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1.
Allergy ; 79(1): 104-115, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37650296

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization. Longitudinal early life data delineating relationships of S. aureus colonization, barrier function, and AD outcomes are lacking. We define longitudinal S. aureus endotypes and AD pathogenesis in early life. METHODS: We defined longitudinal S. aureus skin colonization phenotypes across two annual visits (non-colonized: V1- V2- , early transient: V1+ V2- , late-onset: V1- V2+ , persistent: V1+ V2+ ) in the Mechanisms of Progression of Atopic Dermatitis to Asthma in Children cohort. We analyzed AD severity, sensitization, and skin barrier function across phenotypes, and performed mediation analyses between colonization and FLG expression. RESULTS: Persistent S. aureus colonization was associated with increased SCORAD at V1 (33.5 vs. 19.0, p = .004) and V2 (40.1 vs.16.9, p < .001), and lower non-lesional (NL) FLG at V2 (1.77 vs. 4.09, p = .029) compared to the non-colonized phenotype, with early transient and late-onset colonization as intermediate phenotypes. Children colonized at V2 demonstrated a decrease in NL-FLG expression from V1 to V2 compared to those non-colonized at V2 (p = .0012), who maintained expression. This effect remained significant even after adjusting for V1 colonization and SCORAD (p = .011). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are the first to present longitudinal quantitative FLG expression and S. aureus skin colonization in early life and suggest that a decrease in NL-FLG drives later colonization. Hence, therapies to maintain NL-FLG expression may prevent S. aureus colonization. Further, a longitudinal AD endotype of persistent colonization is characterized by increased AD severity, sensitization, and decreasing NL-FLG.


Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica , Proteínas Filagrinas , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus aureus/fisiologia , Pele/microbiologia , Humanos , Dermatite Atópica/microbiologia , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidade do Paciente , Proteínas Filagrinas/genética
2.
BMC Med Educ ; 24(1): 556, 2024 May 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38773571

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Primary care in the US faces challenges with clinician recruitment, retention, and burnout, with further workforce shortages predicted in the next decade. Team-based care can be protective against clinician burnout, and opportunities for interprofessional education (IPE) on professional development and leadership could encourage primary care transformation. Despite an increasingly important role in the primary care workforce, IPE initiatives training physician assistants (PAs) alongside physicians are rare. We describe the design, curriculum, and outcomes from an interprofessional primary care transformation fellowship for community-based primary care physicians and PAs. METHODS: The Community Primary Care Champions (CPCC) Fellowship was a one-year, part-time fellowship which trained nine PAs, fourteen physicians, and a behavioralist with at least two years of post-graduate clinical experience in six content pillars: quality improvement (QI), wellness and burnout, mental health, social determinants of health, medical education, and substance use disorders. The fellowship included a recurring schedule of monthly activities in self-study, lectures, mentoring, and community expert evening discussions. Evaluation of the fellowship included pre, post, and one-year follow-up self-assessments of knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in the six content areas, pre- and post- wellness surveys, lecture and discussion evaluations, and midpoint and exit focus groups. RESULTS: Fellows showed significant improvement in 24 of 28 self-assessment items across all content areas post-fellowship, and in 16 of 18 items one-year post-fellowship. They demonstrated reductions in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization post-fellowship and increased confidence in working in interprofessional teams post-fellowship which persisted on one-year follow-up assessments. All fellows completed QI projects and four presented their work at national conferences. Focus group data showed that fellows experienced collaborative, meaningful professional development that was relevant to their clinical work. They appreciated the flexible format and inclusion of interprofessional community experts in evening discussions. CONCLUSIONS: The CPCC fellowship fostered an interprofessional community of practice that provided an effective IPE experience for physicians and PAs. The learning activities, and particularly the community expert discussions, allowed for a flexible, relevant experience, resulting in personal and professional growth along with increased confidence working within interprofessional teams.


Assuntos
Bolsas de Estudo , Assistentes Médicos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Humanos , Assistentes Médicos/educação , Currículo , Esgotamento Profissional/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Masculino , Relações Interprofissionais , Médicos de Atenção Primária/educação , Educação Interprofissional
3.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol ; 128(4): 399-407.e3, 2022 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35081436

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In addition to its involvement in both the innate and adaptive immune systems, vitamin D has been found to affect keratinocyte function and proliferation, suggesting a possible role for vitamin D in cutaneous allergic sensitization. OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of circulating vitamin D levels in allergic sensitization. METHODS: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were measured in a subset of children (N = 323) enrolled in the Mechanisms of Progression of Atopic Dermatitis to Asthma in Children cohort, a prospective early life cohort of children with atopic dermatitis. Allergic sensitization was determined using skin prick testing, and FLG expression in the keratinocytes was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Multiple Poisson regression was used to evaluate interaction effects between serum 25(OH)D levels and FLG expression with sensitization load as the outcome. RESULTS: Black participants had significantly lower mean levels of serum 25(OH)D compared with non-Black participants (29.3 vs 32.9 ng/mL; P < .001). FLG expression and sensitization load were negatively correlated in non-Black participants with 25(OH)D levels less than 27.2 ng/mL (Rho = -0.45; P = .02). No association between FLG expression and sensitization load was found in Black participants or participants with 25(OH)D levels greater than or equal to 27.2 ng/mL. Multiple Poisson regression models confirmed that 25(OH)D levels interact with FLG expression to affect sensitization load in non-Black participants. CONCLUSION: Despite lower vitamin D levels in Black participants, sensitization load was associated with nonlesional skin FLG expression in non-Black, but not Black, children with low vitamin D levels. Thus, a complex interplay of factors determines the impact of vitamin D on allergic sensitization.


Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica , Eczema , Proteínas Filagrinas , Vitamina D , População Negra , Criança , Dermatite Atópica/etnologia , Dermatite Atópica/genética , Eczema/etnologia , Eczema/genética , Proteínas Filagrinas/genética , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Vitamina D/sangue
4.
Colomb Med (Cali) ; 49(3): 193-200, 2018 Sep 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30410193

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The yeasts species determination is fundamental not only for an accurate diagnosis but also for establishing a suitable patient treatment. We performed a concordance study of five methodologies for the species identification of oral isolates of Candida in Colombia. METHODS: Sixty-seven Candida isolates were tested by; API® 20C-AUX, Vitek®2 Compact, Vitek®MS, Microflex® and a molecular test (panfungal PCR and sequencing). The commercial cost and processing time of the samples was done by graphical analysis. RESULTS: Panfungal PCR differentiated 12 species of Candida, Vitek®MS and Microflex® methods identified 9 species, and API® 20C-AUX and Vitek®2 Compact methods identified 8 species each. Weighted Kappa (wK) showed a high agreement between Panfungal PCR, Vitek®MS, Microflex® and API® 20C-AUX (wK 0.62-0.93). The wK that involved the Vitek®2 Compact method presented moderate or good concordances compared with the other methods (wK 0.56-0.73). Methodologies based on MALDI TOF MS required 4 minutes to generate results and the Microflex® method had the lowest selling price. CONCLUSION: The methods evaluated showed high concordance in their results, being higher for the molecular methods and the methodologies based on MALDI TOF. The latter are faster and cheaper, presenting as promising alternatives for the routine identification of yeast species of the genus Candida.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La clasificación a nivel de especies de las levaduras del género Candida de origen clínico es fundamental para el diagnóstico y la instauración de un adecuado tratamiento para el paciente. Se realizó un estudio de concordancia de cinco metodologías usadas para la identificación de aislamientos orales de Candida spp en Colombia. MÉTODOS: Sesenta y siete aislamientos de Candida spp fueron identificados a nivel de especie utilizando; API® 20 C AUX' Vitek® 2 Compact, MALDI TOF (Vitek® MS y Microflex®) y una prueba molecular, PCR Panfungal y secuenciación. Un análisis del costo comercial y tiempo de procesamiento de las muestras por cada método fue realizado mediante el análisis gráfico de ambas variables. RESULTADOS: La PCR Panfungal y secuenciación diferenció 12 especies de Candida' los métodos Vitek® MS y Microflex® identificaron 9 especies y los métodos API® 20 C AUX y Vitek® 2 Compact identificaron 8 especies. El análisis de Kappa ponderado (wK) demostró una concordancia alta entre los métodos PCR Panfungal y secuenciación' Vitek® MS' Microflex® y API® 20 C AUX' concordancias agrupadas en las categorías buena y muy buena (wK 0.62 - 0.93); los Kp que involucraron el método Vitek® 2 Compact presentaron concordancias moderadas o buenas frente a los otros métodos (wK 0.56 - 0.73). Las metodologías basadas en MALDI TOF MS requirieron 4 minutos para generar un resultado y el método Microflex® fue el método que en nuestro medio presentó el menor precio de venta del servicio. CONCLUSIÓN: Los métodos evaluados presentaron una alta concordancia en sus resultados' siendo más alta para los métodos moleculares y las metodologías basadas en MALDI TOF MS; estas últimas son metodologías más rápidas, económicas y precisas, las cuales se presentan como alternativas prometedoras para la identificación rutinaria de especies de levaduras del género Candida.


Assuntos
Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase Bucal/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodos , Adulto , Candidíase Bucal/microbiologia , Colômbia , Humanos , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica/métodos , Fatores de Tempo
5.
Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública ; 39(1): e340565, ene.-abr. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1288019

RESUMO

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar una intervención de base poblacional denominada "Malnutrición por exceso de peso en la primera infancia", implementada con recursos del programa de Presupuesto Participativo en Salud de Medellín, Colombia, en 2017. Método: Perspectiva de investigación de tipo evaluativa, con base en el modelo de teoría del cambio, utilizado en el campo de la evaluación de programas y proyectos en salud. Se desarrolló un estudio de caso de método mixto convergente e igualdad de estatus. El caso de análisis fue la implementación y los resultados de la intervención "Malnutrición por exceso de peso en la primera infancia". La evaluación se dio en dos fases: 1) la planeación de la evaluación, y 2) la evaluación de los procesos durante su implementación y de los efectos al finalizar la intervención. Resultados: Al finalizar la intervención, no se observaron efectos significativos para los indicadores antropométricos de los niños y las niñas. En el peso para la talla, la mediana al iniciar el tratamiento era de 2,52, y al finalizarlo, de 2,49 (p (0,174) > 0,05). Para el índice de masa corporal, la mediana al iniciar el tratamiento era de 2,4, y al finalizarlo, de 2,3 (p (0,236) > 0,05). Sin embargo, de forma individual hubo variaciones en las desviaciones estándar de los valores Z antropométricos de los niños y las niñas; esto se explica porque en la evaluación de los procesos se identificó el compromiso, la aceptabilidad y la adopción de las recomendaciones nutricionales y psicosociales por parte de los padres y cuidadores. También se encontraron cambios no previstos en el modelo de teoría del cambio, los cuales hacen referencia a variaciones antropométricas en los cuidadores de los niños y las niñas. Conclusión: Los efectos individuales a corto plazo que se dieron en la intervención "Malnutrición por exceso de peso en la primera infancia" favorecieron variaciones antropométricas y el mejoramiento del estado nutricional de niños, niñas y cuidadores, lo cual se explica por la adopción de estilos de vida saludables, lo que permitió alcanzar el cambio global definido para la intervención en el modelo de teoría del cambio.


Abstract Objective: To evaluate a population-based intervention named "Early Childhood Malnutrition due to Overweight" implemented with resources of the Participatory Budget for Health program of Medellín, Colombia, in 2017. Methodology: Evaluative research perspective, based on the theory of change model, used in the field of health projects and programs evaluation. A case study of the convergent mixed method and equality of status was conducted. The case under analysis was the implementation and the results of the intervention "Early Childhood Malnutrition due to Overweight". The evaluation was made in two stages: 1) evaluation planning, and 2) evaluation of the processes during their implementation and the effects at the end of the intervention. Results: At the end of the intervention, significant effects in the anthropometric index of the children were not observed. The median weight-for-height at the beginning of the treatment was 2.52; at the end it was 2.49 (p (0.174) > 0.05). The median body mass index at the beginning of the treatment was 2.4, and at the end, it was (p (0.236) > 0.05). Nevertheless, there were individual variations in the standard deviations of the anthropometric Z-score of children, which is explained due to commitment, acceptability, and adoption of the nutritional and psychosocial recommendations by parents and child caregivers, which were identified during the evaluation of the processes. Changes not expected according to the theory of change model were also found. Those changes refer to the anthropometric variations in the child caregivers. Conclusion: The short-term individual effects that occurred during the "Early Childhood Malnutrition due to Overweight" intervention contributed to the anthropometric variations and the nutritional status improvement of the children and child caregivers. This is explained by the adoption of healthy lifestyles, which allow to reach the global change established for the intervention in the theory of change model.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar uma intervenção de base populacional denominada "Má nutrição por excesso de peso na primeira infância" implantada com recursos do programa de Orçamento Participativo em Saúde de Medellín, Colômbia, em 2017. Metodologia: Perspectiva de estudo do tipo avaliativo, com base no modelo de teoria da mudança, utilizado no campo da avaliação de programas e projetos em saúde. Foi desenvolvido um estudo de caso de método misto convergente e igualdade de status. O caso analisado foi a implantação e os resultados da intervenção "Má nutrição por excesso de peso na primeira infância". A avaliação foi feita em duas etapas: 1) O planejamento da avaliação, e 2) A avaliação dos processos durante sua implantação e dos efeitos ao terminar tal intervenção. Resultados: Ao concluir a intervenção, não se observaram efeitos significativos para os indicadores antropométricos das crianças. No quesito para o tamanho, a média ao iniciar o tratamento era de 2,52 e ao finalizá-lo, de 2,49 (p (0,174) > 0,05). Para o índice de massa corporal a média ao iniciar o tratamento era de 2,4 e ao finalizá-lo, de 2,3 (p (0,236) > 0,05). Porém, de maneira individual houve variações nos desvios padrão dos valores Z antropométricos das crianças; isto se explica porque na avaliação dos processos foi identificado o compromisso, a aceitação e a adoção das recomendações nutricionais e psicossociais por parte dos pais e cuidadores. Também foram encontradas mudanças não previstas no modelo de teoria da mudança, as quais se referem a variações antropométricas nos cuidadores das crianças Conclusão: Os efeitos individuais em curto prazo que se deram na intervenção "Má nutrição por excesso de peso na primeira infância" foram favoráveis às variações antropométricas e ao melhoramento do estado nutricional das crianças e cuidadores, o qual se explica pela implantação de estilos de vida saudáveis, o que permitiu alcançar a mudança global definida para a intervenção no modelo de teoria da mudança

6.
Colomb. med ; 49(3): 193-200, July-Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-974986

RESUMO

Abstract Background: The yeasts species determination is fundamental not only for an accurate diagnosis but also for establishing a suitable patient treatment. We performed a concordance study of five methodologies for the species identification of oral isolates of Candida in Colombia. Methods: Sixty-seven Candida isolates were tested by; API® 20C-AUX, Vitek®2 Compact, Vitek®MS, Microflex® and a molecular test (panfungal PCR and sequencing). The commercial cost and processing time of the samples was done by graphical analysis. Results: Panfungal PCR differentiated 12 species of Candida, Vitek®MS and Microflex® methods identified 9 species, and API® 20C-AUX and Vitek®2 Compact methods identified 8 species each. Weighted Kappa (wK) showed a high agreement between Panfungal PCR, Vitek®MS, Microflex® and API® 20C-AUX (wK 0.62-0.93). The wK that involved the Vitek®2 Compact method presented moderate or good concordances compared with the other methods (wK 0.56-0.73). Methodologies based on MALDI TOF MS required 4 minutes to generate results and the Microflex® method had the lowest selling price. Conclusion: The methods evaluated showed high concordance in their results, being higher for the molecular methods and the methodologies based on MALDI TOF. The latter are faster and cheaper, presenting as promising alternatives for the routine identification of yeast species of the genus Candida.


Resumen Introducción: La clasificación a nivel de especies de las levaduras del género Candida de origen clínico es fundamental para el diagnóstico y la instauración de un adecuado tratamiento para el paciente. Se realizó un estudio de concordancia de cinco metodologías usadas para la identificación de aislamientos orales de Candida spp en Colombia. Métodos: Sesenta y siete aislamientos de Candida spp fueron identificados a nivel de especie utilizando; API® 20 C AUX‚ Vitek® 2 Compact, MALDI TOF (Vitek® MS y Microflex®) y una prueba molecular, PCR Panfungal y secuenciación. Un análisis del costo comercial y tiempo de procesamiento de las muestras por cada método fue realizado mediante el análisis gráfico de ambas variables. Resultados: La PCR Panfungal y secuenciación diferenció 12 especies de Candida‚ los métodos Vitek® MS y Microflex® identificaron 9 especies y los métodos API® 20 C AUX y Vitek® 2 Compact identificaron 8 especies. El análisis de Kappa ponderado (wK) demostró una concordancia alta entre los métodos PCR Panfungal y secuenciación‚ Vitek® MS‚ Microflex® y API® 20 C AUX‚ concordancias agrupadas en las categorías buena y muy buena (wK 0.62 - 0.93); los Kp que involucraron el método Vitek® 2 Compact presentaron concordancias moderadas o buenas frente a los otros métodos (wK 0.56 - 0.73). Las metodologías basadas en MALDI TOF MS requirieron 4 minutos para generar un resultado y el método Microflex® fue el método que en nuestro medio presentó el menor precio de venta del servicio. Conclusión: Los métodos evaluados presentaron una alta concordancia en sus resultados‚ siendo más alta para los métodos moleculares y las metodologías basadas en MALDI TOF MS; estas últimas son metodologías más rápidas, económicas y precisas, las cuales se presentan como alternativas prometedoras para la identificación rutinaria de especies de levaduras del género Candida.


Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase Bucal/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodos , Fatores de Tempo , Candidíase Bucal/microbiologia , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica/métodos , Colômbia
7.
Infectio ; 17(3): 136-145, jul.-set. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-702959

RESUMO

Objetivos: Caracterizar los programas hospitalarios de prevención y control de infecciones en 16 instituciones de Medellín, Colombia, 2011. Métodos: Este estudio fue realizado por una red local de vigilancia de resistencia a antibióticos (Grupo GERMEN) con apoyo técnico y 􀃀 nanciero de la Secretaría de Salud de Medellín. En cada institución se aplicó una encuesta adaptada de la guía de evaluación de programas hospitalarios de prevención y control de infecciones de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2011. Resultados: Se encontró que todas las instituciones tienen comité de prevención y control de infecciones, en el 68,8% de estas la búsqueda de Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud (IAAS) es realizada por auxiliares de enfermería. Todas las instituciones tienen de fi niciones para el diagnóstico de IAAS, empleando diferentes versiones de la guía recomendada internacionalmente. Todas poseen protocolos de higiene de manos, precauciones estándar y aislamiento y el 62,5% tiene un protocolo para el estudio de brotes. Todas las instituciones tienen comité de farmacia y terapéutica y en el 68,8% existen programas de uso racional de antibióticos. Todos los laboratorios de microbiología poseen capacidad para identi fi cación de microrganismos y pruebas de sensibilidad y el 33,3% tiene protocolos de conservación de aislamientos. Conclusiones: La conformación de los comités por directriz institucional, las estrategias de vigilancia y protocolos escritos para la prevención y control de las IAAS, así como la capacidad de los laboratorios de microbiología, son algunas de las fortalezas encontradas; sin embargo, se observó falta de estandarización y falencias en la capacitación del personal y en programas de uso racional de antimicrobianos.


Objectives: To characterize the infection prevention and control programs of 16 hospitals in Medellin, Colombia, 2011. Methods: This study was performed by a local surveillance network for antibiotic resistance (GERMEN Group), with technical and 􀃀 nancial support from the Secretaría de Salud de Medellín. A survey, adapted from the Rapid Evaluation Guide for Hospital Programs for Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infections of Panamerican Health Organization, 2011 was conducted to each institution. Results: The results revealed that all of the institutions have committees for infection prevention and control. The search for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) is conducted by nursing assistants in 68.8% of these institutions. All of the institutions have de 􀃀 nitions for the diagnosis of HAIs, using different versions of the international recommended guidelines. All of the institutions have protocols for hand hygiene, standard precautions and isolation, and 62.5% have a protocol for the study of outbreaks. All of the institutions have pharmacy and therapy committees, and 68.8% have programs for the rational use of antibiotics. All of the microbiology laboratories are equipped to identify microorganisms and to perform susceptibility test; 33.3% have protocols for the preservation of isolates. Conclusions: The creation of committees by institutional directive, the surveillance strategies and written protocols for the prevention and control of HAIs, as well as the capabilities of the microbiology laboratories are a number of the strengths found. However, there was a lack of standardization and shortcomings in the training of personnel and in the programs for the rational use of antibiotics.


Assuntos
Humanos , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde , Infecção Hospitalar , Imunização , Controle de Infecções , Colômbia , Microbiologia
8.
CES med ; 13(1): 26-33, ene.-jun. 1999. mapas, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-468836

RESUMO

Utilizando las bases de datos del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) de nacimiento y defunciones para Antioquia entre Noviembre de 1997 y Junio de 1998, se realizo un estudio en dos etapas, una descriptiva utilizando el total de la población y otra de casos y controles, con una muestra de 305 casos y 305 controles. Se encontró una tasa de mortalidad fetal para el Departamento de 39.16 x 1000 nacidos vivos (n.v,), en el área urbana fue mayor la tasa de mortalidad (44.47 x 1000 n.v.), la mayor parte de las muertes fatales sucedieron en la 20 primeras semanas de gestión (66.72 por ciento). Con el análisis de casos y controles y de regresión logística se halló: al numero de hijos nacidos muertos “al menos uno” como potente factor predictivo (RD 44.13 IC95 por ciento (26.76-73.17)). Coeficiente de Correlación de 0.4521, otras características fueron la edad de la madre “mayor de 40 años” encontrándose una asociación con la muerte fetal (RD 2094 IC (1.04-8.26)), pero con el análisis multivariado se vio que esta asociación estaba afectada por la confusión del área de resistencia, igual sucedió con el estado civil soltera otras variables como la edad menor a 20 años, el nivel educativo bajo, el número de embarazos mayor a cuatro no están asociados a la muerte fetal, aunque se encontraron con altas tasas de mortalidad fetal.


Assuntos
Feminino , Gravidez , Mortalidade Fetal , Fatores de Risco , Mortalidade
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