Review on Retinal Gliosis Illustrated with a Series of Massive Glioses and Focal Nodular Gliosis Cases in Regard to Potential Pitfalls of Ocular Reactive Tumor-like Lesions of this Type.

This paper presents a review on retinal gliosis illustrated by series of three cases of patients (a 39-year-old man and a 35-year-old woman with massive retinal gliosis (MRG) and a 51-year-old man with truly focal nodular gliosis of retina) with intraocular tumor-like masses and loss of vision, who recently suffered from painful inflammation of eyeball and who classically had a history of remote ocular trauma, onset of blindness early in lifetime or gradual but progressive loss of sight. The diagnosis of this pathological entity is given for the lesions that are composed of GFAP strongly positive, elongated, fusiform cells consistent with fibrillary astrocytes. As illustrated in cases from our pathological practice, PAS gave positive patchy disseminated reaction in form of cellular densely purplish granules in minority of cells representing glycogen storing. This feature could be consistent with PAS-positive Müller cells that also constitute retinal gliosis as one of cellular components of normal retina that is induced to reactive proliferation. Thus, the paper presents histological background and differential diagnosis of the entity.

[Rate of liver fibrosis progression among patients with chronic hepatitis C in Poland]. / Tempo postepu wlóknienia watroby u chorych z przewleklym zapaleniem watroby typu C w Polsce.

AIM: To assess the rate of liver fibrosis (RLF) among previously untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and to identify predictors of rapid progression to cirrhosis in this group. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Medical records of 337 consecutive patients with biopsy proven CHC (anti-HCV and HCVRNA positive; F/M: 153/184; mean age at biopsy: 43 +/- 14 years) and with known probable age at infection have been analysed. There were no intravenous drug users among the patients. HBsAg--and HIV-positive subjects as well as those with other concomitant liver disease were excluded from the analysis. The RLF was defined as the ratio between fibrosis stage (scored 0-6 units [U] according to Ishak's criteria, with 6 representing established cirrhosis) and the duration of HCV infection (in years). The RLF was analysed in relation to the age at infection, sex, route of transmission, alcohol abuse, past HBV infection, acute hepatitis history, HCV genotype and hepatic steatosis. Based on published data, a patient with RLF > or = 0.3 U/yr (cirrhosis up to 20 years after HCV infection) was arbitrarily defined as a rapid progressor. Both uni- and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: The mean RLF was 0.14 +/- 0.17 U/yr (range 0-0.83) and the expected mean duration from infection to cirrhosis was 43 years. In multivariate analysis the only independent factors associated with an increase in RLF were the older age at infection and alcohol abuse (both with p < 0.0001). 58 [17.2%] patients were rapid progressors and the same factors as mentioned above have been independent predictors of cirrhosis up to 20 years after infection. There were as much as 55.5% of rapid progressors among alcohol abusers infected in the age over 30 and only 1.9% among non-alcoholic patients infected in the age up to 30 years. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that natural course of CHC in Poland is similar to other regions of the world. HCV-related liver disease progression is accelerated among alcohol abusers and infected in older age. In contrast, risk of cirrhosis seems to be minimal among non-alcoholic patients infected before the age of 30.