Most Frequent Oral Lesions in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

AIM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a chronic disease caused by the underproduction of insulin in the organism and it is considered a risk factor to periodontal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study performed a cross-sectional research on the main oral changes in patients with DM2 and nondiabetics, in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The sample included 116 patients examined at the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic of the School of Medicine of the University of Passo Fundo (UPF) and 134 nondiabetic patients examined at the Examinations, Triage, and Emergency Sector of the School of Dentistry of UPF. Inclusion criteria for the study were patients over 35-years old, diagnosed with DM2 for more than 2 years. The same criteria were used for the control group, except for the presence of diabetes. Data collected were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 18.0 for Windows™ software and the Chi-square test at 5% significance. This study showed that, overall, oral lesions were more prevalent in diabetic patients. RESULTS: The stomatological manifestations observed more frequently in such patients were pseudomembranous candidia-sis, lichen planus, lingual varices, xerostomia, and prosthetic stomatitis (p > 0.001). CONCLUSION: Therefore, based on the sample investigated, it is concluded that patients with DM2 present higher prevalence of oral lesions when compared with nondiabetics. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: It is important for the dentist to know about oral lesions because they may allow either early diagnosis in patients unaware of this condition or help diagnosing a potential decompensation. Moreover, oral lesions may represent a potential gateway for infectious agents, and the dentist may restrain this condition by performing treatment as early as possible.

Antiseptics and microcosm biofilm formation on titanium surfaces.

Oral rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants is a way to restore esthetics and masticatory function in edentulous patients, but bacterial colonization around the implants may lead to mucositis or peri-implantitis and consequent implant loss. Peri-implantitis is the main complication of oral rehabilitation with dental implants and, therefore, it is necessary to take into account the potential effects of antiseptics such as chlorhexidine (CHX), chloramine T (CHT), triclosan (TRI), and essential oils (EO) on bacterial adhesion and on biofilm formation. To assess the action of these substances, we used the microcosm technique, in which the oral environment and periodontal conditions are simulated in vitro on titanium discs with different surface treatments (smooth surface - SS, acid-etched smooth surface - AESS, sand-blasted surface - SBS, and sand-blasted and acid-etched surface - SBAES). Roughness measurements yielded the following results: SS: 0.47 µm, AESS: 0.43 µm, SB: 0.79 µm, and SBAES: 0.72 µm. There was statistical difference only between SBS and AESS. There was no statistical difference among antiseptic treatments. However, EO and CHT showed lower bacterial counts compared with the saline solution treatment (control group). Thus, the current gold standard (CHX) did not outperform CHT and EO, which were efficient in reducing the biofilm biomass compared with saline solution.

Antiseptics and microcosm biofilm formation on titanium surfaces

Abstract Oral rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants is a way to restore esthetics and masticatory function in edentulous patients, but bacterial colonization around the implants may lead to mucositis or peri-implantitis and consequent implant loss. Peri-implantitis is the main complication of oral rehabilitation with dental implants and, therefore, it is necessary to take into account the potential effects of antiseptics such as chlorhexidine (CHX), chloramine T (CHT), triclosan (TRI), and essential oils (EO) on bacterial adhesion and on biofilm formation. To assess the action of these substances, we used the microcosm technique, in which the oral environment and periodontal conditions are simulated in vitro on titanium discs with different surface treatments (smooth surface - SS, acid-etched smooth surface - AESS, sand-blasted surface - SBS, and sand-blasted and acid-etched surface - SBAES). Roughness measurements yielded the following results: SS: 0.47 µm, AESS: 0.43 µm, SB: 0.79 µm, and SBAES: 0.72 µm. There was statistical difference only between SBS and AESS. There was no statistical difference among antiseptic treatments. However, EO and CHT showed lower bacterial counts compared with the saline solution treatment (control group). Thus, the current gold standard (CHX) did not outperform CHT and EO, which were efficient in reducing the biofilm biomass compared with saline solution.

Doença periodontal e diabete melito tipo 2 / Periodontal disease and diabete melito type 2

Introdução: a doença periodontal é considerada a sexta complicação clássica do diabete melito. Estudos recentes relatam que o diabete melito e a doença periodontal apresentam uma associação bidirecional, na qual o diabete favorece o desenvolvimento da doença periodontal e esta, quando não tratada, dificulta o controle metabólico do diabete. As periodontites relacionadas a doenças sistêmicas são causadas pela placa bacteriana e também exacerbadas pela condição oral. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão de literatura em relação à influência da doença periodontal no fator sistêmico do paciente diabético, e por sua vez, a influência do diabete no desenvolvimento e progressão da doença periodontal. Conclusão: o diabete melito é um fator de importância na incidência e prevalência da doença periodontal, assim como a doença periodontal pode ter influência sobre o controle metabólico do diabete. O tratamento periodontal parece contribuir para a melhoria do controle glicêmico de indivíduos diabéticos e com doença periodontal.

Introduction: periodontal disease is considered the sixth classic complication of the diabetes melito. Recent studies tell that the diabetes melito and the periodontal disease represent a bidirectional association, in which the diabetes favors the development of the periodontal disease and this, when no treated, it hinders the metabolic control of the diabetes. The periodontites related to systemic diseases are caused by bacterial plate and also exacerbated by the oral condition. Objective: accomplish a literature revision in relation to the influence of the periodontal disease in the diabetic patient’s systemic factor, and for its time, the influence of the diabetes in the development and progression of the periodontal disease. Conclusion: the diabetes melito is a factor of importance in the incidence and prevalence of periodontal disease, as well as the periodontal disease it can have influence on the metabolic control of the diabetes. The periodontal treatment seems to contribute for the improvement of the glycemic control of diabetic individuals and with periodontal disease.