[Informational function of heart and its apply if diagnostics of medical disease].

Biophysical properties of the electric, magnetic and hydrodynamic impulses generated by the heart suggest the existence of the informational function of the heart: the ability to apply impulses across the body; probable variability of their main parameters, the presence in the heart of the amplitude and frequency-phase modulation carries the information into the cardiosignls. The main tenets of the theory of information functions of the heart are implemented in the technology of informational analysis of electrocardiosignals based on encoding--transformation of the probable variability of parameters electrocardiosignals into the code text. Specific sets of combinations of symbols of norm and rules of internal diseases were indentified. On their basis diagnostic systems which let to diagnose the most common diseases of internal organs were tested. Practical recommendations for the use of diagnostic systems in medical practice are given.

[Informational function of heart].

The facts, testifying that electric, magnetic and hydrodynamic impulses generated by heart can be information carriers in human organism, are represented in the article. The conclusion about presence in the heart a modulation mechanism transforming cardiac impulses to signals according to filling information, and about presence structural elements accepting these signals, made by the author. Informational analysis technology based on transformation of space-time electric cardiac dynamics to pattern is proposed. First experience of the use of this technology for internal organs diseases diagnostics is obtained. A new computer diagnostic system for preliminary diagnostics of latent or preclinical diseases has been developed.

[Morphometric characteristics of fundal glands of the stomach in duodenal ulcer and pre-ulcer condition]. / Morfometricheskaia kharakteristika fundal'nykh zhelez zheludka u bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishik i s pred'iazvennym sostoianiem.

Biopsy material was used for morphometric study of the fundal glands in 114 patients with duodenal ulcers, 177 patients with various forms of gastroduodenal pathology but with typical signs of duodenal ulcer, and in 21 normal subjects. Three variants of the increase in the amount of secretory elements of the fundal glands were found: owing to an increase in the number of main cells (first variant), main and parietal cells (second variant), and parietal cells (third variant). These changes in the fundal glands are not specific for ulcer and pre-ulcer conditions, they are observed in normal subjects with constitutional hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsin. The patients with duodenal ulcer and pre-ulcer conditions are characterized by "hyper-pepsinogenic shift" in the epithelial formula of the fundal gland (45% and 31-38%, respectively) owing to an increase in the number of main cells.

[Method of histochemical identification of endocrine cells of the gastric and duodenal mucosa]. / K metodike gistokhimicheskoi identifikatsii éndokrinnykh kletok slizistoi obolochki zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

A scheme of histochemical identification and morphometry of G-, Ecl- and Ec-cells of the gastric and duodenal mucosa has been developed, tested, and is recommended. It includes the use of silver staining by the methods of Grimelius (1968), Masson-Hamperl, Sevier-Munger, and of diazonium reaction with diazol pink "O". The methods are described with additions and modifications of the authors which increase the effectiveness and validity of the most important stages of their performance.

[Mast cells as a criterion of repair process activity in ulcerative stomach lesions]. / Tuchnye kletki kak kriterii aktivnosti reparativnykh protsessov pri iazvnenykh porazheniiakh zheludka.

Histochemical and morphometric examinations of mast cells were carried out in 215 patients with peptic ulcer and 23 patients with gastric carcinoma. A control group included 30 normal subjects. An increase in the number of mast cells at the edge of the scarring ulcer as compared with that in the surrounding mucous membrane was found. Slowly scarring and callous ulcers are characterized by a significant decrease in the number of mast cells in the edge of the ulcer and beyond the zone of the periulcerous process. A specific feature of carcinoma-ulcer and malignant ulcer was a local (only in the ulcer zone) decrease in the number of mast cells and disappearance of mature granulated cell forms. It is concluded that the histochemical analysis and morphometry of mast cells may be used in the evaluation of the activity of reparative processes as well as in the diagnosis of the slowly scarring ulcer, malignant ulcer, and carcinoma-ulcer.

[The role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the mechanisms of ulcerogenesis]. / Rol' polimorfnoiadernykh leikotsitov v mekhanizmakh ul'tserogeneza.

The functional activity displayed by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PL) of the peripheral blood and gastric mucosa, including ulcer margins, was studied in 50 rabbits with ulcer experimentally induced by the Okabe method and in 25 intact animals. The peripheral blood PLs were found to show substantially increased lysosomal cation proteins (LCP), enhanced alkaline phosphatase and decreased peroxidase activity. The changes in the gastric mucosa, particularly in its damaged area, were characterized by a marked microcirculatory bed response and formation of lymphocytic and, later on, pronounced neutrophilic infiltrates. The tissue PL therewith contained abundance of glycogen and LCP and intensively secreted granules. The maximum of these manifestations as viewed from PL coincided with the ulcer formation period (on days 2-3 of the experiment). When the ulcer had developed, the levels of LCP and glycogen in PL became lower. It was concluded that PL made an important contribution to ulcerogenesis.

[Gastric mucosal mast cells and precancerous states]. / Tuchnye kletki slizistoi obolochki zheludka i predrakovye sostoianiia.

Mast cells of the gastric mucous membrane were assayed in 30 gastric cancer patients and in 190 patients with pretumor lesions of the stomach. For the control 208 patients were taken with functional gastric disturbances, chronic gastroduodenitis, of hypersthenic type, ulcerous disease of the duodenum and 30 practically healthy persons. It was stated that the development of chronic atrophic gastritis with the mucous membrane degeneration of intestinal type, a tendency to malignization of callous and persistently unhealed ulcers are preceded by degradation of mast cells, manifested in their reduction, considerable "rejuvenescence" and practically complete disappearance of mucopolysaccharide saturated mast cells. Analogous changes in mast cells were revealed in the mucous membrane of gastric cancer patients. It is suggested to use the morphometric criteria of mast cells as the criteria of pretumor lesions.

[Prognostic value of studying the cellular immunity in ulcerative lesions of the stomach]. / Prognosticheskaia znachimost' issledovaniia kletochnogo immuniteta pri iazvennykh porazheniiakh zheludka.

Altogether 138 patients with peptic and mediogastral ulcers were examined for cellular immunity. Long before the disease took an unfavourable course marked by frequent relapses and chronic ulcers or the occurrence of ulcer malignancy the patients showed immunodeficiency which correlated with the gravity of the disease clinical manifestations or with the degree of the symptomatology of a complication. At the same time there was a rise of the suppressor activity of T lymphocytes and a reduction in the D lymphocyte count, especially in the patients with gastric ulcer malignancy. It is concluded that the methods of cellular immunity studies should be introduced in medical practice on a broader scale in order to predict the character of the course and complications of gastric ulcers.

[Functiono-morphologic substantiation of the diagnostic value of the atropine test in patients with duodenal ulcer]. / Funktsional'no-morfologicheskoe obosnovanie diagnosticheskoi tsennosti atropinovogo testa u bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

The basal production of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, the level of immunoreactive gastrin-17 in the blood serum and gastric juice, endocrine G-, EcI- and Ec-cells of the gastric mucosa were studied in 42 patients with duodenal peptic ulcer. Patients with a negative atropine test were characterized by a high production of hydrochloric acid, hypergastrinemia, an elevated secretion of gastrin with gastric juice, hyperplasia of G- and EcI-cells. In a positive atropine test these indices were lower with the exception of a great amount of Ec-cells in the antral mucosa. Thus the atropine test reflected the functional-morphological arrangement of the secretory apparatus of the gastric mucosa and was of diagnostic value.

[The diagnostic and prognostic significance of the skin manifestations in patients with pathology of the stomach and duodenum]. / Diagnosticheskoe i prognosticheskoe znachenie nekotorykh kozhnykh proiavlenii u bol'nykh s patologiei zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

The authors provide data on the identification of different skin manifestations on the anterior surface of the legs and rear of the feet in part of patients with gastric and duodenal pathology. In 81% of patients, they may precede manifestation of gastroduodenal abnormalities including ulcer disease. Based on skin alterations in the indicated areas one can work out the examination policy and follow-up of patients with gastric and duodenal pathology and, in some cases, identify the early (preclinical patterns) of the disease.

[Morphologic characteristics of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum in patients with acute complications of gastroduodenal ulcers after surgical procedures]. / Morfologicheskaia kharakteristika slizistykh obolochek zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki u bol'nykh s ostrymi oslozhneniiami gastroduodenal'nykh iazv posle khirurgicheskikh vmeshatel'stv.

Patients with acute complications of gastroduodenal ulcers are characterized by common morphological alterations in mucous membranes of the stomach and duodenum which consisted in higher or normal content of parietal, main and EcI-cells, substantial deficiency of Ec-cells as well as in progressively decreased mucin formation from proximal portions of the stomach to distal ones with its lowest level in the duodenum.

[Morphohistochemical appraisal of the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygenation, cytochrome c, and thymalin in the management of experimental gastric ulcers]. / Morfogistokhimicheskaia otsenka éffektivnosti giperbaricheskoi oksigenatsii, tsitokhroma c i timalina v lechenii éksperimental'nykh iazv zhedudka.

The authors studied the content of xanthine oxidase and the activity of the reparative process in the border of an acetate ulcer after Okabe in 48 rabbits before and during treatment by HBO, cytochrome c, and thymalin. In treatment by HBO and cytochrome c the activity of the enzyme was normalized rapidly, which coincided with cicatrization of the ulcer. In treatment with thymalin xanthinE oxidase activity was not normalized in this period and mucosal inflammation persisted in the zone of ulcer cicatrization.

[Status of the cellular immune system in acutely developing complications of peptic ulcer before and after surgical treatment]. / Sostoianie kletochnoi immunnoi sistemy pri ostro razvivshikhsia oslozhneniiakh iazvennoi bolezni do i posle operativnogo lecheniia.

The ulcer perforation of bleeding can arize against the background of immunodeficiency characterized by decreased T- and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. The immunodeficiency retains after operation and can facilitate a recurrent disease. In the postoperative period it is necessary to control the immune system in order to correct immunodeficiency.