RESUMO
We report the recent emergence of invasive meningococcal disease due to serogroup E in Queensland, Australia, in previously healthy patients. Molecular typing revealed the genotype of these strains to be E:P1.21-7,16:F5-36:ST-1157 (cc1157); when analyzed phylogenetically, compared with international cc1157 strains, they were relatively unrelated to each other.
Assuntos
Infecções Meningocócicas , Neisseria meningitidis , Austrália/epidemiologia , Genômica , Genótipo , Humanos , Infecções Meningocócicas/epidemiologia , Neisseria meningitidis/genética , SorogrupoRESUMO
During a large outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli illness associated with an agricultural show in Australia, we used whole-genome sequencing to detect an IS1203v insertion in the Shiga toxin 2c subunit A gene of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli. Our study showed that clinical illness was mild, and hemolytic uremic syndrome was not detected.
Assuntos
Diarreia/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Escherichia coli O157/genética , Genoma Bacteriano , Toxina Shiga I/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Austrália/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Busca de Comunicante , Diarreia/diagnóstico , Diarreia/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/diagnóstico , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Escherichia coli O157/classificação , Escherichia coli O157/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli O157/patogenicidade , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Cabras/microbiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sorotipagem , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Ovinos/microbiologia , Toxina Shiga I/classificação , Toxina Shiga I/isolamento & purificação , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
We report symptomatic confirmed modified measles infection in a person with one documented MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccination and travel to Indonesia. No secondary cases were identified, consistent with other case reports of modified measles infection. The infectivity of modified measles for contact tracing requirements requires further elucidation.
Assuntos
Vacina contra Sarampo-Caxumba-Rubéola/administração & dosagem , Sarampo/diagnóstico , Caxumba/prevenção & controle , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/prevenção & controle , Vacinação , Adulto , Austrália , Busca de Comunicante , Feminino , Humanos , Indonésia , Sarampo/prevenção & controle , ViagemRESUMO
Vertical transmission from mother-to-child is an important mode of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, accounting for up to half of all incident cases globally. We evaluated the uptake of HBV neonatal vaccination and immunoglobulin delivery in Queensland, Australia, between 2001 and 2013. We identified HBV-positive mothers using linked notifiable conditions, hospitalisation, and perinatal administrative data. Perinatal receipt of monovalent HBV vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin were examined. Of 710,859 live births, with 5753 infants (0.81%) born to identified HBV-positive mothers; 91.7% received HBV neonatal vaccine. Immunoglobulin uptake was 20.0% in 2012 and 36.6% in 2013. Uptake was higher when the mother's HBV-positive status was recorded in perinatal records (69.6% if maternal HBV status recorded on perinatal data collection vs 9.5% otherwise). Delivery of neonatal HBV vaccination in Queensland was high. Improved identification and documentation of HBV-positive mothers' status during the antenatal period was associated with increased immunoglobulin administration.
Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Vírus da Hepatite B/patogenicidade , Austrália , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas/metabolismo , Mães , Assistência Perinatal , QueenslandRESUMO
In September 2016, an invasive group A streptococcal disease outbreak occurred among residents of a residential aged care facility. An expert advisory group recommended mass prophylaxis for residents and staff in addition to strict infection control practices to prevent further spread. Whole genome sequencing confirmed the cases were related.
Assuntos
Antibioticoprofilaxia , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Infecções Estreptocócicas/epidemiologia , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolamento & purificação , Idoso , Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos , Humanos , Controle de Infecções , Casas de Saúde , Filogenia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Saúde Pública , Queensland/epidemiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia , Streptococcus pyogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus pyogenes/genética , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the source of a Q fever outbreak in humans at an animal refuge and veterinary clinic in southeast Queensland from October to December 2016. METHODS: Case interviews and a retrospective cohort study of animal refuge and veterinary clinic staff using a self-administered questionnaire related to clinical history of Q fever, Q fever vaccination status and workplace activities during the exposure period. RESULTS: Seven cases (six confirmed, one probable) were identified. Forty-three questionnaires were completed (92% response rate). Workplace activities associated with the greatest risk of illness were the disposal of deceased cats or dogs (RR, 14.0; 95%CI, 1.9-104.1) and participating in euthanasia of cats or dogs (RR, 4.6; 95%CI, 1.3-16.9). Five feline birthing events occurred at the animal refuge from 25 September to 19 October 2016, each with subsequent euthanasia of the queen cat and litter. All cases had likely exposure to a specific queen cat and her litter that were euthanised the same day as the birthing event. CONCLUSIONS: A parturient cat was the most likely source of the outbreak. Implications for public health: Occupational groups and others with regular exposure to feline or canine parturient products should receive Q fever vaccine.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Febre Q/epidemiologia , Zoonoses , Animais , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Gatos , Feminino , Hospitais Veterinários , Humanos , Febre Q/veterinária , Queensland/epidemiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Absolute cardiovascular risk assessment (CVRA) is based on the combined effects of multiple risk factors and can identify asymptomatic individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, the Indigenous people of Australia, are disproportionately affected by CVD and diabetes. Our study aimed to investigate variations in the use of absolute CVRA in patients with diabetes at Indigenous community healthcare centers and to identify patient and health center characteristics that may contribute to this variation. METHODS: Audits of clinical records of 1,728 patients with a known diagnosis of diabetes across 121 health centers in four Australian States/Territories [Northern Territory (NT), South Australia, Western Australia, and Queensland] over the period 2012-2014 were conducted as part of a large-scale continuous quality improvement program. Multilevel regression modeling was used to quantify variation in recording of CVRA attributable to health center and patient characteristics. RESULTS: The proportion of eligible patients with documented CVRA was 33% (n = 574/1,728). The majority (95%) of assessments were conducted in the NT. Multilevel regression analysis showed health center characteristics accounted for 70% of the variation in assessments in the NT. Government-operated health centers had 18.8 times the odds (95% CI 7.7-46.2) of recording CVRA delivery compared with other health centers. CONCLUSION: Health centers in the NT delivered the majority of absolute CVRA to Indigenous patients with diabetes in our study. Health systems factors that may have facilitated provision of CVRA in the NT include decision support tools and a reporting process for CVRA delivery. Implementation of similar systems in other jurisdictions may help improve CVRA delivery. Early identification and treatment of high risk individuals through wider use of CVRA may help reduce the burden of CVD in Indigenous Australians with diabetes.