RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Men die of coronary artery disease (CAD) more often than women. There is evidence that testosterone either is neutral or has a beneficial effect on male cardiovascular disease. The role of oestrogens in male CAD has been less studied. This study was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the relationship between sex hormone levels and CAD. DESIGN: Case-control study. PARTICIPANTS: Men (aged 40-70) submitted to coronary angiography. A 70% occlusion of at least one major coronary artery defined the cases; subjects with ≤ 50% occlusion constituted the control group. MEASUREMENTS: Blood samples were collected for total testosterone (TT), oestradiol, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, sex hormone-binding globulin, lipid profile and albumin measurements. Bioavailable and free testosterone, free androgen index (FAI) and free oestrogen index (FEI) were calculated. Oestradiol and TT levels were examined as terciles, based on the whole study population. RESULTS: Of the 140 patients included, 72 were cases and 68 were controls. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar, except for the older age and lower LDL-C in the cases. Oestradiol and FEI but not total, bioavailable and free testosterone and FAI correlated positively with CAD. After adjustments for potential confounders, oestradiol remained statistically significant. The prevalence of CAD was significantly higher in the 3rd than in the 1st tercile of oestradiol. CONCLUSION: In this study, men with CAD had higher oestradiol and FEI levels. Additional studies are needed to clarify the direction of causality and possible underlying mechanisms.
Assuntos
Doença das Coronárias/sangue , Estradiol/sangue , Testosterona/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Angiografia Coronária , Doença das Coronárias/epidemiologia , Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PrevalênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to measure the quality of life (QoL) of patients with Turner syndrome (PTS) and determine the extent to which their clinical or laboratory alterations influence QoL compared to reference women (RW) of the same age range. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From Dec-2013 to Dec-2014, 90 participants were recruited. They were 18 years and older: 48 with Turner syndrome (TS) (PTS) and 42 without (RW). Recruited subjects completed the Portuguese version of Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire, and blood was drawn to measure LH, FSH, oestradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), SHBG, and SDHEA (by ECLIA) and testosterone (by LC MS/MS). RESULTS: Age and schooling were similar between groups. The most common occupations for PTS were health worker, administration and education, and health worker or cashier for RW. Most participants were Catholic or Evangelical. Eighty-one percent (39/48) of cases used Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT), mostly transdermal (23/39). RW and PTS scored similarly on the SF-36 questionnaire. RW had higher oestradiol (p = 0,01), lower FSH (p = 0,01) and higher testosterone (p = 0,01) than PTS. Concentrations of P4, LH, SHBG or SDHEA were similar. Significant associations were found among QoL and hormones (E2 with Vitality and LH with Physical Role) only in the PTS group. CONCLUSIONS: PTS do not consider that TS affects their QoL as measured by domains on the SF-36. Oestradiol was related with QoL, emphasising the importance of HRT.
Assuntos
Terapia de Reposição Hormonal/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Síndrome de Turner/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estradiol/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Testosterona/sangue , Síndrome de Turner/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The evaluation of adrenocortical function with the use of therapeutic massage has been little studied in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the salivary cortisol levels before and after Shantala massage therapy on healthy infants. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective case series, in a public nursery, in São Paulo. METHODS: Saliva was obtained from 11 infants at the times of 8:00-9:00 a.m. and 4:00-5:00 p.m. in a nursery and 9:00-10:00 p.m. at home. They received a 15-minute therapeutic massage on two consecutive days, and saliva was collected before and after the massage. The procedure was repeated after a one-week interval. Cortisol values (intra-assay < 5%; inter-assay < 10%) at different times of the day were compared by ANOVA. RESULTS: The mean cortisol values (nmol/l +/- SD) on the first day were: morning (M) = 14.1 +/- 5.7, afternoon (A) = 8.3 +/- 2.7, night (N) = 3.3 +/- 1.1; after two consecutive days of therapeutic massage: M = 22.3 +/- 13.5, A = 13.4 +/- 6.0, N = 5.8 +/- 3.5; after a one-week interval: M = 15.8 +/- 7.7, A = 14.3 +/- 7.7, N = 3.4 +/- 2.0. CONCLUSION: There was a modification in the salivary cortisol values following massage, thus reflecting possible adaptation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Assuntos
Córtex Suprarrenal/fisiologia , Hidrocortisona/análise , Massagem/métodos , Saliva/química , Adaptação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Análise de Variância , Biomarcadores/análise , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/fisiologia , Lactente , Masculino , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/fisiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objectives We aimed to measure the quality of life (QoL) of patients with Turner syndrome (PTS) and determine the extent to which their clinical or laboratory alterations influence QoL compared to reference women (RW) of the same age range. Subjects and methods From Dec-2013 to Dec-2014, 90 participants were recruited. They were 18 years and older: 48 with Turner syndrome (TS) (PTS) and 42 without (RW). Recruited subjects completed the Portuguese version of Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire, and blood was drawn to measure LH, FSH, oestradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), SHBG, and SDHEA (by ECLIA) and testosterone (by LC MS/MS). Results Age and schooling were similar between groups. The most common occupations for PTS were health worker, administration and education, and health worker or cashier for RW. Most participants were Catholic or Evangelical. Eighty-one percent (39/48) of cases used Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT), mostly transdermal (23/39). RW and PTS scored similarly on the SF-36 questionnaire. RW had higher oestradiol (p = 0,01), lower FSH (p = 0,01) and higher testosterone (p = 0,01) than PTS. Concentrations of P4, LH, SHBG or SDHEA were similar. Significant associations were found among QoL and hormones (E2 with Vitality and LH with Physical Role) only in the PTS group. Conclusions PTS do not consider that TS affects their QoL as measured by domains on the SF-36. Oestradiol was related with QoL, emphasising the importance of HRT.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Qualidade de Vida , Síndrome de Turner/psicologia , Terapia de Reposição Hormonal/psicologia , Testosterona/sangue , Síndrome de Turner/sangue , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estradiol/sangueRESUMO
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the main cause of death in Brazil. Men die more of coronary artery disease and they have higher levels of testosterone than women. However, recent studies indicate that androgens can have beneficial and/or neutral effect in the male cardiovascular system. Low levels of endogenous testosterone have been involved with the presence of some components of the metabolic syndrome including dyslipidemia, visceral obesity, hypertension and thrombus formation process. Consistent data on the relationship between testosterone and vascular reactivity, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular mortality in men are rare, with the results of available studies presenting contradictions. Large randomized and prospective trials are needed to evaluate androgen-specific function in male CVD so that better conclusions can be established.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Testosterona/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Testosterona/deficiência , Testosterona/fisiologiaRESUMO
Turner syndrome (TS) is one of the most common types of aneuploidy among humans, and is present in 1:2000 newborns with female phenotype. Cytogenetically, the syndrome is characterized by sex chromosome monosomy (45,X), which is present in 50-60% of the cases. The other cases present mosaicism, with a 45,X cell line accompanied by one or more other cell lines with a complete or structurally abnormal X or Y chromosome. The presence of Y-chromosome material in patients with dysgenetic gonads increases the risk of gonadal tumors, especially gonadoblastoma. The greatest concern is the high risk of developing gonadoblastoma or other tumors and virilization during puberty if chromosome Y-specific sequences are present. The role of the Y chromosome in human oncogenesis is still controversial. Even though gonadoblastoma is a benign tumor, it can undergo transformation into invasive dysgerminoma in 60% of the cases, and also into other, malignant forms of germ cell tumors. Although some authors have questioned the high incidence of gonadoblastoma (around 30%), the risk of developing any kind of gonadal lesion, whether tumoral or not, justifies investigation of Y-chromosome sequences by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a highly sensitive, low-cost and easy-to-perform technique. In conclusion, mosaicism of both the X and the Y chromosome is a common finding in TS, and detection of Y-chromosome-specific sequences in patients, regardless of their karyotype, is necessary in order to prevent the development of gonadal lesions.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Y/genética , Gonadoblastoma/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Síndrome de Turner/genética , Feminino , Gonadoblastoma/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Mosaicismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/prevenção & controle , Síndrome de Turner/complicaçõesRESUMO
As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) representam atualmente o principal grupo de causa de morte no Brasil. Os homens morrem mais de doença arterial coronariana e possuem níveis mais elevados de testosterona do que as mulheres. No entanto, estudos recentes indicam que os andrógenos podem ter efeito benéfico e/ou neutro no sistema cardiovascular masculino. Baixos níveis de testosterona endógena têm sido relacionados à presença de vários componentes da síndrome metabólica, incluindo dislipidemia, obesidade visceral, hipertensão arterial sistêmica e estados pró-trombóticos. Os dados da relação entre testosterona e reatividade vascular, aterosclerose e mortalidade cardiovascular nos homens são escassos, com os resultados de estudos disponíveis apresentando contradições. Grandes estudos randomizados e prospectivos são necessários para avaliar a função específica dos andrógenos nas DCV masculinas, para que melhores conclusões possam ser estabelecidas.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the main cause of death in Brazil. Men die more of coronary artery disease and they have higher levels of testosterone than women. However, recent studies indicate that androgens can have beneficial and/or neutral effect in the male cardiovascular system. Low levels of endogenous testosterone have been involved with the presence of some components of the metabolic syndrome including dyslipidemia, visceral obesity, hypertension and thrombus formation process. Consistent data on the relationship between testosterone and vascular reactivity, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular mortality in men are rare, with the results of available studies presenting contradictions. Large randomized and prospective trials are needed to evaluate androgen-specific function in male CVD so that better conclusions can be established.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Testosterona/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Fatores de Risco , Testosterona/deficiência , Testosterona/fisiologiaRESUMO
Turner syndrome (TS) is one of the most common types of aneuploidy among humans, and is present in 1:2000 newborns with female phenotype. Cytogenetically, the syndrome is characterized by sex chromosome monosomy (45,X), which is present in 50-60 percent of the cases. The other cases present mosaicism, with a 45,X cell line accompanied by one or more other cell lines with a complete or structurally abnormal X or Y chromosome. The presence of Y-chromosome material in patients with dysgenetic gonads increases the risk of gonadal tumors, especially gonadoblastoma. The greatest concern is the high risk of developing gonadoblastoma or other tumors and virilization during puberty if chromosome Y-specific sequences are present. The role of the Y chromosome in human oncogenesis is still controversial. Even though gonadoblastoma is a benign tumor, it can undergo transformation into invasive dysgerminoma in 60 percent of the cases, and also into other, malignant forms of germ cell tumors. Although some authors have questioned the high incidence of gonadoblastoma (around 30 percent), the risk of developing any kind of gonadal lesion, whether tumoral or not, justifies investigation of Y-chromosome sequences by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a highly sensitive, low-cost and easy-to-perform technique. In conclusion, mosaicism of both the X and the Y chromosome is a common finding in TS, and detection of Y-chromosome-specific sequences in patients, regardless of their karyotype, is necessary in order to prevent the development of gonadal lesions.
A síndrome de Turner (ST) é uma das aneuploidias mais comuns em humanos e está presente em 1:2000 recém-nascidas com fenótipo feminino. Citogeneticamente, a síndrome é caracterizada por uma monossomia de cromossomo sexual (45,X) em 50-60 por cento dos casos. Os demais casos apresentam mosaicismo com uma linhagem celular 45,X acompanhada de outra(s) com o cromossomo X ou Y íntegros ou com alterações estruturais. A presença de material do cromossomo Y em pacientes com gônadas disgenéticas aumenta o risco de tumores gonadais, especialmente gonadoblastoma. A consideração mais importante diz respeito ao elevado risco de desenvolvimento de gonadoblastoma ou outros tumores e a virilização na puberdade se sequências cromossomo Y-específicas estiverem presentes. O papel do cromossomo Y na oncogênese dos cânceres humanos ainda é controverso. Apesar de o gonadoblastoma ser um tumor benigno, ele pode transformar-se num disgerminoma invasivo em 60 por cento dos casos e também em outras formas malignas de tumores de células germinativas. Apesar de alguns autores questionarem a alta incidência (em torno de 30 por cento) de gonadoblastoma, o risco do desenvolvimento de qualquer tipo de lesão gonadal, tumoral ou não, justifica a pesquisa de sequências do cromossomo Y por PCR (reação de polimerase em cadeia), técnica de alta sensibilidade, baixo custo e fácil execução. Em conclusão, o mosaicismo cromossômico tanto do X como do Y é um fato comum na ST e a detecção de sequências cromossomo Y-específicas nas portadoras, independentemente do seu cariótipo, é necessária para prevenir o desenvolvimento de lesões gonadais.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Cromossomos Humanos Y/genética , Gonadoblastoma/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Síndrome de Turner/genética , Gonadoblastoma/prevenção & controle , Mosaicismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/prevenção & controle , Síndrome de Turner/complicaçõesRESUMO
Introdução: A determinação de cortisol nos diferentes fluídos orgânicos tem sido aplicada como auxílio diagnóstico em distintas condições nosológicas em humanos, bem como empregada em estudos envolvendo pesquisa clínica. No intervalo de aplicação clínica, rotineiramente é determinado pela técnica de radioimunoensaio (RIE). Na determinação do cortisol urinário livre essa técnica vem sendo substituída peloemprego da cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC), principalmente no diagnóstico da síndrome de Cushing. Já para a determinação do cortisol sérico não se têm evidências do emprego da cromatografia líquida em substituição a outras técnicas analíticas. Objetivos: O desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica empregando HPLC no modo fase reversa (RP-HPLC) para a determinação de cortisol sérico em substituição ao RIE visando à redução da geração de resíduos radioativos. Material e métodos: O cortisol foi quantificado diretamente empregando-se RP-HPLC em amostras de soro previamente extraídas com éter utilizando-se acetonido de triancinolona como padrão interno (PI). Utilizou-se coluna analítica BDS-Hypesil-C18® (125 x 4 mm, 5 μm), fase móvel composta de água e acetonitrila (72:28; v/v) a 1 ml/min e detecção a 243 nm. Resultados: O cortisol e o PI apresentaram tempo de retenção de 3,4 e 7,1 min, respectivamente. O coeficiente de variação (CV%) obtido no estudo da precisão foi menor que 10%, e a exatidão apresentou um desvio inferior a 4%. Discussão: O método mostrou-se eficaz e eficiente, com sensibilidade e linearidade na faixa estudada de 2,5 a 60 μg/dl. Conclusão: O método proposto substitui o RIE no intervalo de sua aplicação clínica.
Background: The quantification of cortisol in different organic fluids has not only been applied to different humannosological conditions as a diagnostic aid but it has also been used in clinical research. In clinical application, cortisolis routinely measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In the determination of free urinary cortisol this technique has been replaced by the high-performance liquid chromatography mainly in the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. As to serum cortisol determination, there is no evidence of the application of liquid chromatography as a substitute for other analytical techniques. Objective: The development of an analytical methodology using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) to determine serum cortisol levels as a substitute for RIA in order to reduce radioactive waste. Material and methods: Cortisol was directly quantified by RP-HPLC in previouslyether-extracted serum samples. Triamcinolone acetonide was used as internal standard (IS). The chromatographic separation was developed in a BDS-Hypersil-C18® column (125 x 4 mm, 5μm) using water-acetonitrile (72:28; v/v) as mobile phase at 1 ml/min and steroid peaks were measured at 243 nm. Results: Cortisol and IS presented retention time of 3.4 and 7.1 min, respectively. The precision was less than 10% and accuracy was less than 4%. Discussion: The method was effective and efficient, with good sensitivity and linearity in the concentration range of 2.5 to 60.0μg/dl. Conclusion: The present methodology substitutes RIA at clinical application.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Hidrocortisona , Radioimunoensaio/métodos , Resíduos Radioativos/prevenção & controleRESUMO
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A avaliação da função adrenocortical com uso da massagem terapêutica no Brasil tem sido pouco estudada. O objetivo foi avaliar os níveis de cortisol salivar antes e após a massagem terapêutica Shantala em lactentes sadios. TIPO DO ESTUDO E LOCAL: Prospectivo/série de casos, numa creche pública em São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Amostras de saliva foram obtidas de 11 lactentes durante um dia entre 08h00 e 09h00, 16h00 e 17h00 na creche, e entre 21h00 e 22h00 na residência. Durante dois dias consecutivos os lactentes receberam 15 minutos de massagem terapêutica, coletando-se a saliva antes e após a massagem. O procedimento foi repetido após intervalo de uma semana. Os valores de cortisol (duplicatas; coeficiente de variação intra e interensaio < 5% e < 10%) nos diferentes períodos do dia foram comparados por análise de variância com medidas repetidas (ANOVA) e análise descritiva. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios no primeiro dia (± desvio padrão) de cortisol (nmol/l) foram: manhã (M) = 14,1 ± 5,7; tarde (T) = 8,3 ± 2,7; noite (N) = 3,3 ± 1,1; e, após dois dias consecutivos com massagem terapêutica, foram: M = 22,3 ± 13,5; T = 13,4 ± 6,0; N = 5,8 ± 3,5, respectivamente. Após intervalo de uma semana, foram: M = 15,8 ± 7,7; T = 14,3 ± 7,7 e N = 3,4 ± 2,0 nmol/l. CONCLUSÃO: Houve modificação nos valores de cortisol salivar pós-massagem, refletindo possível adaptação do eixo hipotalâmico-hipofisário-adrenal nos lactentes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Córtex Suprarrenal , Hidrocortisona/análise , Massagem/métodos , Saliva/química , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal , Adaptação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Análise de Variância , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Biomarcadores/análise , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/fisiologiaRESUMO
Men die of coronary artery disease more often (CAD) than women. There is evidence that testosterone is either neutral or has a beneficial effect on male cardiovascular disease. The role ofoestrogens in male CAD has been less studied. This study was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the relationship between sex hormones levels and coronary artery disease.Designer: Case-control study.Participants: Men (aged 40-70) submitted to coronary angiography. A 70% occlusion of at least one major coronary artery defined the cases; subjects with ¡Ü 50% occlusion constituted the control group.Measurements: Blood samples were collected for total testosterone, oestradiol, LH, FSH, SHBG, lipid profile and albumin measurements. Bioavailable and free testosterone, FAI and FEI were calculated. Oestradiol and total testosterone levels were examined as terciles, based on the wholestudy population. Results: Of the 140 patients included, 72 were cases and 68 were controls. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar, except for the older age and lower LDL-C in the cases. Oestradiol and FEI but not total, bioavailable and free testosterone and FAI correlated positively with CAD. After adjustments for potential confounders oestradiol remained statistically significant. Theprevalence of CAD was significantly higher in the 3rd than in the 1st tercile of oestradiol.