Saliva as new analytical object for D-dimer level determination.

The amount of D-dimer in the mixed saliva of healthy individuals and patients with comorbidities has been investigated. It has been established that the level of D-dimer in saliva increases with age regardless of pathology. The highest values were found in patients with erosive gastritis.

[Study of cholinesterase activity in mixed saliva of patients with somatic pathology.]

Cholinesterase activity in mixed saliva of patients with somatic pathology was investigated. The results showed differences in enzyme activity depending on the disease. The highest salivary cholinesterase activity was detected in patients with bronchopulmonary pathology, and the lowest - in cardiovascular diseases. A reliable relationship between the changes in the activity of cholinesterase in saliva and the rate of salivation, and with patients taking atypical antipsychotics and M, H-anticholinergic drugs, was revealed.

[Application of the method of liquid chromato-mass spectrometry for determination of bisoprolol and atorvastatin.]

A technique has been developed for the quantitative determination of bisoprolol and atorvastatin in mixed saliva on a LCMS-8040 triple quadrupole liquid chromatographic mass spectrometer with ionization, separation and detection of samples, which allows determining the concentration in mixed saliva of bisoprolol with an accuracy of 93.7 to 98, 5% and atorvastatin from 95.6 to 98.3%.

[Study of the quantity of interleukin-6 by SDS-PAAG electrophoresis and immuno-enzyme analysis in mixed saliva after rinsing the oral cavity with oligonucleotide specific.]

The selective properties of a solution of oligonucleotide specific to IL-6 on the concentration of IL-6 in mixed saliva of patients with oral inflammatory processes were studied using SDS-PAGE by electrophoresis and enzyme immunoassay. The application of these methods showed that in the mixed saliva of patients after rinsing with a solution of an oligonucleotide specific for IL-6, the amount of IL-6 decreases. The ELISA Kit and 20% SDS-PAGE showed the highest sensitivity to determine the concentration of IL-6 in saliva, which should be considered in clinical laboratory practice.

[Biological role of adipokines and their association with morbid conditions].

Adipose tissue is the source of adipokines (leptine, adiponectine, resistine, interleukin-1, 6, 7, 8, 15, visfatine, PPAR-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, vaspine, chemerine, progranuline, endocannabinoids, lipocaline-2, apleine, omentine, nesfatine-1) - biological active molecules of adipose tissue that have local and systematic effect on body. Changing of their level in the body is associated with insulin resistance, endothelium dysfunction, arterial hypertension, bronchial asthma and obesity progressing. Adipokines are heterogenous group of molecules, one part of them is produced directly by abdominal adipose tissue; another part of them is produced in other tissues but they indirectly affect development and functioning of adipose tissue. The study of adipokines lets us observe the pathogenesis of obesity, associated cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2 with another way. It will give us an opportunity to compose scientific base for recognizing, preventing and treatment of such diseases. It is necessary to realize that obesity with diabetes mellitus type 2 and atherosclerosis are inflammatory diseases, that's why we need to study pro- and anti-inflammatory factors of adipokines. The production of majority of inflammatory mediators is increased in case of obesity and contributes progressing of obesity and metabolic diseases. It is actual to observe adipokines as biomarkers of pathological processes, in future it will be available to prevent pathological processes, to establish prophylaxis of disease and to support positive treatment.

[The analysis of amount of matrix metalloproteinase 1 precursor, metalloproteinase 1 tissue inhibitor and cystatin C in the bronchoalveolar secretion of patients with nonspecific lung diseases].

The proteinases and their inhibitors participate in the inflammatory process. The damage of lung tissue can be a result of proteinase activity. This activity is regulated by such inhibitors as metalloprvteinase 1 tissue inhibitor and cystatin C. The comparative analysis was applied concerning matrix metalloproteinase 1 precursor; metalloproteinase I tissue inhibitor and cystatin C--indicators of conditions of the "proteolysis-antiproteolysis" system in the bronchoalveolar secretion of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, bronchial asthma and pneumonia. In the group of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, in contrast with other groups, the significant increase of proteinase inhibitors was not detected on the tenth day of treatment after exacerbation of disease. This fact testifies the ongoing proteolytic activity and chronic inflammation under chronic obstructive lung disease.

[System of therapy and prophylaxis of hard tooth tissues pathology in the group of pilots].

Survey of 77 males aged 22 to 55 including 43 pilots (main group), 24 non-flying employees (comparison group) and 10 essentially healthy men with sanitized oral cavity (control group) revealed caries in 100% members of groups 1 and 2. Prevalence of other than caries pathologies was higher in the group of pilots. Analysis of mixed unstimulated saliva showed calcium and phosphates reduction by half in 50% and 30% of pilots, respectively. Investigation of hair elemental composition displayed also deficiency of Ca and P in pilots. The authors recommend methods for dental rehabilitation as an indispensable part of medical care for flying personnel.

[Salivary glands secretory activity in patients with terminal chronic renal insufficiency on programmed dialysis].

Saliva secretion speed and some biochemical mixed saliva characteristics were studied in patients with a terminal stage of chronic renal insufficiency. There was reduction of salivary function by more than 2 times and an increase of urea and creatinine concentrations in mixed saliva before the dialysis start. In case of higher urea content in saliva the speed of salivation was the highest that could evidence for an adequate response of the salivary glands to toxic action of nitrogen metabolism end products. The function restoration after hemodialysis took place not in all the patients. Amino acid catabolism product concentration in mixed saliva fell after hemodialysis and correlated directly with the amount of urea and creatinine in blood plasma. It took place also in "urea ricochet" when its content in blood increased sharply 1 hour after hemodialysis due to urea washout from the tissues.

[Determination of nitrate reductase activity in mixed saliva]. / Opredelenie aktivnosti nitratreduktazy v smeshannoi sliune.

A procedure is developed for estimation of nitrate reductase activity in saliva. Effects of pH, temperature and nature of electron donor on the enzymatic activity were studied. The maximal enzymatic activity was found at pH 6.5-7.0; heating and freezing of saliva led to loss of the enzymatic activity. Salivary nitrate reductases are of microbial origin and belong to "terminal" type of nitrate reductases. The enzyme activity varied in the interval 0.8-17.3 mmole/min per I L saliva and did not depend on human sex.

[Inhibitors of trypsin-like proteinases in human mixed saliva]. / Ingibitory tripsinopodobnykh proteinaz smeshannoi sliuny cheloveka.

Both BAEE esterase and antitryptic activities (ATA) were studied in mixed saliva of healthy persons and of patients with paradontosis. The ATA was measured in the saliva supernatant and in mixed saliva after thermo-acid treatment. The BAEE esterase activity was not found in 38% of healthy persons and in 41.2% of the patients with parodontosis; its mean values were lower in parodontosis as compared with normal state. The ATA could be measured in the saliva supernatant in Tris-HCl buffer; the activity was decreased in the saliva supernatant of the patients with parodontosis. Thermo-acid treatment increased the ATA values. In parodontosis ATA was increased 1.5-fold after the treatment, which appears to occur due to liberation of inhibitors from the complexes with proteins found in saliva and/or from leukocytes. In some cases the inhibitory properties of ATA were dissimilar in parodontosis after the thermo-acid treatment.

[Regulation of ceruloplasmin activity in oncogynecological diseases]. / Reguliatsiia aktivnosti tseruloplazmina pri onkoginekologicheskikh zabolevaniiakh.

Serum ceruloplasmih (CP) and anti-CP antibody levels were studied by the oxidase method in 18 healthy women and in 86 women with gynecological tumors. The results demonstrate that: 1) Serum CP concentrations increased in endometrial and ovarian cancer, in benign ovarian tumors and to a lesser extent in mioma of uterus. 2) Serum CP antibodies were found out in both benign tumors and cancer cases. 3) There was positive linear correlation between serum levels of CP and anti-CP-antibodies in endometrial and ovarian cancers, and in benign ovarian tumors.

[A comparative study of the effects of vegetable oils and cholesterol on enzymes of the mouth and jejunal mucosae]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie vliianiia rastitel'nykh masel i kholesterina na fermenty slizistykh obolochek polosti rta i toshchei kishki.

The influence of sunflower and olive oils and their combination with cholesterol on the activity of lysosomal hydrolases and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the mucosa of the mouth and jejunum was studied. It was shown that in the presence of cholesterol in the oral mucosa the activity of N-acetylhexosaminidase increased and there was a tendency to decreasing cathepsin D and acetyl esterase activity, and LPO processes were found to be suppressed. Cathepsin D and B activities in the jejunum mucosa increased in response to cholesterol administration. The changes revealed in the activities of N-acetylhexosaminidase, proteinase, acetyl esterase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the oral mucosa, as well as cathepsins in the jejunum depend on the character of lipid additives.

[The proteinase inhibitors of mixed saliva in periodontitis]. / Ingibitory proteinaz smeshannoi sliuny pri parodontite.

Activities of cysteine and trypsin-like proteinase inhibitors and of cathepsin D were measured in mixed saliva of periodontitis patients with conditions of varying severity. Salivary proteinase inhibitor activities were found related, to a certain measure, to the severity of inflammation. Salivary antitryptic activity was somewhat reduced and cysteine proteinase inhibitor activity elevated in patients with non-severe periodontitis. In cases with medium-severe and severe periodontitis salivary proteinase activity was augmenting, approaching the normal value, whereas cysteine proteinase inhibitor level was significantly decreased. A reduction of salivary inhibitor activity was related to the formation of inhibitor-proteinase complexes, whereas a rise of this activity was explained by release of inhibitors from these complexes resulting from dissociation. This is possibly due to the formation of partially cleaved inhibitor form because of cathepsin effects.

[Enzymatic protective systems of saliva in inflammation of the periodontium]. / Fermentnye zashchitnye sistemy sliuny pri vospalenii parodonta.

The activity of some glycosidases, trypsin-like proteinases, peroxidase, inhibitors of beta-glucuronidase and trypsin-like proteinases, as well as the amount of thiocyanates were studied in mixed saliva (MS), dental deposit (DD) and gums (G) of patients with inflammation of the periodontium. In periodontitis the activity of beta-glucuronidase increases fourfold and that of beta-galactosidase doubles in the G; the activity of beta-glucuronidase and its inhibitors increases, the activity of proteinases diminishes, and the antitryptic activity increases in MS, the activity of peroxidase and the amount of thiocyanates change in this case. Along with the peroxidase-H2O2-thiocyanates system, the inhibitors of beta-glucuronidase and trypsin-like proteinases possess properties of unspecific protection, preventing destruction of the periodontal tissues by glycosides and proteinases of microbial and animal origin.

[Nitrate reductase activity of the oral fluids in periodontitis]. / Nit rareduktaznaia aktivnost' zhidkostei polosti rta pri parodontite.

In patients with parodontitis varying in severity, nitrites content and nitrate reductase activity were measured in the oral and gingival fluids (OF, GF). In patients, as compared to control subjects, OF displayed a tendency to reduce nitrates concentration which was lowered fourfold in exacerbations. Nitrate reductase activity was distinctly reduced in remissions of light and mild parodintitis, and increased in exacerbations. GF showed a low nitrite content with its nitrate reductase activity varying from 0 to 1.66 mumol/min per 1 ml. These levels were not different in patients and control group. The data indicate different states of oral homeostasis in parodontitis varying in severity.

[Enzymes of the oral mucosa in rats with protein deficiency]. / Fermenty slizistoi obolochki polosti rta krys pri belkovoi nedostatochnosti.

In rats receiving a protein-poor diet for 60 days (4% caloric share of casein) the activity of beta-galactosidase, beta-N-acetyl glucose aminidase, acid proteinases, acid phosphatase, acetyl estherase, catalase, glutathione reductase, monoamine oxidase (MAO), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and the content of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the oral cavity mucosa. The authors observed the significant increase in MAO activity, and decrease in activities of beta-N-acetyl glucose aminidase, acetyl estherase, catalase, glutathione reductase, increased MDA contents. The changes in enzymatic activities had, to a several extent, an adaptive nature and were related to their reduced biosynthesis.

[The effect of a high-saccharose diet on the enzymatic activity of the oral mucosa in rats]. / Vliianie vysokosakharoznoi diety na aktivnost' fermentov slizistoi obolochki polosti rta krys.

Cathepsin D, acid phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, N-acetyl hexosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g-6-PDH), and peroxidase activities were measured in the buccal mucosa of rats kept for 60 days on high-sucrose (68% of sucrose) caries-inducing diet. The findings evidence that this diet observed for 30 days results in a significant elevation of beta-galactosidase and LAP activities and in reduction of peroxidase level. After 60-day diet the examined parameters virtually did not differ from the reference characteristics (a control group kept on 68% starch diet), except elevated g-6-PDH and lowered peroxidase activities. Enzymic activity changes are adaptive and evidence changes in the metabolic processes in the buccal mucosa, that may eventuate in the development of periodontal diseases.

[Effect of various modes of surgical injury of the rat buccal mucosa on levels of basic fibroblast growth factor and interleukins 1beta and 6 in the dynamics of regenerative processes].

The content of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and also interleukins 1beta and 6 (IL-1beta and IL-6) has been investigated in rat buccal mucosa after its surgical injury by an erbium laser (Er:YAG laser) and a scalpel. The laser emission caused a sharp increase in the content of these regulators on the second day after treatment followed by decrease observed on the seventh day. These results may reflect synergistic effect of these peptide regulators in the wound defect. Changes in time-course of bFGF, IL-1beta and IL-6 release in the wound formed by the laser beam compared with the wound induced by the cutting instrument may promote earlier appearance of the proliferation phase.