15PL), respectively. The organically modified capping groups phenylarsonate, p-azidophenylarsonate, and p-carboxyphenylarsonate were chosen as the azido (-N3) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups open up opportunities to covalently conjugate (via click reaction, amide coupling, etc.) with targeting vectors. The synthesis of p-azidophenylarsonate is reported here for the first time. The effects of the BiIII template and the organoarsonate vs -posphonate capping groups on the resulting POP shape (cube vs star) are discussed. The 209Bi NMR (I = 9/2) spectra of BiPd12AsL, BiPd12AsLN, and BiPd12AsLC revealed narrow peaks (ν1/2 ∼ 200 Hz) at 5470 ppm with a longitudinal relaxation time in the millisecond range (at 8.46 T). The absence of a quadrupolar relaxation contribution could be attributed to the allocation of BiIII in the highly symmetrical cuboid POP host cage. Similar peaks were absent in the 209Bi-NMR spectra of the star-shaped POPs BiPd15P and BiPd15PL due to the less symmetric coordination environment around the central BiIII ion. Further, 205/206Bi-radiolabeled POPs have been synthesized by incorporating a 205/206BiIII ion in the center of the POP structures. Carrier-free 205/206Bi radioisotopes (as surrogates of α-emitting 213Bi) were incorporated into the POP host-cage for the preparation of 205/206BiPd12AsL, 205/206BiPd12AsLN, 205/206BiPd12AsLC, and 205/206BiPd15PL, respectively. The radiometal incorporation was complete (>99% radiochemical yield) in 10 min according to radio-thin-layer chromatography. The 205/206BiPd12AsL polyanion was purified by solid-phase extraction. The incubation in rat serum showed the formation of a 205/206BiPd12AsL-protein aggregate.

PIDAZTA: Structurally Constrained Chelators for the Efficient Formation of Stable Gallium-68 Complexes at Physiological pH.

Two structurally constrained chelators based on a fused bicyclic scaffold, 4-amino-4-methylperhydro-pyrido[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-N,N',N'-triacetic acids [(4R*,10aS*)-PIDAZTA (L1) and (4R*,10aR*)-PIDAZTA (L2)], were designed for the preparation of GaIII -based radiopharmaceuticals. The stereochemistry of the ligand scaffold has a deep impact on the properties of the complexes, with unexpected [Ga(L2)OH] species being superior in terms of both thermodynamic stability and inertness. This peculiar behavior was rationalized on the basis of molecular modeling and appears to be related to a better fit in size of GaIII into the cavity of L2. Fast and efficient formation of the GaIII chelates at room temperature was observed at pH values between 7 and 8, which enables 68 Ga radiolabeling under truly physiological conditions (pH 7.4).

Indium in Polyoxopalladate(II) Chemistry: Synthesis of All-Acetate-Capped [InPd12O8(OAc)16]5- and Controlled Transformation to Phosphate-Capped Double-Cube and Monocube.

We have prepared the indium(III)-centered, all-acetate-capped polyoxopalladate(II) nanocube [InPd12O8(OAc)16]5- (InPd12Ac16), which can be further used as precursor to form the phosphate-capped (i) double-cube [In2Pd23O17(OH)(PO4)12(PO3OH)]21- (In2Pd23P13) and (ii) monocube [InPd12O8(PO4)8]13- (InPd12P8). All three novel polyoxopalladates (POPs) were synthesized using conventional one-pot techniques in aqueous solution and characterized in the solid state (single-crystal XRD, IR, elemental analysis), in solution (115In, 31P, and 13C NMR), and in the gas phase (ESI-MS).

Improved Efficacy of Synthesizing *MIII-Labeled DOTA Complexes in Binary Mixtures of Water and Organic Solvents. A Combined Radio- and Physicochemical Study.

Typically, the synthesis of radiometal-based radiopharmaceuticals is performed in buffered aqueous solutions. We found that the presence of organic solvents like ethanol increased the radiolabeling yields of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA (DOTA = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacatic acid). In the present study, the effect of organic cosolvents [ethanol (EtOH), isopropyl alcohol, and acetonitrile] on the radiolabeling yields of the macrocyclic chelator DOTA with several trivalent radiometals (gallium-68, scandium-44, and lutetium-177) was systematically investigated. Various binary water (H2O)/organic solvent mixtures allowed the radiolabeling of DOTA at a significantly lower temperature than 95 °C, which is relevant for the labeling of sensitive biological molecules. Simultaneously, much lower amounts of the chelators were required. This strategy may have a fundamental impact on the formulation of trivalent radiometal-based radiopharmaceuticals. The equilibrium properties and formation kinetics of [M(DOTA)]- (MIII= GaIII, CeIII, EuIII, YIII, and LuIII) complexes were investigated in H2O/EtOH mixtures (up to 70 vol % EtOH). The protonation constants of DOTA were determined by pH potentiometry in H2O/EtOH mixtures (0-70 vol % EtOH, 0.15 M NaCl, 25 °C). The log K1H and log K2H values associated with protonation of the ring N atoms decreased with an increase of the EtOH content. The formation rates of [M(DOTA)]- complexes increase with an increase of the pH and [EtOH]. Complexation occurs through rapid formation of the diprotonated [M(H2DOTA)]+ intermediates, which are in equilibrium with the kinetically active monoprotonated [M(HDOTA)] intermediates. The rate-controlling step is deprotonation (and rearrangement) of the monoprotonated intermediate, which occurs through H2O (*M(HL) kH2O) and OH- (*M(HL) kOH) assisted reaction pathways. The rate constants are essentially independent of the EtOH concentration, but the M(HL) kH2O values increase from CeIII to LuIII. However, the log KM(HL)H protonation constants, analogous to the log KH2 value, decrease with increasing [EtOH], which increases the concentration of the monoprotonated M(HDOTA) intermediate and accelerates formation of the final complexes. The overall rates of complex formation calculated by the obtained rate constants at different EtOH concentrations show a trend similar to that of the complexation rates determined with the use of radioactive isotopes.

Coordination Properties of GdDO3A-Based Model Compounds of Bioresponsive MRI Contrast Agents.

We report a detailed characterization of the thermodynamic stability and dissociation kinetics of Gd3+ complexes with DO3A derivatives containing a (methylethylcarbamoylmethylamino)acetic acid (L1), (methylpropylcarbamoylmethylamino)acetic acid (L2), 2-dimethylamino- N-ethylacetamide (L3), or 2-dimethylamino- N-propylacetamide (L4) group attached to the fourth nitrogen atom of the macrocyclic unit. These ligands are model systems of Ca2+- and Zn2+-responsive contrast agents (CA) for application in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The results of the potentiometric studies ( I = 0.15 M NaCl) provide stability constants with log KGdL values in the range 13.9-14.8. The complex speciation in solution was found to be quite complicated due to the formation of protonated species at low pH, hydroxido complexes at high pH, and stable dinuclear complexes in the case of L1,2. At neutral pH significant fractions of the complexes are protonated at the amine group of the amide side chain (log KGdL×H = 7.2-8.1). These ligands form rather weak complexes with Mg2+ and Ca2+ but very stable complexes with Cu2+ (log KCuL = 20.4-22.3) and Zn2+ (log KZnL = 15.5-17.6). Structural studies using a combination of 1H NMR and luminescence spectroscopy show that the amide group of the ligand is coordinated to the metal ion at pH ∼8.5, while protonation of the amine group provokes the decoordination of the amide O atom and a concomitant increase in the hydration number and proton relaxivity. The dissociation of the complexes occurs mainly through a rather efficient proton-assisted pathway, which results in kinetic inertness comparable to that of nonmacrocyclic ligands such as DTPA rather than DOTA-like complexes.

Dithallium(III)-Containing 30-Tungsto-4-phosphate, [Tl2Na2(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16-: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Biological Studies.

Here we report on the synthesis and structural characterization of the dithallium(III)-containing 30-tungsto -4-phosphate [Tl2Na2(H2O)2{P2W15O56}2]16- (1) by a multitude of solid-state and solution techniques. Polyanion 1 comprises two octahedrally coordinated Tl3+ ions sandwiched between two trilacunary {P2W15} Wells-Dawson fragments and represents only the second structurally characterized, discrete thallium-containing polyoxometalate to date. The two outer positions of the central rhombus are occupied by sodium ions. The title polyanion is solution-stable as shown by 31P and 203/205Tl NMR. This was also supported by Tl NMR spectra simulations including several spin systems of isotopologues with half-spin nuclei (203Tl, 205Tl, 31P, 183W). 23Na NMR showed a time-averaged signal of the Na+ counter cations and the structurally bonded Na+ ions. 203/205Tl NMR spectra also showed a minor signal tentatively attributed to the trithallium-containing derivative [Tl3Na(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]14-, which could also be identified in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The bioactivity of polyanion 1 was also tested against bacteria and Leishmania.

[Spontaneous haemothorax - thoracic surgeon and intervention radiologist successful cooperation]. / Spontán haemothorax ­ mellkassebész és intervenciós radiológus sikeres együttmuködése.

The definition of spontaneous haemothorax is accumulation of blood within the pleural space without trauma or iatrogenic causes. A case of a 17-year-old male patient with a history of multiple abnormal arterial fistulas between systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation as a cause of bleeding is presented. An overview of the causes, the clinical features of haemothorax and the interventional radiological methods that can solve some causes of haemothorax are presented in connection of our case report.

Equilibrium, Kinetic and Structural Properties of Gallium(III) and Some Divalent Metal Complexes Formed with the New DATAm and DATA5m Ligands.

The development of 68 Ge/68 Ga generators has made the positron-emitting 68 Ga isotope widely accessible and raised interest in new chelate complexes of Ga3+ . The hexadentate 1,4-di(acetate)-6-methyl[amino(methyl)acetate]perhydro-1,4-diazepane (DATAm ) ligand and its bifunctional analogue, 1,4-di(acetate)-6-pentanoic acid[amino(methyl)acetate]perhydro-1,4-diazepane (DATA5m ), rapidly form complexes with 68 Ga in high radiochemical yield. The stability constants of DATAm and DATA5m complexes formed with Ga3+ , Zn2+ , Cu2+ , Mn2+ and Ca2+ have been determined by using pH potentiometry, spectrophotometry (Cu2+ ) and 1 H and 71 Ga NMR spectroscopy (Ga3+ ). The stability constants of Ga(DATAm ) and Ga(DATA5m ) complexes are slightly higher than those of Ga(AAZTA). The species distribution calculations indicated the predominance of Ga(L)OH mixed-hydroxo complexes at physiological pH. The 1 H and 71 Ga NMR spectroscopy studies provided information about the coordinated functional groups of ligands and on the kinetics of exchange between the Ga(L) and Ga(L)OH complexes. The transmetalation reactions between the Ga(L) complexes and Cu2+ citrate (6

[A giant inflammatory fibroid polyp of the esophagus]. / A nyelocso óriás inflammatorikus fibroid polipja.

Inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) is an uncommon benign tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. IFP in the esophagus is very rare, in particular in giant size. A case of a 63 year old woman with a 13 × 7 × 4.5 cm polyp originated of the lower third of the oesophagus is presented. Her esophageal polyp extended proximally from the level of the tracheal bifurcation, prolapsing through the cardia as well as the herniated stomach, and entered distally into the abdominal part of the stomach. Resection of the polyp was performed via a right oesophago-gastrotomy. Histology verified inflammatory fibroid polyp of the esophagus. An overview of clinical features of the inflammatory fibroid polyp is presented in connection of our case report.

AAZTA: An Ideal Chelating Agent for the Development of 44 Sc PET Imaging Agents.

Unprecedented fast and efficient complexation of ScIII was demonstrated with the chelating agent AAZTA (AAZTA=1,4-bis(carboxymethyl)-6-[bis(carboxymethyl)]amino-6-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepine) under mild experimental conditions. The robustness of the 44 Sc(AAZTA)- chelate and conjugated biomolecules thereof is further shown by in vivo PET imaging in healthy and tumor mice models. The new results pave the way towards development of efficient Sc-based radiopharmaceuticals using the AAZTA chelator.

Complexation of Ln(3+) Ions with Cyclam Dipicolinates: A Small Bridge that Makes Huge Differences in Structure, Equilibrium, and Kinetic Properties.

The coordination properties toward the lanthanide ions of two macrocyclic ligands based on a cyclam platform containing picolinate pendant arms have been investigated. The synthesis of the ligands was achieved by using the well-known bis-aminal chemistry. One of the cyclam derivatives (cb-tedpa(2-)) is reinforced with a cross-bridge unit, which results in exceptionally inert [Ln(cb-tedpa)](+) complexes. The X-ray structures of the [La(cb-tedpa)Cl], [Gd(cb-tedpa)](+), and [Lu(Me2tedpa)](+) complexes indicate octadentate binding of the ligands to the metal ions. The analysis of the Yb(3+)-induced shifts in [Yb(Me2tedpa)](+) indicates that this complex presents a solution structure very similar to that observed in the solid state for the Lu(3+) analogue. The X-ray structures of [La(H2Me2tedpa)2](3+) and [Yb(H2Me2tedpa)2](3+) complexes confirm the exocyclic coordination of the metal ions, which gives rise to coordination polymers with the metal coordination environment being fulfilled by oxygen atoms of the picolinate groups and water molecules. The X-ray structure of [Gd(Hcb-tedpa)2](+) also indicates exocyclic coordination that in this case results in a discrete structure with an eight-coordinated metal ion. The nonreinforced complexes [Ln(Me2tedpa)](+) were prepared and isolated as chloride salts in nonaqueous media. However, these complexes were found to undergo dissociation in aqueous solution, except in the case of the complexes with the smallest Ln(3+) ions (Ln(3+) = Yb(3+) and Lu(3+)). A DFT investigation shows that the increased stability of the [Ln(Me2tedpa)](+) complexes in solution across the lanthanide series is the result of an increased binding energy of the ligand due to the increased charge density of the Ln(3+) ion.

Synthesis, Structure, and Antibacterial Activity of a Thallium(III)-Containing Polyoxometalate, [Tl2{B-ß-SiW8O30(OH)}2]12.

We have synthesized and structurally characterized the first discrete thallium-containing polyoxometalate, [Tl2{B-ß-SiW8O30(OH)}2]12- (1). Polyanion 1 was characterized in the solid-state and shown to be solution-stable by 203/205Tl NMR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and electrochemical studies. The antibacterial activity of 1 was also investigated.

Simple (17) O NMR method for studying electron self-exchange reaction between UO2 (2+) and U(4+) aqua ions in acidic solution.

(17) O NMR spectroscopy is proven to be suitable and convenient method for studying the electron exchange by following the decrease of (17) O-enrichment in U(17) OO(2+) ion in the presence of U(4+) ion in aqueous solution. The reactions have been performed at room temperature using I = 5 M ClO4 (-) ionic medium in acidic solutions in order to determine the kinetics of electron exchange between the U(4+) and UO2 (2+) aqua ions. The rate equation is given as R = a[H(+) ](-2) + R', where R' is an acid independent parallel path. R' depends on the concentration of the uranium species according to the following empirical rate equation: R' = k1 [UO(2 +) ](1/2) [U(4 +) ](1/2) + k2 [UO(2 +) ](3/2) [U(4 +) ](1/2) . The mechanism of the inverse H(+) concentration-dependent path is interpreted as equilibrium formation of reactive UO2 (+) species from UO2 (2+) and U(4+) aqua ions and its electron exchange with UO2 (2+) . The determined rate constant of this reaction path is in agreement with the rate constant of UO2 (2+) -UO2 (+) , one electron exchange step calculated by Marcus theory, match the range given experimentally of it in an early study. Our value lies in the same order of magnitude as the recently calculated ones by quantum chemical methods. The acid independent part is attributed to the formation of less hydrolyzed U(V) species, i.e. UO(3+) , which loses enrichment mainly by electron exchange with UO2 (2+) ions. One can also conclude that (17) O NMR spectroscopy, or in general NMR spectroscopy with careful kinetic analysis, is a powerful tool for studying isotope exchange reactions without the use of sophisticated separation processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.