Revision of the bee subgenus Centris (Wagenknechtia) Moure, 1950 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini).

In this paper, a complete taxonomic revision of the species of Centris (Wagenknechtia) Moure is presented for the first time. The following species are recognized: Centris cineraria Smith, C. escomeli Cockerell, C. moldenkei Toro & Chiappa, C. muralis Burmeister, C. orellanai Ruiz, C. rhodophthalma Pérez and C. vardyorum Roig-Alsina. Floral associations, distribution records, and diagnoses of both sexes based on type specimens, are given. An identification key, illustrations, along with an updated catalogue of all species of the subgenus, are also provided. In addition, a neotype for Centris orellanai is designated.

A new species of Centris (Xanthemisia) Moure, 1945 from South America with a synopsis of the known species of the subgenus in Colombia (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini).

A synopsis of the species of Centris subgenus Xanthemisia Moure in Colombia is presented. The species identified are Centris ferruginea Lepeletier, C. lutea Friese and C. aureiventris, a new species from the Colombian Andes. Morphological characters of both sexes, distribution records and an identification key for the three species of the subgenus that occur in Colombia are provided.

Five new species of Baeus Haliday, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Scelioninae) from Brazil with an updated key to Neotropical species.

The species of the genus Baeus are small endoparasitoids wasps that attack spiders' egg sacs. Although there are data of occurrence in several biogeographical regions, their distribution records are scarce, especially due to their small size, mak- ing difficult to collect them in natural environments. In this paper, five new species of Baeus are described as results of collections made in southeastern Brazil: Baeus fluminensis new species, B. itatiaiaensis new species, B. leucophthalmus new species, B. melanocephalus new species and B. morenus new species. An updated key to the known Neotropical spe- cies of the genus is also provided.

New species of Centris (Xanthemisia) Moure from the Mesoamerican Dominion and the Mexican Transition Zone (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

Three new species of oil-collecting bees of the genus Centris (Xanthemisia) Moure are described and illustrated: C. jakalteka sp. nov., C. maya sp. nov. and C. purhepecha sp. nov. The new proposed taxa are distributed in the north of the Neotropical Region, specifically in the Mesoamerican Dominion and the Mexican Transition Zone, between the Neotropics and Nearctic. In addition, a distribution map and an identification key for the species of the subgenus occurring in the aforementioned regions are also presented.

Species of the bee genus Centris Fabricius, 1804 described by Heinrich Friese (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

Primary types of Centris bees described by the German melittologist Heinrich Friese were studied. To stabilize the application of some names, lectotypes were designated for C. agilis abdominalis, C. americana bicincta, C. atriventris rubripes, C. bakeri, C. birkmannii, C. breviceps, C. bucephala, C. buchwaldi, C. burgdorfi paraguayensis, C. chilensis neoqueenensis, C. collaris fluviatilis, C. costaricensis erubescens, C. flavothoracica, C. labrosa, C. labrosa simplex, C. lateritia, C. lutea, C. metathoracica, C. mexicana albiceps, C. mixta, C. mocsaryi, C. muralis melanopus, C. nigripes, C. pauloensis, and C. versicolor rufiventris. Centris agilis abdominalis and C. labrosa simplex were revalidated from the synonymy of C. agilis Smith and C. analis (Fabricius), respectively, raising both varieties at species level. Centris fulvicollis is removed from C. (Ptilotopus) and transferred to C. (Melanocentris), transforming the former subgenus in a natural group. Centris fusciventris atriceps is proposed as n. syn. of C. mocsaryi, C. flavifrons rufescens as n. syn. of C. flavifrons (Fabricius), and C. xanthocnemis ardesiaca as n. syn. of C. xanthocnemis (Perty). Centris femoralis is withdrawn from the synonymy of C. lutea and proposed as n. syn. of C. rufipes. Taxonomic notes and comments of the remaining species described by Friese are also provided.

Lectotype designations taxonomic notes and new synonymies in some species of the bee genus Centris Fabricius, 1804 described by Frederick Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

In this paper the primary types of Centris bees described by the British entomologist Frederick Smith deposited in the Natural History Museum, London and in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, United Kingdom were studied. To stabilize the application of some names, lectotypes were designated for C. agilis, C. apiformis (= C. aenea Lepeletier), C. ardens (= C. varia (Erichson)), C. aterrima, C. cineraria, C. concinna (= C. dentata), C. crassipes, C. dentata, C. difformis, C. discolor, C. elegans, C. ephippium, C. festiva, C. ignita (= C. agilis), C. insignis, C. insularis, C. maculifrons, C. melanochlaena, C. mexicana, C. modesta, C. nitida, C. perforator, C. personata (= C. longimana Fabricius), C. plumipes, C. rubella (= C. ferruginea Lepeletier), C. semicaerulea, C. simillima, C. tarsata, C. thoracica (= C. domingensis Dalla Torre) and Anthophora dimidiata (= C. nigerrima (Spinola)). Centris perforator nom. rev. and C. modesta nom. rev. are withdrawn from the synonymy of C. fuscata Lepeletier and C. obsoleta Lepeletier respectively, and consequently revalidated. Centris fulviventris Cresson and C. simillima are removed from the synonymy of C. lanipes (Fabricius), proposing the revalidation of the first species and the second one as its new junior synonym. Centris insignis and C. insignis scutellaris Friese are proposed as new junior synonyms of C. laticincta (Spinola). The critical study of the primary type of C. aterrima, for a long time a misidentified species, allowed for proposing C. anomala Snelling as its new junior synonym. As result of this synonymy, C. apache new species is here described based on specimens incorrectly considered as belonging to C. aterrima. In addition, a lectotype for Centris clypeata Friese (= C. nigrocaerulea Smith) is also designated.

Synopsis of the carpenter bee subgenus Xylocopa (Schonnherria) Lepeletier, 1841 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Colombia, with designation of lectotypes and the description of two new species.

A synopsis of the metallic carpenter bees Xylocopa subgenus Schonnherria Lepeletier in Colombia is presented. Eleven species were recognized: X. dimidiata Latreille, X. ecuadorica Cockerell, X. lateralis Say, X. lucida Smith, X. metallica Smith, X. muscaria (Fabricius), X. ornata Smith, X. viridis Smith, and X. simillima Smith, being this latter a new record for the country. In addition, two new species are described: X. auriventris n. sp. and X. romeroi n. sp. from the Colombian Andean and Pacific region, respectively. To stabilize the application of some names, lectotypes were designated for X. binotata Pérez (=X. lateralis), X. muscaria, X. ornata, X. simillima and X. viridis. Diagnoses, descriptions, comments, floral records, distribution maps, figures and an identification key are also provided.

Lectotype designations, taxonomic notes and new synonymy in some species of the bee genus Centris Fabricius, 1804 described by William Henry Fox (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

In this paper, the primary types of Centris described by the American doctor and naturalist William Henry Fox deposited at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia and in the United States National Museum, Washington, United States were studied. To stabilize the application of some names, lectotypes were designated for C. atriventris Fox (= C. foxi Friese), C. cockerellii Fox, C. eisenii Fox, C. errans Fox, C. pallida Fox, C. subhyalina Fox (= C. lanosa Cresson), and C. xylocopoides Fox. This latter species is withdrawn from the synonymy of C. braccata Packard and subsequently revalidated. Centris foxi is removed from synonymy of C. atripes Mocsáry and revalidated, proposing this latter species as its new junior synonym. A taxonomic note on the primary type of C. marginata Fox (= C. caesalpiniae Cockerell) is also provided.

Lectotype designations, taxonomic notes and new synonymies in some species of the bee genus Centris Fabricius, 1804 described by Amédée Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

In this paper the primary types of Centris described by Amédée Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau in 1841 deposited at Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, France and Hope Entomological Collection, Oxford University Museum of Natural History, United Kingdom were studied. To stabilize the application of some names, lectotypes were designated for C. bimaculata, C. collaris, C. decolorata, C. denudans, C. dorsata, C. ferruginea, C. fuscata, C. maculata (= C. decolorata), C. obsoleta, C. picea, C. poecila, C. trigonoides, C. violacea and C. vittata. Centris picea nomen oblitum is withdrawn from the synonymy of C. lanipes (Fabricius) and proposed as new junior synonym of C. trigonoides nomen protectum. Centris nigrescens is removed from the synonymy of C. vittata and revalidated, proposing C. merrillae Cockerell and C. lanipes ogilviei Cockerell as its new junior synonymies. Lectotypes for this latter species and for C. rubella Smith (= C. ferruginea) were also designated. In addition, due to the impossibility of identifying C. thoracica and the misplacement of its type material, it is proposed to consider it nomen dubium and place it incertae sedis.

Taxonomic notes, lectotype designations and new synonymies in some species of the bee genus Centris Fabricius, 1804 described by Sándor Mocsáry and Heinrich Friese (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

In this paper some primary types of Centris bees described by Sándor Mocsáry and Heinrich Friese deposited at Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum, Hungary were studied. To stabilize the application of some names, lectotypes were designated for C. aeneiventris Mocsáry, C. bicornuta Mocsáry, C. flavilabris Mocsáry, C. fulviventris Mocsáry, C. lineolata castaniventris Mocsáry, C. zonata Mocsáry, C. labiata Friese, C. klugii Friese, and C. fusciventris scutellata Friese. In addition, C. aeneiventris, C. intermixta Friese and C. pseudoephippia Friese are proposed as new junior synonymies of C. ephippia Smith. This latter species, along with C. scutellata are transferred to C. (Melanocentris) Friese from the subgenera C. (Ptilocentris) Snelling and C. (Aphemisia) Ayala, respectively. Taxonomic notes on type material of C. bicornuta and C. conspersa Mocsáry are also provided.

First record and new species of the parasitoid wasp Chaenotetrastichus Graham (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) for the Neotropical Region, with notes on its biology and a key for the species of the genus.

Chaenotetrastichus neotropicalis sp. nov. from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, is described and illustrated. This new species is associated with a species of the pompilid wasp Auplopus Spinola (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) and it represents the first record of the genus for the Neotropics. A key for the extant species of the genus Chaenotetrastichus Graham is also presented.

Taxonomic revision of Lepidura Townes, 1971 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Mesochorinae) with the description of three new species, new distribution records and a key to the all known species.

A taxonomic review of Lepidura Townes is presented, with three new species described. The following species are recognized: L. abbreviata Dasch, L. callaina Dasch, L. collaris Townes, L. improcera Dasch, L. mallecoensis Dasch, L. olivacea Dasch, L. rubicunda Dasch, L. tenebrosa Dasch, L. tuberosa Dasch, L. variegata Dasch, L. viridis Dasch, L. nigricephala sp. nov., L. patagonica sp. nov. and L. seminitida sp. nov. Species are restricted to Southern South America, occurring in the Andean biogeographic zone. New occurrence records and distribution maps are provided for all species, as well as diagnoses based on type specimens. In addition, an updated key for all species is provided.

Primer registro de la abeja colectora de óleo Centris (Odontoxys) melanochlaena Smith, 1874 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) en Nicaragua

Se presenta el primer reporte de la abeja colectora de óleo Centris (Odontoxys) melanochlaena Smith, 1874 en Nicaragua. Esta especie se distribuye en varios países de Centroamérica y México, siendo este el primer reporte en el occidente de Nicaragua. Este registro contribuye al conocimiento del rango de distribución de esta especie, así como también incrementa la lista de especies de abejas nativas de Nicaragua.

The first report of the oil-collecting bee Centris (Odontoxys) melanochlaena Smith, 1874 in Nicaragua is presented. This species occurs in several Central American countries and Mexico, being this the first record from western Nicaragua. This record contributes to the knowledge of the distribution range of this species, as well as increases the list of native bees occurring in Nicaragua.

Discovery of two new Andean species of Scolomus (Townes Townes), with a key to all known species (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Metopiinae).

Scolomus Townes Townes is a widely distributed genus of the family Ichneumonidae, with most species occurring in the New World. Herein two new species from Chile are described and illustrated. Scolomus maculatus sp. nov., which is characterized by a large rhomboid areolet and very wide RS vein in the fore wing, resembling a petiole; head and pronotum green, mesoscutum yellow with dark brown spots on its lateral lobes and around the scutellum. Scolomus clypeatus sp. nov., which is characterized by its wide clypeus, 3.00× as wide as long, with a rectangular aspect; head, mesoscutum, postscutellum and pronotum entirely yellow. The first key to all known species of the genus is also presented.

Ichneumonid wasps of the subfamily Mesochorinae: new replacement names, combinations and an updated key to the World genera (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae).

Mesochorinae is a relatively small but widely distributed subfamily of Ichneumonidae, with most species occurring in the Neotropical Region. Currently, there are two classifications in use regarding mesochorine genera, causing numerous taxonomic conflicts. To resolve nomenclature conflicts, seven new replacement names and twelve new combinations are proposed for species now recognized as members of Mesochorus Gravenhorst. Herein the synonymy of Plectochorus Uchida and Stictopisthus Thomson  with the genus Mesochorus s. lat. is reaffirmed, supported by the following shared character states: transverse subantennal carina partially or completely developed; supraclypeal area evenly convex, without median protrusion; clypeus not separated from supraclypeal area by depression or groove; and hind wing without vein Cu1b. An updated key to the World genera of Mesochorinae is also presented.

Taxonomic note on the oil-collecting bee Centris dimidiata (Olivier, 1789 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini).

Centris dimidiata (Olivier) is currently considered an easily recognizable species widely distributed throughout the Amazon basin, mainly in Brazil. For much of its taxonomic history, C. atriventris Mocsáry and C. furcata (Fabricius) have been considered its junior subjective synonymies. Such interpretation was apparently due to the lack of a detailed study of the type specimens, misinterpretation of the original descriptions, and inability to study the apparently lost type specimen of C. dimidiata. In this paper, a neotype for C. dimidiata is designated, the species is placed in Centris (Ptilotopus), and C. denudans rubida Gribodo is proposed as its new junior synonymy. Simultaneously, as a result of a detailed study of the type material of C. atriventris and C. furcata, both species are revalidated and their placement in Centris (Melacentris) is confirmed. For all species, the female is redescribed and the male is described for the first time. A lectotype for C. atriventris is designated and new distribution records and a distribution map are provided.

A synopsis of the subgenus Centris (Hemisiella) Moure, 1945 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini) in Colombia, with description of a new species.

A synopsis of the species of Centris subgenus Hemisiella Moure in Colombia is presented. The species included are Centris dichrootricha (Moure), C. facialis Mocsáry, C. merrillae Cockerell, C. tarsata Smith, C. trigonoides Lepeletier and C. vittata Lepeletier. In addition, C. nebulosa new species from northwestern Colombia is described, as well as the male of C. merrillae. Diagnoses for both sexes, occurrence records, and an identification key for the seven species of the subgenus that occur in the country are provided.

Two new species of Centris (Aphemisia) Ayala, 2002 from Colombia with a synopsis of the subgenus for the country (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini).

A synopsis of the species of Centris subgenus Aphemisia Ayala in Colombia is presented. A total of six species were recognized: C. lilacina Cockerell, C. mocsaryi Friese, C. plumipes Smith and C. quadrimaculata Packard, including C. celadonia n. sp. and C. vallecaucensis n. sp., two new species described from the Departments of Huila and Valle del Cauca, respectively. Diagnoses, descriptions, information on geographical distribution and an identification key to all species are provided. The previously unknown male of C. plumipes is described for the first time.

Eleven new replacement names in the genus Mesochorus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Ichneumonidae: Mesochorinae).

Eleven new replacement names in the genus Mesochorus Gravenhorst, 1829 are proposed due the synonymy with Plectochorus Uchida, 1933 and Stictopisthus Thomson, 1886 made by Wahl in his cladistic analysis of the genera of Mesochorinae.

Revision of the species of Centris (Xanthemisia) Moure, 1945 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini) from the Caribbean island.

A revision of the species of Centris subgenus Xanthemisia Moure from the Caribbean islands is presented. The species identified are C. aethiops Cresson, C. domingensis Dalla Torre nom. rev. and C. caymanensis, a new species from the Cayman Islands, Lesser Antilles. Figures, morphological characters of both sexes and the description of the male of C. domingensis are given. New distribution records and an identification key for the three species of the subgenus that occur in the Caribbean islands are also provided.