Argia koroivarum sp. nov. (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) from Minas Gerais state, Southeastern Brazil.

Argia koroivarum sp. nov. (BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional Serra da Canastra, 9.iv.2019, (-20.2323, -46.6084, 1306m asl), D.S. Vilela, R. Guillermo, R. Koroiva leg., Laboratory of Ecological Studies on Ethology and Evolution (LESTES), Uberaba, Minas Gerais State, Brazil) is described, illustrated, and diagnosed based on specimens collected in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The new species can be diagnosed from its congeners by the morphology of male ligula, dorsal branch of paraproct, and of female mesostigmal lobes.

A new species of Dimeragrion Calvert, 1913 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae) from Northwestern Brazil.

Dimeragrion Calvert, 1913 is a genus with five species, restricted to the Pantepui region. Here, we describe Dimeragrion baniwa sp. nov. (Holotype. ♂ (LABECO, N° 12276), BRAZIL, Amazonas, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, (0.017, -66.891, 81 m a.s.l.), first-order stream inside Terra Firme Forest, in lateral swamps: 29.xi.2021, C. C. Mendoza-Penagos & M. Gonçalves, leg.), the sixth species of the genus from 13 males and 3 females collected in the municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira in the Brazilian Amazon, located at the southern extreme of the Pantepui region. Additionally, we provide photographs of the diagnostic characters of the male and female, photographs of live specimens as well as information on their biology. Finally, identification keys are provided, as well as a distribution map of the species of the genus.

A new species of Minagrion Santos, 1965 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) from the Cerrado of Northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil.

Minagrion veredae sp. nov. (Holotype , BRAZIL (Z329), Minas Gerais state, Grande Serto Veredas National Park, 15.iv.2023, (156 S, 4548 W, 660 to 900m asl), P.S. Vital leg.) is described, illustrated and diagnosed based on specimens collected at the Grande Serto Veredas National Park. The new species inhabits palm swamp environments, Cerrado domain phytophysiognomy, as it is typical of other species of the genus. It can be diagnosed from its congeners mainly by the forcipate shape and large teeth of the cercus and the lanceolate shape of segment two of the genital ligula.

Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key.

In this study, we have comprehensively presented taxonomic information on all 62 known species of Heteragrion Selys, 1862, which includes illustrations, photographs, diagnostic characters, and a key to males. Our analysis is based on the examination of over 900 specimens from 19 different collections worldwide, encompassing the type material for at least 42 species. Furthermore, we have described a new species, Heteragrion corderoi sp. nov. (, BRAZIL, So Paulo state, Campos do Jordo, Condomnio Paradise, 24.i.1999, (Coordinates: -22.7072, -45.5894, 1796 m asl), F.A.A. Lencioni leg., LABECO), which we identified from a male that was previously considered to be a paratype of H. mantiqueirae Machado, 2006 and additional specimens collected in Campos do Jordo, So Paulo state.

Heteragrion calafatiensis (Odonata: Heteragrionidae) sp. nov. from Northern Brazil.

The Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 is the second most speciose among the Neotropical Zygoptera. However, most of its species are poorly known regarding their biology, distribution, and taxonomy, especially those from undersampled areas like Northern Brazil. Here we describe Heteragrion calafatiensis sp. nov. from the coastal environments of the Brazilian Amazon of Par state (Holotype , Brazil, Par, municipality of Magalhes Barata, near the Marapanim River, (-0.863291, -47.668058, 20 m, 26.ix.2021), C.C. Mendoza-Penagos leg, in UFPA). This is the nineth Heteragrion species recorded for the Northern region of Brazil. The new species can be separated from congeners by cercal morphology and thoracic coloration pattern.

A new species of Progomphus Selys, 1854 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from Minas Gerais state, Southeastern Brazil.

Progomphus teolitavius sp. nov. (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) is described and diagnosed based on a specimen collected in a gallery forest of Cerrado from Barroso municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil (-21.2238, -43.9895, 1033 m, 30.iii.2021, G.S. Santos leg.). The new species can be distinguished from congeners by its enlarged basal externo-lateral dilatation of cerci (which bears large teeth), and epiproct morphology.

Psaironeura jeronimoi (Odonata: Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae) sp. nov. from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, with a key for species of tenuissima group, and discussion on the significance of the genital ligula to the taxonomy of the group.

Psaironeura jeronimoi sp. nov. is described based on seven males (Holotype: ♂ (LABECO, N° 10002717), BRAZIL, Amazonas, Alto Maués Ecological Station, (-5.9852, -59.3182, 114 m asl, 12.v.2019) collected in the state of Amazonas (near Alto Maués Ecological Station) and Pará (municipality of Belterra). This new species fits into the tenuissima group but presents differences in color pattern and shape of the apex cerci. Main morphological characters are figured and compared with those of P. tenuissima (Selys, 1886) and P. bifurcata (Sjöstedt, 1918). Key to males and comments on genital ligula of the species of the group are provided. Finally, comments on the conservation status of the species are presented.

Revealing the Odonatofauna of Northeastern Brazil: new Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Odonata: Heteragrionidae) species from Bahia state.

Heteragrion roquei sp. nov. (Brazil, Bahia state, Municipality of Una, Fazenda Araruna, (-15.3146, -39.1621), 40 m, 19.ix.2019, M.E. Rodrigues leg., UESC) is described based on two males recently collected in Bahia state, Brazil. The new species is illustrated, diagnosed and compared with morphologically close congeners, being separated from them mainly by cercus characters, such as the medial portion and both ventrobasal / dorsobasal expansions.

Perilestes jueni (Zygoptera: Perilestidae), new species from Amazonas State, Northern Brazil.

Perilestes jueni sp. nov. (Brazil, Amazonas State, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Ponto 8 (0.165, -67.007, 92 m asl), 2.xii.2021, C.C. Mendoza-Penagos M. Silva-Gonçalves & S. Da Silva Ribeiro leg.) is described based on one male collected in a remote area of the Brazilian Amazon Forest. The new species is separated from congeners based on cercus morphology.

The rediscovery of Machadagrion garbei (Santos, 1961) (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) with notes on the hitherto unknown female.

Machadagrion garbei (Santos, 1961) was only known by the male holotype from Vila Nova, Bahia state, Brazil, and one male from Junqueira, Alagoas state, Brazil, collected in 1963. Over 50 years of its original description we report its rediscovery with specimens collected in Barra do Jacupe, Camaari County, Bahia state, Brazil, and Serra de Itabaiana, Sergipe state, Brazil. We provide illustrations and diagnosis from both sexes, including the description of the female.

Morphological description of the final instar larvae of Argia reclusa Selys, 1865 and Tigriagrion aurantinigrum Calvert, 1909 from Southeastern Brazil (Odonata: Coenagrionidae).

The final instar larvae of Argia reclusa Selys, 1865 and Tigriagrion aurantinigrum Calvert, 1909 are described, diagnosed and illustrated. The larvae of A. reclusa has a very prominent premental ligula, shared with a single species in Brazil, from which it can be separated by a combination of characters. The larvae of T. aurantinigrum is similar to most Oxyagrion in regard to prementum and lamellae shape, and differs from those taxa in palpal and premental setation and number of teeth on the labial palp. Both larvae were collected in a small stream of the Cerrado biome, where both species are common.

Heteragrion lencionii (Odonata: Heteragrionidae) sp. nov. from Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Northeastern Brazil.

The Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 is one of the most speciose among Zygoptera. Notwithstanding, most of its species are poorly known, especially those from undersampled areas such as Northeastern Brazil. Here, we describe Heteragrion lencionii sp. nov., from protected areas of Sergipe state (Holotype ♂, Brazil, Sergipe, Areia Branca, Serra de Itabaiana National Park, -10.7484, -37.3390, 179 m, 7.xii.2020, A.B. Farias A.E. dos Santos leg., in UFS). This is only the second Heteragrion species discovered as new for the Northeastern region of Brazil, separated from other congeners by cercus morphology and thoracic coloration pattern.

Leptagrion itabaiana sp. nov. (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) from Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Sergipe state, Northeastern Brazil.

Leptagrion itabaiana sp. nov. (Brazil, Sergipe, Areia Branca, Serra de Itabaiana National Park, (10.7517 S, 37.3415 W, 179 m asl), 3.ii.2021, J.C. Santos leg.) is described, diagnosed, illustrated and compared with morphologically close congeners based on male specimens. The new species can be separated from other Leptagrion species mainly by cercus morphology.

Leptagrion jeromei (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) spec. nov. from Brazil, with notes on L. andromache Hagen in Selys, 1876.

A new species of Leptagrion Selys, 1876 is described and named in honor to Dr. Jerome Constant: Leptagrion jeromei (Holotype: Brazil: Bahia, Jussari, RPPN Serra do Teimoso, Jequitiba tree (Cariniana legalis (Mart.) Kuntze, 1898) at 32 m, 10.v.2005, K.S. Furieri leg and deposited in FAAL). This species was confused for a long time with L. andromache Hagen in Selys, 1876 its closest congener. Diagnostic illustrations of L. andromache (lectotype and specimens collected at AmapBrazil) and L. jeromei spec. nov. are presented. We also present the northernmost record for L. andromache in Amap state, Northern Brazil.

Final instar larva of Acanthagrion truncatum Selys, 1876 (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae).

Here we describe the final instar larvae of Acanthagrion truncatum Selys, 1876, the 16th described for the genus. We compare the diagnostic characters of A. truncatum with other species of the Group II. Although very similar to other Acanthagrion, the larvae of A. truncatum can be separated from other congeners from having the following character combination: cephalic lobes bulging and rounded, seven antennomeres, 2+1 or 2 premental setae, and nodus at 0.60-0.62 of total length of the lamella.

Revision of the genus Minagrion Santos, 1965 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae).

Endemic to Brazil, the genus Minagrion Santos, 1965 is revised for the first time. The genus contains five species, and here we establish diagnostic characters, keys and drawings for both sexes. Furthermore, we propose the synonymy of M. franciscoi Machado Bedê, 2015 new syn. with M. caldense Santos, 1965.

The female of Epipleoneura spatulata Rácenis, 1960 (Odonata: Protoneurinae).

Here we describe the hitherto unknown female of Epipleoneura spatulata Rácenis, 1960 and present a table of characters (all illustrated) to distinguish it from other known congeneric females. We suggest that the main diagnostic character of the female of E. spatulata is the shape of posterior margin of prothorax, which is flat medially with smoothly curved erect lateral projections.

The female of Heteragrion icterops Selys, 1862 (Odonata: Heteragrionidae) with comments and key on the Brazilian females of Heteragrion group B.

The female of Heteragrion icterops Selys, 1862, incompletely mentioned in 1886, is described, illustrated, keyed and diagnosed based on specimens collected in Pará State, North Brazil. We also provide an identification key and diagnostic comments on other two Group B females occurring in Brazil: H. angustipenne Selys, 1886 and H. bariai De Marmels, 1989. Heteragrion icterops females can be distinguished from other female congeners by having the genital valves tips leveling the posterior margin of S10 and by the morphology of the intersternites, presenting a well-developed dorsal plate and lacking a posterior plate.

Heteragrion denisye sp. nov. (Odonata: Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae), a notable species from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Heteragrion denisye sp. nov. (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae) is described and diagnosed on specimens collected near a Vereda (i.e. palm swamp) area of the National Park of Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil (-20.2323, -46.6085, 1305 m, 25 x 2018, Vilela, Koroiva, Nobrega Lera leg.). This species is unique within the genus and it is easily distinguished from congeners due to its blue coloration pattern and cerci morphology, which is robust and presents a reduced apical portion, longer on most Heteragrion species.

Final instar larva of Franciscagrion longispinum Machado amp; Bedê, 2015 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae), an endemic species from the springs of the São Francisco river.

Franciscagrion longispinum Machado Bedê larvae were collected in the São Francisco river historical springs at the Serra da Canastra National Park, Brazil. Here, we describe and illustrate the final instar larvae of this rare and endemic species.