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1.
Scand J Med Sci Sports ; 28(2): 613-620, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28759130

RESUMO

Independently, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), C-reactive protein (CRP), and leukocyte count have been shown to predict cancer death. Little is known about the joint impact of CRF and prediagnostic markers of inflammation, particularly leukocyte count and CRP, and their prognostic value with cancer death. The aim of this study was to explore the association between prediagnostic inflammatory markers and CRF with cancer mortality. A population-based cohort of 2270 men from Eastern Finland with no cancer history at baseline participated in the study. CRP, leukocyte count, and CRF data were among the measures collected at baseline. Blood leukocyte count was measured with a cell counter, and serum CRP concentrations were measured using an immunometric assay. The highest value or plateau of directly measured oxygen consumption by a respiratory gas analyzer during an incremental exercise test to exhaustion was used to describe CRF. Over an average follow-up of 22 years, 272 cases of cancer mortality occurred. In a multivariate model, the joint impact of high leukocyte count (>5.40 × 109 /L) and low CRF (VO2 max < 30.08 mL kg-1  min-1 ) had a 1.85-fold (95% CI 1.30-2.63, P < .01) increased risk for cancer death compared to men with low leukocyte count (<5.40 × 109 /L) and high CRF (VO2 max > 30.08 mL kg-1  min-1 ). The joint impact of CRP and CRF shared no association with cancer mortality in a multivariate model. The joint impact of high leukocyte count and low CRF increases risk for cancer death, suggesting it is a better predictor of cancer death compared to the joint impact of CRP and CRF.


Assuntos
Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Inflamação/sangue , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Biomarcadores/sangue , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Teste de Esforço , Finlândia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Consumo de Oxigênio
2.
J Hum Nutr Diet ; 30(4): 506-514, 2017 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28699199

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The associations of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with metabolic syndrome have been poorly explored. We investigated the associations of the serum n-6 PUFA and the activities of enzymes involved in the PUFA metabolism, delta-5-desaturase (D5D) and delta-6-desaturase (D6D) with risk of incident metabolic syndrome. We also investigated whether zinc, a cofactor for these enzymes, modifies these associations. METHODS: A prospective follow-up study was conducted on 661 men who were aged 42-60 years old at baseline in 1984-1989 and who were re-examined in 1998-2001. RESULTS: Men in the highest versus the lowest serum total omega-6 PUFA tertile had a 70% lower multivariate-adjusted risk of incident metabolic syndrome [odds ratio (OR) = 0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.18-0.51, Ptrend < 0.001]. Inverse associations were also observed for linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and D5D activity. By contrast, men in the highest tertile of D6D activity had an 84% higher risk (OR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.15-2.94, Ptrend = 0.008). Similar associations were observed with many of the metabolic syndrome components at the re-examinations. Most associations were attenuated after adjustment for body mass index. Finally, the associations of D6D and LA were stronger among those with a higher serum zinc concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Higher serum total n-6 PUFA, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid concentrations and D5D activity were associated with a lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome and higher D6D activity was associated with a higher risk. The role of zinc also needs to be investigated in other populations.


Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Dessaturases/sangue , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/sangue , Linoleoil-CoA Desaturase/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Zinco/sangue , Adulto , Glicemia/metabolismo , Índice de Massa Corporal , Dessaturase de Ácido Graxo Delta-5 , Dieta , Ácidos Graxos/sangue , Finlândia/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Insulina/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Triglicerídeos/sangue
3.
Public Health ; 138: 12-25, 2016 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27207725

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Observational studies on the association of chronic hepatitis C with coronary atherosclerosis have shown varying results and previous related reviews have been inconclusive. By careful outcome classification and further data syntheses, we aimed to clarify current evidence on the association between hepatitis C infection and coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS: Through systematic searches of PubMed and Scopus, related published observational studies were identified. These were narrowed by review of abstract, full review and quality assessment to yield eligible studies. These were used in qualitative and quantitative syntheses. RESULTS: The initial search identified 274 unique publications, which were narrowed to 15 by means of preliminary reviews, and narrowed further to 10 by quality assessment. The endpoints assessed varied, representing different attributes of the disease. The 10 studies were used in the subsequent meta-analyses. The risk of a person with chronic hepatitis C developing coronary atherosclerosis is about triple the risk in uninfected persons (OR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.99-4.72). Coronary atherosclerosis in persons with chronic hepatitis C is also more severe. The pooled risk of coronary atherosclerosis-related events in persons with chronic hepatitis C was null (OR = 1.10 95% CI = 0.80-1.52). CONCLUSION: The current evidence indicates that hepatitis C virus or factors associated with HCV infection are apparently associated with increased risk of occurrence of coronary atherosclerosis and probably, increased severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Evidence of association with coronary atherosclerosis-related events is yet indeterminate.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Hepatite C Crônica/epidemiologia , Humanos , Risco
4.
J Intern Med ; 270(6): 589-96, 2011 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21801244

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A slow heart rate recovery (HRR) after an exercise test is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in asymptomatic individuals, but the data regarding additional prognostic information provided by HRR beyond other exercise test variables are inconsistent. We investigated the prognostic significance of HRR for premature death, particularly in relation to other exercise test variables. METHODS: The study subjects were a representative population-based sample of 1102 men (42-61 years of age) without cardiovascular disease, cancer or diabetes. HRR was defined as the difference between maximal HR and HR 2 min after a maximal symptom-limited exercise test using a cycle ergometer. The association between HRR and premature mortality was examined with Cox regression models. RESULTS: During an average follow-up of 18 years, 238 deaths occurred. HRR was an independent predictor of death [for a decrease of 12 beats min(-1) , relative risk (RR) 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.33, P = 0.02] after adjustment for age and established risk factors. When added in a Cox model with chronotropic response (decrease of 12 beats min(-1) , RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.93-1.27, P = 0.26) or cardiorespiratory fitness (decrease of 12 beats min(-1) , RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.98-1.30, P = 0.08), the association between a slow HRR and an increased risk of death was clearly weaker. CONCLUSION: A slow 2-min HRR after a cycle ergometer exercise test was an independent predictor of death in healthy middle-aged men after accounting for demographic and clinical characteristics. However, it was no longer predictive after accounting for chronotropic response and exercise capacity.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Tolerância ao Exercício/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Mortalidade Prematura , Adulto , Causas de Morte , Estudos de Coortes , Teste de Esforço/normas , Finlândia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais
5.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis ; 21(2): 144-9, 2011 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19836217

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The role of dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) in coronary heart disease (CHD) is unclear. Our aim was to study the association between the dietary GI and GL and the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS AND RESULTS: The study population consisted of 1981 Finnish men from the prospective population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor (KIHD) Study, aged 42-60 years and free of CHD at baseline. During an average follow-up time of 16.1 years, 376 new AMI events occurred. In multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, the relative risk (RR) for AMI in the highest quartile of GI was 1.25 (95% CI: 0.92-1.69; P for trend=0.08) and for GL 1.11 (95% CI: 0.79-1.57; P for trend=0.21) when compared with the lowest quartile. For overweight (BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m²) men, the multivariable-adjusted RR for AMI in the highest compared to the lowest tertile of GI and GL were 1.58 (95% CI: 1.03-2.43; P for trend=0.04, P for interaction=0.01) and 2.05 (95% CI: 1.30-3.23; P for trend=0.002, P for interaction=0.002), respectively. For physically less active men; energy expenditure for leisure-time physical activity < 50 kcal/d, the RR for AMI was 1.72 (95% CI: 1.07-2.76; P for trend=0.04, P for interaction 0.80) with higher GL. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that both high dietary GI and GL are associated with increased risk of AMI among overweight and GL possibly among less physically active men.


Assuntos
Dieta , Carboidratos da Dieta/análise , Índice Glicêmico , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/metabolismo , Doença Aguda , Glicemia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Finlândia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atividade Motora , Análise Multivariada , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Fatores de Risco
6.
J Nutr Health Aging ; 22(1): 159-164, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29300436

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Low concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] have been postulated to associate with an increased prevalence of depression. As there are a limited number of publications on this issue, we examined the association between serum 25(OH)D and depression in a general middle-aged or older population. DESIGN: A population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1602 men and women from the population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (KIHD) in Eastern Finland, aged 53-73 y in 1998-2001, were analysed. MEASUREMENTS: Depressive symptoms were assessed with the DSM-III depression scale, and those individuals who had scores over 4 (range 0-12) or had reported undergoing current antidepressant therapy, were considered as suffering from depression. Associations were estimated in serum 25(OH)D tertiles using logistic regression. RESULTS: Among the participants, 183 subjects (11.4%) were considered to have depression. The mean age of the subjects was 62.6 years (SD 6.4, range 53.4-73.8 years). The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 43.8 nmol/L (SD 17.7, range 8.5-112.8 nmol/L), concentrations <50 nmol/L were observed in 65.0% of the subjects, and only 5.0% displayed concentrations ≥75 nmol/L. After multivariable adjustments, the odds ratios for having depression in the tertiles (from highest to the lowest) of serum 25(OH)D were 1, 1.35 (95 % CI: 0.87, 2.09) and 1.64 (95 % CI: 1.03, 2.59), P for trend=0.036. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that a lower concentration of serum 25(OH)D is associated with a higher prevalence of depression in an elderly general population.


Assuntos
Depressão/sangue , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/diagnóstico , Feminino , Finlândia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Vitamina D/sangue
7.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; 70(8): 963-9, 2016 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27071511

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but little is known about their association with natriuretic peptides (NPs), a marker for CVD risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of serum n-3 and n-6 PUFAs with NPs. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of the association between serum n-3 and n-6 PUFAs with plasma N-terminal atrial (NT-proANP) and brain (NT-proBNP) NPs in a population-based sample of 985 men aged 46-65 years from Eastern Finland. RESULTS: After adjustment for age and examination year, only serum n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) was inversely associated with NT-proANP (P-trend across quartiles=0.02), but further adjustments for conventional risk factors (body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and history of CVD) attenuated the association (P-trend=0.10). The associations with the other PUFAs were not statistically significant. Among the PUFAs, only serum n-3 PUFA docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; P-trend=0.03) and ARA (P-trend=0.02) had inverse associations with NT-proBNP after adjustment for age and examination years. The associations were again attenuated after further adjustments but remained statistically significant for DPA (P-trend=0.05). Our results also suggested that the inverse associations may be more evident among those using beta-blockers. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests little overall impact of serum n-3 or n-6 PUFAs on plasma NPs.


Assuntos
Fator Natriurético Atrial/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/sangue , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/sangue , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Precursores de Proteínas/sangue , Idoso , Ácidos Araquidônicos/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/sangue , Finlândia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco
8.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; 70(8): 970-5, 2016 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27071510

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Fish intake and the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in fish have been suggested to lower the risk of cognitive decline. We assessed whether serum long-chain omega-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are associated with performance on neuropsychological tests in an older population and whether exposure to methylmercury, mainly from fish, or apolipoprotein-E4 (Apo-E4) phenotype can modify the associations. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 768 participants from the population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study were included. Cognitive function was measured using five neuropsychological tests: the Trail Making Test, the Verbal Fluency Test, the Selective Reminding Test, the Visual Reproduction Test and the Mini Mental State Exam. Multivariate-adjusted analysis of covariance and linear regression were used to analyze the cross-sectional associations. RESULTS: We found statistically significant associations between serum EPA+DPA+DHA and better performance in the Trail Making Test and the Verbal Fluency Test. The individual associations with EPA and DHA were similar with the findings with EPA+DPA+DHA, although the associations with DHA were stronger. No associations were observed with serum DPA. Pubic hair mercury content was associated only with a worse performance in the Trail Making Test, and mercury had only little impact on the associations between the serum PUFAs and cognitive performance. Apo-E4 phenotype did not modify the associations with PUFAs or mercury. CONCLUSIONS: Higher serum long-chain omega-3 PUFA concentrations were associated with better performance on neuropsychological tests of frontal lobe functioning in older men and women. Mercury exposure or Apo-E4 phenotype had little impact on cognitive performance.


Assuntos
Cognição/fisiologia , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/sangue , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/sangue , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/sangue , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Apolipoproteína E4/análise , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Finlândia , Peixes , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Cabelo/química , Humanos , Masculino , Mercúrio/análise , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Isquemia Miocárdica/etiologia , Isquemia Miocárdica/psicologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Fatores de Risco , Alimentos Marinhos/análise
9.
Circulation ; 100(12): 1274-9, 1999 Sep 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10491370

RESUMO

Background-Homozygosity for a relatively common Cys282Tyr mutation of the human hemochromatosis-associated (HFE) gene was recently found to account for most cases of hereditary hemochromatosis. Because excess iron has been postulated to enhance risk of vascular disease, we studied whether occurrence of this mutation was associated with increased risk of first acute myocardial infarction in healthy middle-aged men in a prospective cohort study. Methods and Results-Study subjects were the 1150 participants in the population-based Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (KIHD), aged 42, 48, 54, or 60 years at baseline, who had no coronary heart disease at baseline and for whom a DNA sample was available. Information about myocardial infarctions was collected prospectively by use of FINMONICA (FINnish MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease study) and hospital data. Events were classified by MONICA (MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease study) diagnostic criteria. The HFE Cys282Tyr mutation was assayed by a solid-phase minisequencing technique. One subject was homozygous and 76 individuals were heterozygous for the HFE Cys282Tyr mutation (6.7%). During a mean follow-up of 9 years, 8 (10.4%) of 77 carriers and 60 (5.6%) of 1073 noncarriers experienced an acute myocardial infarction. In a Cox proportional hazards model allowing for the other strongest risk factors, the carriers had a 2.3-fold (95% CI 1. 1 to 4.8; P=0.03) risk of acute myocardial infarction compared with noncarriers. Conclusions-Male carriers of the common hemochromatosis gene mutation are at 2-fold risk for first acute myocardial infarction compared with noncarriers.


Assuntos
Antígenos HLA/genética , Hemocromatose/genética , Heterozigoto , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , Proteínas de Membrana , Infarto do Miocárdio/genética , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Finlândia , Proteína da Hemocromatose , Humanos , Ferro/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco
10.
Stroke ; 36(4): 820-4, 2005 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15705936

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Low maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) has been shown to predict the risk of stroke. However, VO2max does not take into account the differences in cardiac afterload between subjects. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of exercise cardiac power (ECP), defined as a ratio of VO2max with peak systolic blood pressure (SBP) during exercise, with the risk for stroke. METHODS: Population-based cohort study with an average follow-up of 12 years from eastern Finland. A total of 1761 men with no history of stroke or coronary heart disease at baseline participated. Among these men, 91 strokes occurred, of which 69 were attributable to ischemic causes. RESULTS: The relative risk of any stroke in men with low ECP (<10.3 mL/mm Hg) was 2.7 (95% CI, 1.2 to 6.0; P=0.01; P=0.02 for the trend across the quartiles), and the relative risk for ischemic stroke was 2.7 (95% CI, 1.1 to 7.0; P=0.03; P=0.04 for trend across the quartiles) compared with men having high ECP (>14.3 mL/mm Hg) during exercise after adjusting for age, examination year, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, diabetes, serum total cholesterol level, energy expenditure of physical activity, exercise-induced myocardial ischemia, and the use of antihypertensive medication. After further adjustment for resting SBP, results were statistically nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS: Low ECP provides noninvasive and easily available measure for stroke risk. One of the most potential explanations for the association between ECP and the increased risk of stroke is an elevated afterload and peripheral resistance indicated by elevated SBP.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Isquemia Encefálica , Estudos de Coortes , Teste de Esforço , Tolerância ao Exercício , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Aptidão Física , Estudos Prospectivos , Risco , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fumar , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/patologia
11.
J Am Coll Cardiol ; 38(1): 72-9, 2001 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11451298

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the prognostic significance of exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia in both high and low risk men with no prior coronary heart disease (CHD). BACKGROUND: Silent ischemia predicts future coronary events in patients with CHD, but there is little evidence of its prognostic significance in subjects free of CHD. METHODS: We investigated the association of silent ischemia, as defined by ST depression during and after maximal symptom-limited exercise test, with coronary risk in a population-based sample of men with no prior CHD followed for 10 years on average. RESULTS: Silent ischemia during exercise was associated with a 5.9-fold (95% CI 2.3 to 11.8) CHD mortality in smokers, 3.8-fold (95% CI 1.9 to 7.9) in hypercholesterolemic men and 4.7-fold (95% CI 2.4 to 9.1) in hypertensive men adjusting for other risk factors. The respective relative risks (RRs) of any acute coronary event were 3.0 (95% CI 1.7 to 5.1), 1.9 (95% CI 1.2 to 3.1) and 2.2 (95% CI 1.4 to 3.5). These associations were weaker in men without these risk factors. Furthermore, silent ischemia after exercise was a stronger predictor for the risk of acute coronary events and CHD death in smokers and in hypercholesterolemic and hypertensive men than in men without risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia was a strong predictor of CHD in men with any conventional risk factor, emphasizing the importance of exercise testing to identify asymptomatic high risk men who could benefit from risk reduction and preventive measures.


Assuntos
Doença das Coronárias/epidemiologia , Exercício Físico , Isquemia Miocárdica/epidemiologia , Eletrocardiografia , Teste de Esforço , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco
12.
J Am Coll Cardiol ; 37(6): 1516-22, 2001 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11345359

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to study whether an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the alpha2B-adrenoceptor gene is associated with the risk for cardiovascular diseases. BACKGROUND: alpha2-adrenoceptors mediate contraction of vascular smooth muscle and induce coronary vasoconstriction in humans. The alpha2-adrenoceptor subtype B mediates vasoconstriction in mice. A variant of the human alpha2B-adrenoceptor gene that encodes a D of three residues in an intracellular acidic motif has been shown to confer decreased receptor desensitization. This receptor variant could, therefore, be involved in diseases associated with enhanced vasoconstriction. METHODS: This study was part of a prospective population-based study investigating risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in a cohort of middle-aged men from eastern Finland. Nine hundred twelve men aged 46 to 64 years were followed for an average time of 4.5 years. RESULTS: In this study population, 192 men (21%) had the D/D genotype; 256 (28%) had the I/I genotype, and 464 (51%) had a heterozygous genotype. In a Cox model adjusting for other coronary risk factors, men with the D/D genotype had 2.2 times (95% confidence interval: 1.1 to 4.4, p = 0.02) the risk to experience an acute coronary event (n = 15 for D/D, 10 for I/I and 12 for I/D) compared with men carrying either of the other two genotypes. The alpha2B-adrenoceptor genotype was not associated with hypertension in this study population. CONCLUSIONS: The D/D genotype of the alpha2B-adrenoceptor is a novel genetic risk factor for acute coronary events, but not for hypertension.


Assuntos
Doença das Coronárias/genética , Deleção de Genes , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Mutagênese Insercional/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 2/genética , Análise de Variância , Pressão Sanguínea , Doença das Coronárias/sangue , Doença das Coronárias/classificação , Doença das Coronárias/epidemiologia , Finlândia/epidemiologia , Genes Recessivos/genética , Triagem de Portadores Genéticos , Genótipo , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância da População , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida
13.
Diabetes Care ; 20(3): 426-8, 1997 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9051399

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To study if there is an association between mildly elevated body iron and glucose homeostasis indexes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional population study was conducted in 1,013 middle-aged men, and an association of serum ferritin with concentrations of serum insulin, blood glucose, and serum fructosamine was tested. RESULTS: The mean concentration of fasting serum insulin was 21.6% higher (95% CI 7.3-37.9%, P < 0.001) in the 5th quintile of serum ferritin compared with the 1st quintile. The elevation in blood glucose was 6.1% (95% CI 2.3-9.9%, P < 0.001) and in serum fructosamine 3.9% (1.5-6.9%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Mildly elevated body iron stores are associated with statistically significant elevations in glucose homeostasis indexes.


Assuntos
Glicemia/análise , Ferritinas/sangue , Insulina/sangue , Adulto , Glicemia/metabolismo , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus/etiologia , Jejum , Ferritinas/metabolismo , Finlândia , Seguimentos , Frutosamina/sangue , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Homeostase , Humanos , Insulina/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
14.
J Nutr Health Aging ; 19(5): 498-503, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25923477

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the associations of serum long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and hair mercury with future blood pressure in an ageing population. DESIGN: Prospective study with baseline measurements in 1998-2001 and follow-up measurements in 2005-2008. The linear relationships (ß) of baseline serum fatty acids and hair mercury with future systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were analyzed with multiple linear regression models, using log-transformed values. PARTICIPANTS: 181 men and 200 women aged 53-73 y from the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (KIHD) population in Eastern Finland, who were free of cardiovascular disease, diabetes or hypertension at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: Total serum esterified and nonesterified fatty acids and pubic hair mercury were used as markers for exposure. Anthropometric and other lifestyle and health-related data were collected. RESULTS: The mean serum concentrations were 1.67% (SD 0.92) for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 0.79% (SD 0.16) for docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and 2.78 (SD 0.92) for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), of all serum fatty acids. The mean hair mercury concentration was 1.5 µg/g (SD 1.6). We did not find statistically significant associations between the baseline serum long-chain omega-3 PUFA concentrations or hair mercury content and future blood pressure. Hair mercury did not modify the associations with the long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, either. CONCLUSIONS: Higher serum long-chain omega-3 PUFA concentration, a biomarker of fish or fish oil consumption, may not have an impact on future blood pressure in an ageing population.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/sangue , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/sangue , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/química , Idoso , Animais , Dieta , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/sangue , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/sangue , Esterificação , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/sangue , Feminino , Finlândia , Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagem , Peixes , Cabelo/química , Humanos , Masculino , Mercúrio/análise , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Pulso Arterial
15.
Stroke ; 34(7): 1760-5, 2003 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12829872

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are few if any data on the prognostic importance of silent myocardial ischemia during exercise with regard to the risk of stroke and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among asymptomatic men. In this prospective study, we investigated the relation of silent myocardial ischemia and the risk of stroke and CVD death in men with and without conventional risk factors. METHODS: The study sample included 1726 middle-aged men with no history of stroke, coronary heart disease, or atrial fibrillation at baseline. Silent myocardial ischemia was defined as a horizontal or downsloping ST-segment depression (>or=1 mm) during exercise electrocardiography. A total of 86 CVD-related deaths and 78 strokes occurred during an average follow-up of 10 years. RESULTS: Men with silent ischemia during exercise had a 3.5-fold increased risk of CVD death and a 2.2-fold increased risk of stroke compared with men without silent ischemia, after adjusting for conventional risk factors. Silent ischemia during exercise was associated with a 3.8-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 9.5) increased risk for CVD in smokers, a 3.9-fold (95% CI, 2.1 to 7.3) increased risk in hypercholesterolemic subjects, a 3.6-fold (95% CI, 1.9 to 6.8) increased risk in the hypertensives, and 3.8-fold (95% CI, 2.0 to 7.1) increased risk in overweight men. The respective relative risks for stroke were 3.8 (95% CI, 1.1 to 12.5), 3.5 (95% CI, 1.7 to 7.4), 3.4 (95% CI, 1.6 to 7.1), and 2.9 (95% CI, 1.4 to 6.1). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia is an important indicator of increased risk of stroke and CVD in men with other risk factors, such as smoking, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and being overweight.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Eletrocardiografia , Tolerância ao Exercício , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia , Comorbidade , Teste de Esforço , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Isquemia Miocárdica/diagnóstico , Isquemia Miocárdica/epidemiologia , Isquemia Miocárdica/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fumar/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologia
16.
Stroke ; 33(6): 1568-73, 2002 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12052992

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are no prospective studies to determine whether plasma vitamin C modifies the risk of stroke among hypertensive and overweight individuals. We sought to examine whether plasma vitamin C modifies the association between overweight and hypertension and the risk of stroke in middle-aged men from eastern Finland. METHODS: We conducted a 10.4-year prospective population-based cohort study of 2419 randomly selected middle-aged men (42 to 60 years) with no history of stroke at baseline examination. A total of 120 men developed a stroke, of which 96 were ischemic and 24 hemorrhagic strokes. RESULTS: Men with the lowest levels of plasma vitamin C (<28.4 micromol/L, lowest quarter) had a 2.4-fold (95% CI, 1.4 to 4.3; P=0.002) risk of any stroke compared with men with highest levels of plasma vitamin C (>64.96 micromol/L, highest quarter) after adjustment for age and examination months. An additional adjustment for body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking, alcohol consumption, serum total cholesterol, diabetes, and exercise-induced myocardial ischemia attenuated the association marginally (relative risk, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.8; P=0.01). Adjustment for prevalent coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation did not attenuate the association any further. Furthermore, hypertensive men with the lowest vitamin C levels (<28.4 micromol/L) had a 2.6-fold risk (95% CI, 1.52 to 4.48; P<0.001), and overweight men (> or =25 kg/m2) with low plasma vitamin C had a 2.7-fold risk (95% CI, 1.48 to 4.90; P=0.001) for any stroke after adjustment for age, examination months, and other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Low plasma vitamin C was associated with increased risk of stroke, especially among hypertensive and overweight men.


Assuntos
Ácido Ascórbico/sangue , Hipertensão/sangue , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/sangue , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Isquemia Encefálica/sangue , Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiologia , Hemorragia Cerebral/sangue , Hemorragia Cerebral/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Demografia , Finlândia/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Risco , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia
17.
FEBS Lett ; 443(2): 163-6, 1999 Jan 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9989597

RESUMO

In the present study, we assessed the strongest determinants of plasma coenzyme Q10 (Qm10) in 518 men and women (aged 45-70 years) with a stepwise multivariate regression model. Male gender (P<0.001), serum cholesterol (P<0.001), serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (P<0.001), serum triglycerides (P< 0.001), age (P=0.017) and 4-day alcohol consumption (P=0.03) were the most important factors which were directly associated with plasma Q10). The intensity of conditioning exercise (P=0.03) and use of statins (P<0.05) showed an inverse association with plasma Q10. None of the assessed nutrients increased plasma Q10 levels significantly. Our results suggest that many confounding factors, in addition to serum cholesterol and triglycerides, should be taken into account when the role of plasma Q10 is examined in epidemiological research.


Assuntos
Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Idoso , Coenzimas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pós-Menopausa , Valores de Referência , Ubiquinona/sangue
18.
Atherosclerosis ; 159(1): 145-51, 2001 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11689216

RESUMO

A rather common leucine7-to-proline7 (Leu7Pro) polymorphism in the preproneuropeptide Y (prepro-NPY) gene signal peptide may be important in blood pressure regulation, cholesterol metabolism and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in humans. We examined the associations of the Leu7Pro polymorphism with carotid atherosclerotic progression, blood pressure and serum lipids in a population-based sample of 966 men aged 42-60 years in Finland. The Pro7 substitution (carrier frequency 12.2%) was associated with accelerated four-year increase in the mean (P=0.01) and maximal (P=0.007) common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and with slightly increased systolic (P=0.03) and diastolic (P=0.02) blood pressures, adjusted for other major risk factors. Men with Pro7 substitution had 30.6% (95% CI 6.9-54.0%) greater increase in the mean IMT and 20.0% (95% CI 5.3-34.4%) greater increase in the maximal IMT than men with Leu7/Leu7 genotype. The Pro7 substitution was also related to increased serum total cholesterol (P=0.01) and LDL cholesterol (P=0.02) in obese (body mass index (BMI)>30 kg/m(2)) men. This study provides important evidence suggesting that the Pro7 substitution in the prepro-NPY is an important risk factor for accelerated atherosclerotic progression, increased blood pressure and increased serum cholesterol in humans.


Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/genética , Leucina/genética , Lipídeos/sangue , Neuropeptídeo Y/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Prolina/genética , Precursores de Proteínas/genética , Adulto , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/sangue , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/fisiopatologia , Progressão da Doença , Finlândia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco
19.
J Hypertens ; 19(12): 2149-55, 2001 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11725157

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Several recent studies have indicated that a C825T polymorphism in the gene encoding the G-protein beta3 subunit is a significant risk factor for hypertension and obesity. In this study, we tested whether this polymorphism is associated with hypertension and obesity in white men. DESIGN: Population-based prospective cohort study. METHODS: We followed a cohort of 903 men, aged 42-61 years at baseline, for an average time of 4.2 years. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The genotype distribution was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: 514 (57%) had the CC genotype, 49 (5%) had the TT genotype and 340 (38%) were heterozygous (T:C = 0.24:0.76). There was no statistically significant difference between the genotype groups in respect to baseline and end of follow-up risk for hypertension or obesity, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, or body mass index. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the C825T polymorphism of the G-protein beta3 subunit gene does not notably contribute to the development of hypertension or obesity, and is not a significant determinant for blood pressure and body mass index in white men.


Assuntos
Predisposição Genética para Doença , Proteínas Heterotriméricas de Ligação ao GTP/genética , Hipertensão/genética , Obesidade/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adulto , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Pressão Sanguínea , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Coortes , Genótipo , Humanos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/patologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética
20.
Am J Med Genet ; 93(2): 117-21, 2000 Jul 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10869113

RESUMO

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays an important role in the hypothalamic regulation of food intake and energy balance. According to recent findings in animals, NPY also seems to be a potent regulator of alcohol consumption. We used the recently identified Leu(7) to Pro(7) polymorphism in the signal peptide part of NPY to investigate whether the NPY system is associated with alcohol consumption in humans. The subjects (N = 889) were an ethnically homogeneous, nonselected population sample of middle-aged men from Eastern Finland. The gene variant producing Pro(7) substitution was associated with a 34% higher average alcohol consumption, even after adjustment for a number of covariates (P = 0.03). The proportion of heavy drinkers (over 230 g of ethanol/week) was also somewhat higher in this group (13.1% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.10). Our study provides the first evidence that alcohol preference in humans is likely to be regulated by the NPY system.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Neuropeptídeo Y/genética , Adulto , Substituição de Aminoácidos , DNA/genética , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Finlândia , Genótipo , Humanos , Leucina/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo Genético , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Prolina/genética , Precursores de Proteínas/genética , Sinais Direcionadores de Proteínas/genética
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