Recent advances in synthesis, characterization of hydroxyapatite/polyurethane composites and study of their biocompatible properties.

The development of engineered biomaterials that mimic bone tissues is a promising research area that benefits from a growing interest. Polymers and polymer-ceramic composites are the principle materials investigated for the development of synthetic bone scaffolds thanks to their proven biocompatibility and biostability. Several polymers have been combined with calcium phosphates (mainly hydroxyapatite) to prepare nanocomposites with improved biocompatible and mechanical properties. Here, we report the hydrothermal synthesis in high pressure conditions of nanostructured composites based on hydroxyapatite and polyurethane functionalized with carboxyl and thiol groups. Cell-material interactions were investigated for potential applications of these new types of composites as coating for orthopedic implants. Physical-chemical and morphological characteristics of hydroxyapatite/polyurethane composites were evaluated for different compositions, showing their dependence on synthesis parameters (pressure, temperature). In vitro experiments, performed to verify if these composites are biocompatible cell culture substrates, showed that they are not toxic and do not affect cell viability.

Usnic acid-loaded biocompatible magnetic PLGA-PVA microsphere thin films fabricated by MAPLE with increased resistance to staphylococcal colonization.

Due to their persistence and resistance to the current therapeutic approaches, Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-associated infections represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the hospital environment. Since (+)-usnic acid (UA), a secondary lichen metabolite, possesses antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive cocci, including S. aureus, the aim of this study was to load magnetic polylactic-co-glycolic acid-polyvinyl alcohol (PLGA-PVA) microspheres with UA, then to obtain thin coatings using matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation and to quantitatively assess the capacity of the bio-nano-active modified surface to control biofilm formation by S. aureus, using a culture-based assay. The UA-loaded microspheres inhibited both the initial attachment of S. aureus to the coated surfaces, as well as the development of mature biofilms. In vitro bioevalution tests performed on the fabricated thin films revealed great biocompatibility, which may endorse them as competitive candidates for the development of improved non-toxic surfaces resistant to S. aureus colonization and as scaffolds for stem cell cultivation and tissue engineering.