RESUMO
In thin film deposition processes, the lower limit of the deposition temperature is determined by the used coating technology and the duration of the coating process and is usually higher than room temperature. Hence, the processing of thermally sensitive materials and the adjustability of thin film morphology are limited. In consequence, for factual low-temperature deposition processes, an active cooling of the substrate is required. The effect of low substrate temperature on thin film properties during ion beam sputtering was investigated. The S i O 2 and T a 2 O 5 films grown at 0°C show a trend of lower optical losses and higher laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) compared to 100°C.
RESUMO
Activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE) is the dominant mode of synaptic vesicle endocytosis during high-frequency stimulation, suggesting it should play key roles in neurotransmission during periods of intense neuronal activity. However, efforts in elucidating the physiological role of ADBE have been hampered by the lack of identified molecules which are unique to this endocytosis mode. To address this, we performed proteomic analysis on purified bulk endosomes, which are a key organelle in ADBE. Bulk endosomes were enriched via two independent approaches, a classical subcellular fractionation method and isolation via magnetic nanoparticles. There was a 77% overlap in proteins identified via the two protocols, and these molecules formed the ADBE core proteome. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a strong enrichment in cell adhesion and cytoskeletal and signaling molecules, in addition to expected synaptic and trafficking proteins. Network analysis identified Rab GTPases as a central hub within the ADBE proteome. Subsequent investigation of a subset of these Rabs revealed that Rab11 both facilitated ADBE and accelerated clathrin-mediated endocytosis. These findings suggest that the ADBE proteome will provide a rich resource for the future study of presynaptic function, and identify Rab11 as a regulator of presynaptic function.
Assuntos
Endocitose/fisiologia , Proteoma/metabolismo , Vesículas Sinápticas/metabolismo , Proteínas rab de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Animais , Citoesqueleto/fisiologia , Endossomos/metabolismo , Endossomos/fisiologia , Feminino , Nanopartículas/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/fisiologia , Transporte Proteico/fisiologia , Proteômica/métodos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transmissão Sináptica/fisiologiaRESUMO
The intensity of scattered light is extremely sensitive to even small changes of illumination wavelength, incident angle, polarization states, or even the measurement position. To obtain light scattering distributions with varied parameters, time-consuming sequential measurement procedures are typically employed. Here, we propose a concept for the measurement of multiple properties at the same time. This is achieved by tailoring orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for light scattering measurement techniques to the required low inter-channel crosstalk performance. The concept is used for a highly-robust roughness and contamination characterization, to derive one-shot roughness information, as well as to characterize color and appearance.
RESUMO
Light-scattering measurements on rugate coatings made out of mixtures of Si(x)Ta(y)O(z) and Si(x)Hf(y)O(z) were performed. Through successive optimization steps for the substrate roughness and deposition parameters, the overall scattering loss could be reduced by 96% to 3.5 ppm. In order to analyze the relevant scattering mechanisms in such coatings, different theoretical models for scattering from bulk and surface imperfections are compared to measured data. The best accordance between simulated and measured data could be achieved for the theory based on bulk imperfections, while the classical roughness based theory, which is used for conventional multilayer systems, gives reasonable good results.
RESUMO
Ischiofemoral impingement (IFI) is a rare cause of hip pain and was first described in 1977. While it can be related to trauma, it may also be idiopathic. We report a case of IFI in a 22-year old female, who was successfully treated by resection of the lesser trochanter. However, 8 months later, symptoms recurred on the contralateral side. Surgical intervention was required to alleviate the patient's symptoms. This case report discusses the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features of IFI.
Assuntos
Impacto Femoroacetabular/diagnóstico por imagem , Impacto Femoroacetabular/cirurgia , Ísquio/diagnóstico por imagem , Ísquio/cirurgia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The skeletons of 110 dogs with malignant tumours of different origins were examined by necropsy examination over a 3-year period to identify bone metastases. Twenty-one cases of metastatic or multicentric tumours with bone involvement were recorded. In general, more female dogs presented with bony metastases; however, when the dogs with mammary tumours were omitted, the gender distribution of the cases was approximately equivalent. The mammary gland was the primary site of most of the metastatic bone lesions, followed by the musculoskeletal system and the respiratory system. The majority (77%) of metastases were grossly visible and present in multiple bones. However, in 23% of the cases, the metastases could be diagnosed only at the microscopical level. The vertebrae and the humerus were the most frequently affected bones regardless of the primary site and the histogenesis of the tumours. The results of this study revealed a high prevalence of bone metastases and/or bone involvement in dogs with multicentric tumours.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/veterinária , Osso e Ossos/patologia , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/veterinária , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/patologia , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/patologia , Animais , Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Cães , Feminino , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , MasculinoRESUMO
Uma avestruz-do-pescoço-vermelho, com dois anos de idade, apresentava um nódulo no terço médio do esôfago e foi submetida a procedimento cirúrgico. Histologicamente, observou-se uma área focalmente extensa de necrose estendendo-se da túnica mucosa à muscular, e, em algumas secções, à túnica adventícia. Circundando a área de necrose, observou-se uma reação inflamatória composta principalmente por granulócitos e macrófagos, associada à fibroplasia e neovascularização. Em meio às áreas de necrose e inflamação, verificavam-se numerosas imagens negativas de hifas em seções longitudinais e transversais, melhor apreciadas pela coloração de metenamina nitrato de prata de Grocott. O diagnóstico definitivo de infecção por Pythium insidiosum foi confirmado por imuno-histoquímica. A avestruz recebia água para consumo de um lago localizado em uma área de pastagem, no qual alguns cavalos haviam desenvolvido pitiose cutânea anteriormente.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Doenças das Aves , Transtornos de Deglutição/veterinária , Struthioniformes , Esofagite/veterinária , Pitiose/diagnósticoRESUMO
Twenty-one cases of pythiosis in horses (n = 10), dogs (n = 9) and cattle (n = 2) were investigated. The aetiology in all cases was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Data related to the clinical course and outcome and localization of the lesions were obtained from pathology reports. The equine lesions consisted of fibrotic tissue with multiple, often coalescing, areas of immature granulation tissue encircling eosinophilic cores. Affected dogs had gastrointestinal and/or cutaneous lesions with either or both of a granulomatous/pyogranulomatous or necrotizing eosinophilic inflammatory reaction. In cattle, cutaneous lesions were characterized by multifocal to coalescing granulomas with surrounding fibrosis. The number of intralesional hyphae, the distribution of hyphae, the presence of angioinvasion and the nature of the local inflammatory reactions were associated with the different types of lesions observed.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/patologia , Pitiose/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/metabolismo , Doenças do Cão/metabolismo , Cães , Eosinófilos/metabolismo , Eosinófilos/patologia , Feminino , Fibrose/metabolismo , Fibrose/patologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/metabolismo , Cavalos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia , Masculino , Pitiose/metabolismo , Pitiose/patologiaAssuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos/patologia , Sepse/veterinária , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Cavalos , Sepse/patologiaRESUMO
Mineralization activity of microorganisms in refuse from consulting rooms of general practitioners, E.T.N.-specialists, dermatologists, dentists, veterinarians, and in municipal refuse was estimated by means of CO2 and NH3 measurement. In comparison to municipal refuse, the refuse from medical consulting rooms released only low amounts of CO2 and NH3. Only in refuse from the veterinarians consulting rooms relative high mineralization was found, due to specific consistency (fecal contamination) of those refuse. A slight enrichment in pepton of all refuse under test resulted in a strong enhancement of the CO2 and NH3 evolution. That effect indicates either high potential mineralization activity of microorganisms in the refuse from medical consulting rooms and their relative resistance to microbial degradation.
Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Consultórios Odontológicos/normas , Instalações de Saúde/normas , Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde , Minerais/análise , Consultórios Médicos/normas , Esgotos , Resíduos , Amônia/análise , Animais , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Humanos , Medicina , Especialização , População Urbana , Medicina VeterináriaRESUMO
Microbiological investigations were made during a one year period on refuse from consulting rooms of general practitioners, E.N.T.-specialists, dermatologists, dentists, and veterinarians. Concentrations of total aerobic bacteria, hyphomycetes, yeasts, actinomycetes, indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, feacal streptococci, anaerobic sulfite reducing spore-forming bacteria), of some facultative pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus), and pathogens (Salmonella sp.) were estimated. The refuse from medical consulting rooms showed definitely differences in microbiological properties. Usually the highest counts of microorganisms were found in the refuse from veterinarian consulting rooms. In generally, refuse from medical consulting rooms had lower microbial counts as compared to the municipal refuse. Feacal indicators and facultative pathogenic bacteria, however, were found more frequently, and usually at higher concentrations in refuse from medical consulting rooms. Salmonella sp. was not found in the refuse samples under test. Conclusively, refuse from medical consulting rooms should be handled with caution. However, the results of this study do not indicate those kinds of refuse as a source of acute hygienic risk.
Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Resíduos de Alimentos , Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde , Eliminação de Resíduos , Resíduos , Bactérias/patogenicidade , Alemanha Ocidental , Especificidade da Espécie , Medicina VeterináriaRESUMO
Refuse originated from consulting rooms of medical doctors of five different specializations were disposed of for more than six months in a model landfill. Another variants of the same experiment consisted of a mixture, made from refuse as above with municipal refuse (1:10), and of municipal refuse alone. Using estimation of either CO2 and NH3 evolution before and after disposal, continuous temperature measurement, organic matter and moisture contents, the mineralization process in the disposed refuse was followed. In model landfill which was kept under aerobic conditions the results indicated a low rate of mineralization in refuse from medical consulting rooms. The mixture containing municipal refuse and refuse from medical consulting rooms showed mineralization rate similar to that of municipal refuse alone. If the model landfills were kept nearly anaerobic almost no mineralization occurred in all kind of refuse disposed of.
Assuntos
Odontologia/normas , Instalações de Saúde/normas , Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde , Minerais/análise , Consultórios Médicos/normas , Esgotos , População Urbana , Resíduos , Animais , Humanos , Medicina , Eliminação de Resíduos , Especialização , Temperatura , Medicina VeterináriaRESUMO
Refuse from medical consulting rooms, a mixture of those refuse with municipal refuse (1:10), and municipal refuse were disposed aerobically and roughly anaerobically for over six months in a model landfill. Survival, proliferation, and transportation of microorganisms were estimated at different periods of time. Concentrations of aerobic bacteria and hyphomycetes decreased during the first weeks of deposition but remained later almost unchanged. Concentrations of nonsporeforming indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, feacal streptococci) decreased more strongly, and E. coli could not be found at latest after 23 weeks. In municipal refuse alone and mixed with refuse from medical consulting rooms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa proliferated temporarily. Leaching of microorganisms from the model landfill was observed in the whole course of the disposal period.
Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Resíduos de Alimentos , Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde , Fungos Mitospóricos/isolamento & purificação , Eliminação de Resíduos/métodos , Microbiologia do Solo , Resíduos , Aerobiose , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
A novel protein kinase, Mx-interacting protein kinase (PKM), has been identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen for interaction partners of human MxA, an interferon-induced GTPase with antiviral activity against several RNA viruses. A highly conserved protein kinase domain is present in the N-terminal moiety of PKM, whereas an Mx interaction domain overlaps with C-terminal PEST sequences. PKM has a molecular weight of about 127,000 and exhibits high sequence homology to members of a recently described family of homeodomain-interacting protein kinases. Recombinant PKM has serine/threonine kinase activity that is abolished by a single amino acid substitution in the ATP binding domain (K221W). PKM catalyzes autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of various cellular and viral proteins. PKM is expressed constitutively and colocalizes with the interferon-inducible Sp100 protein and murine Mx1 in discrete nuclear structures known as nuclear bodies.
Assuntos
Antivirais/análise , Núcleo Celular/química , Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/análise , Proteínas/análise , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Peso Molecular , Proteínas de Resistência a Myxovirus , Fosforilação , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/química , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genéticaRESUMO
Randomly selected strains of Candida albicans were grown with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a single nitrogen source. From all strains tested, culture supernatant contained carboxyl proteinase (E.C.3.4.23) as has been shown that with hemoglobin as a substrate and by specific inhibition with pepstatin-A. According to the separation pattern of BSA fragments, secretory proteinases from C. albicans belong to at least three groups. We have purified the partially proteolytic enzyme of strain 113 and have compared its properties with those of the totally proteolytic enzyme of strain CBS 2730. Both enzymes have virtually identical molecular weight (ca. 44,000) and cross-react immunologically; they differ in pH optimum, isoelectric point, substrate specificity, and resistance against alkali. IgG1, which is the prevalent immunoglobulin of human serum, was not cleaved by enzyme 113. Immunoglobulins A1, A2 and secretory component were cleaved by both enzymes, which points to a role of the secretory proteinases in the persistence of yeasts on mucous membranes. Differences in the course of alkaline denaturation indicate that only a fraction of strain-specific proteinases is capable to convey long-range effects in the host.
Assuntos
Candida albicans/enzimologia , Endopeptidases/análise , Anticorpos Antifúngicos/análise , Candida albicans/imunologia , Candidíase/microbiologia , Endopeptidases/imunologia , Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Testes de Hemaglutinação , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Hidrólise , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Imunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Soroalbumina Bovina/metabolismo , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: We have investigated the deterioration of cardiovascular reflexes in Parkinson's disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a group of 20 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and in a group of 10 age-matched control subjects a battery of cardiovascular reflex (CVR) tests (Valsalva manoeuvre, deep breathing test, handgrip test, orthostatic test) was repeated after 3 years. RESULTS: In PD patients at deep breathing test, at Valsalva manoeuvre and at orthostatic test the heart rate response decreased significantly (P<0.05). The impairment of systolic and diastolic blood pressure response at orthostatic test was significant as well (P < 0.005). At hand grip test no significant changes in heart rate and blood pressure response were found. In control subjects only heart rate response at orthostatic test decreased significantly after 3 years. CONCLUSION: Our results show progression of an impairment of sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the cardiovascular functions in patients with PD over a period of 3 years.