RESUMO
Tuberculosis (TB) causes 1 in 3 deaths among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Diagnosing and treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is critical to reducing TB incidence and mortality. Blood-based screening tests (e.g., QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT+)) and shorter-course TB preventive therapy (TPT) regimens such as 3HP (3 months weekly isoniazid-rifapentine) hold significant promise to improve TB outcomes. We qualitatively explored barriers and solutions to optimizing QFT+ and 3HP among PLHIV in three cities in Brazil. We conducted 110 in-depth interviews with PLHIV, health care providers (HCP) and key informants (KI). Content analysis was conducted including the use of case summaries and comparison of themes across populations and contexts. LTBI screening and treatment practices were dependent on HCP's perceptions of whether they were critical to improving TB outcomes. Many HCP lacked a strong understanding of LTBI and perceived the current TPT regimen as complicated. HCP reported that LTBI screening and treatment were constrained by clinic staffing challenges. While PLHIV generally expressed willingness to consider any test or treatment that doctors recommended, they indicated HCP rarely discussed LTBI and TPT. TB testing and treatment requests were constrained by structural factors including financial and food insecurity, difficulties leaving work for appointments, stigma and family responsibilities. QFT+ and 3HP were viewed by all participants as tools that could significantly improve the LTBI cascade by avoiding complexities of TB skin tests and longer LTBI treatment courses. QFT+ and 3HP were perceived to have challenges, including the potential to increase workload on over-burdened health systems if not implemented alongside improved supply chains, staffing, and training, and follow-up initiatives. Multi-level interventions that increase understanding of the importance of LTBI and TPT among HCP, improve patient-provider communication, and streamline clinic-level operations related to QFT+ and 3HP are needed to optimize their impact among PLHIV and reduce TB mortality.
RESUMO
This paper aims to evaluate the extent of PHC attributes, from the experience of users, both adults and children caregivers, comparing the area served by the health facilities of the district of Rocinha with other areas of health district 2.1 in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The measuring tool used to evaluate the quality of services provided was the Primary Care Assessment Tools. A cross-sectional study was conducted, with independent random samples and 802 interviewees. Results indicate a better performance for children care when compared to adult care. Attributes "access" and "comprehensiveness - available services" were the worst performers, probably due to the great external and internal migration existing within Rocinha itself. To improve these attributes, we recommend the adoption of a single list of residents by Family Health Team (ESF), with a maximum number of people, including territorial delimitation and people internal mobility. We also highlight the importance of strengthening the Family and Community Medicine Residency Program, which, since 2012, has been training specialists with the support of preceptors and enables increased portfolio of PHC services.
Assuntos
Cuidadores/estatística & dados numéricos , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/normas , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Brasil , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Saúde da Família , Feminino , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a extensão dos atributos da APS, desde a experiência dos usuários, tanto adultos quanto cuidadores de crianças, comparando a área atendida pelas unidades de saúde do bairro da Rocinha com as demais áreas do distrito sanitário 2.1, no município do Rio de Janeiro. O instrumento de medida utilizado para avaliar a qualidade dos serviços prestados foi o Primary Care Assement Tool. Foi realizado estudo transversal, com amostras aleatórias independentes, com 802 entrevistados. Os resultados apontam melhor desempenho para o cuidado das crianças, quando comparado aos adultos. Os atributos "acesso" e "integralidade - serviços disponíveis" foram aqueles que tiveram os piores desempenhos, provavelmente devido a grande migração externa e interna existente dentro da própria Rocinha. Para melhoria desses atributos, recomendamos a adoção de uma lista única de moradores por ESF, com um número máximo de pessoas, contemplando além da delimitação territorial, a mobilidade interna das pessoas. Destacamos também a importância do fortalecimento do Programa de Residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade, que desde 2012 forma especialistas, com apoio de preceptores, e viabiliza a ampliação da oferta da carteira de serviços de APS.
Abstract This paper aims to evaluate the extent of PHC attributes, from the experience of users, both adults and children caregivers, comparing the area served by the health facilities of the district of Rocinha with other areas of health district 2.1 in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The measuring tool used to evaluate the quality of services provided was the Primary Care Assessment Tools. A cross-sectional study was conducted, with independent random samples and 802 interviewees. Results indicate a better performance for children care when compared to adult care. Attributes "access" and "comprehensiveness - available services" were the worst performers, probably due to the great external and internal migration existing within Rocinha itself. To improve these attributes, we recommend the adoption of a single list of residents by Family Health Team (ESF), with a maximum number of people, including territorial delimitation and people internal mobility. We also highlight the importance of strengthening the Family and Community Medicine Residency Program, which, since 2012, has been training specialists with the support of preceptors and enables increased portfolio of PHC services.