Yeast production from virgin grape marc.

An alternative utilization of virgin grape marc (VGM) to produce SCP from S. ceretisiae is reported. A simple extraction method of fresh grape marc produces a sugar-rich solution: through fed-batch fermentation, a high-value yeast biomass instead of a low-value product like ethanol can be produced. Productivity and quality of yeast are similar to these obtainable from molasses. The convenience of yeast production from VGM is briefly discussed; it appears of great interest in south Italy and generally in grape-producing countries, specially if these lack relevant sources of fermentable sugars.

SCP and crude pectinase production by slurry-state fermentation of lemon pulps.

Single cell protein (SCP) and crude pectinolytic enzymes production from citrus pulps is reported. SCP and enzymes were produced by slurry-state flask cultivation of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride on pulps from lemon juice clarification. Production as well as crude pectinase activity was not affected by the high dry matter content of the pulps. Both the protein content in the residue and the enzyme activity in the supernatant were higher in T. viride than in A. niger culture. The crude pectinase of T. viride, whose specific activity was similar to that found for a commercial concentrated preparation, could be utilized in the same citrus processing factory as well as in other factories which use large amounts of pectinolytic crude preparations, for example to enhance depuration plant performance.

Biological effect of Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill. (Cactaceae) waste matter. Note I: diuretic activity.

In this work we studied in rat the diuretic activity of Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill. (Cactaceae) waste matter. The cladodes, flowers and non commerciable fruits were collected in S. Cono (CT, Sicily) cultivation. Acute and chronic diuretic activity of 15% infusion of cladodes, flowers and fruits were assayed. Natriuresis, kaliuresis and the activity on fructose-induced hyperuricemia was also studied. The results show that O. ficus indica cladode, fruit and flower infusions significantly increase diuresis. This effect is more marked with the fruit infusion and it is particularly significant during the chronic treatment. The fruit infusion shows also antiuric effect. In all experiments cladode, flower and fruit infusions showed a modest but not significant increase in natriuresis and kaliuresis.

Antiulcer activity of Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill. (Cactaceae): ultrastructural study.

In Sicily folk medicine, Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill. cladodes are used for the treatment of gastric ulcer. We studied the effect of administration of lyophilized cladodes on experimental ethanol-induced ulcer in rat. In this paper, we report the ultrastructural observations of gastric mucosa. The ultrastructural changes were observed by trasmission electronic microscopy (TEM) confirming the protective effect exercised by administration of lyophilized cladodes. Pre-treatment test in rats revealed a protective action against ethanol-induced ulcer. Probably, the mucilage of Opuntia ficus indica is involved.

Study on the increment of the production of gastric mucus in rats treated with Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill. cladodes.

Opuntia ficus indica cladodes are used in traditional medicine of many countries for their cicatrisant activity. The major components of cladodes are carbohydrate-containing polymers, which consist of a mixture of mucilage and pectin. In this paper we studied the cytoprotective effects of cladodes on experimental ethanol-induced ulcer in rat. The O. ficus indica cladodes administration gives rise to cytoprotection phenomena by breaking up the epithelial cells and stimulating an increase in mucus production. When O. ficus indica cladodes are administered as a preventive therapy, keep the gastric mucosa under normal condition by preventing mucus dissolution caused by ethanol and favouring mucus production. An increase of mucus production is also observed during the course of the curative treatment. The treatment with O. ficus indica cladodes provokes an increase in the number of secretory cells. Probably, the gastric fibroblasts are involved in the antiulcer activity.

Biological effects of hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid. (Note I): antiinflammatory and analgesic activity.

The present study was undertaken to define in vivo the antiinflammatory and analgesic activities of hesperidin, an important flavanone of Citrus sp.. We used hesperidin obtained from the solid residue of orange peel after an acidic pretreatment. Our results showed that hesperidin possesses significative antiinflammatory and analgesic effects.

Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill. mucilages show cytoprotective effect on gastric mucosa in rat.

Opuntia ficus indica cladodes possess a protective action against ethanol-induced ulcer in the rat. The major components of cladodes are carbohydrate polymers, mainly mucilages and pectin. To clarify the cytoprotective effects of cladodes on experimental ethanol-induced ulcer in rat, mucilages and pectin were extracted and were administered instead of cladodes. The above mentioned effects induced by cladodes may be attributed to mucilages, and not significantly to pectin.